D. 歸化
有些英語的修辭格譯成漢語時(shí),可以換用符合漢語習(xí)慣的其他辭格或是改變?cè)闹斜扔餍蜗?,使譯文在思想上忠實(shí)于原作、風(fēng)格和神韻上盡量求得與原文相接近的效果。例如:
(1) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie".
他如此嘮叨,同伴們給他起了個(gè)"麻雀"的外號(hào)。(漢語中"喜鵲"喻義喜事、吉利、運(yùn)氣,而英語中喻義卻是嘮叨、饒舌,于是取漢語中聯(lián)想效果對(duì)應(yīng)的比喻)
(2) "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety.
"別害怕, 你們這些膽小如鼠的東西!"只聽得她用戲謔的口氣說道。(英語中雞是懦弱、膽怯的代名詞, 漢語中的雞卻無法引起人們這種聯(lián)想,于是換成老鼠形象。)
(3)It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遺憾的是,我們當(dāng)時(shí)的呼吁石沉大海。
(4) And I suppose she'll tell all the boys, the old cat. 我猜想她會(huì)告訴所有的男人,這個(gè)長(zhǎng)舌的老太婆?。ㄓ⒄Z中貓常用來比喻惡毒的女人)
(5) Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.他在書房里走過來又走過去,走過來又走過去。(英語anastrophe——漢語順成結(jié)構(gòu))
(6)In the past 12 months the word has watched with disbelief and dismay the acceleration of force and violence in the region.過去的十二個(gè)月里,全世界驚愕莫名地和難以置信地看到了這個(gè)地區(qū)正在加速使用武力和暴力。(英語alliter-ation——漢語對(duì)偶法)
(7)Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.麥克白夫人生來一副鐵石心腸。(英語simile——漢語隱語)
E. 切分
有些英語修辭格(特別是那些句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的修辭格)難以采用對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語辭格來翻譯,有時(shí)有必要使用切分的辦法來譯,以便使譯文符合漢語的規(guī)范和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如:
(1)She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.
在一次舞會(huì)上, 她傾心愛上了一個(gè)人, 但卻丟失了她的項(xiàng)鏈。
(2) He was restlessly tired, even as he lay in bed.他累了,然而一點(diǎn)也不安寧,即使躺在床上也還是這樣。
(3)Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.羅斯福目光炯炯,面帶微笑,聚精會(huì)神地聽著。
F.數(shù)種譯法并用
有些英語修辭格譯成漢語時(shí)有時(shí)需要數(shù)種譯法并用才能譯成漂亮的漢語。例如:
(1)…when I and my sorrows are dust.當(dāng)我的尸骨化為塵土,我的哀愁化作清風(fēng)時(shí)…… (英語zeugma——漢譯采用分譯和歸化)
(2)Civilization is syphilization!世界愈文明,梅毒愈蔓延。(英語pun——漢語采用分譯和釋義)
(3)From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases strung along the rim of inland deserts. 條條溪水,潺潺而下,滋潤(rùn)著鑲嵌于內(nèi)陸沙漠邊緣的片片綠洲。(英語alliteration和assonance——漢語使用疊詞、象聲詞、分譯)
G.英語原文無修辭格,翻譯成漢語時(shí)用修辭格
有時(shí)原文中沒有修辭格,但譯成漢語時(shí)為了使語言表達(dá)生動(dòng)活潑,譯文中可以適當(dāng)增加漢語修辭手法,例如:
(1)He determined to satisfy himself of the real state of the case.他決心把事情弄個(gè)水落石出。
(2)I judge that there was going to be a crash by and by, but I was in now and must swim across or drown.我猜想遲早會(huì)有一天西洋鏡有被拆穿,可是我既已下水,就不得不泅過水去,否則就會(huì)淹死。
(3)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。
有些英語的修辭格譯成漢語時(shí),可以換用符合漢語習(xí)慣的其他辭格或是改變?cè)闹斜扔餍蜗?,使譯文在思想上忠實(shí)于原作、風(fēng)格和神韻上盡量求得與原文相接近的效果。例如:
(1) He was so fond of talking that his comrades nicknamed him "magpie".
他如此嘮叨,同伴們給他起了個(gè)"麻雀"的外號(hào)。(漢語中"喜鵲"喻義喜事、吉利、運(yùn)氣,而英語中喻義卻是嘮叨、饒舌,于是取漢語中聯(lián)想效果對(duì)應(yīng)的比喻)
(2) "Don't be scared, chickens!" came her voice with teasing gaiety.
"別害怕, 你們這些膽小如鼠的東西!"只聽得她用戲謔的口氣說道。(英語中雞是懦弱、膽怯的代名詞, 漢語中的雞卻無法引起人們這種聯(lián)想,于是換成老鼠形象。)
(3)It is regrettable that our appeal remained a dead letter.遺憾的是,我們當(dāng)時(shí)的呼吁石沉大海。
(4) And I suppose she'll tell all the boys, the old cat. 我猜想她會(huì)告訴所有的男人,這個(gè)長(zhǎng)舌的老太婆?。ㄓ⒄Z中貓常用來比喻惡毒的女人)
(5) Up and down he walked, up and down across the library floor.他在書房里走過來又走過去,走過來又走過去。(英語anastrophe——漢語順成結(jié)構(gòu))
(6)In the past 12 months the word has watched with disbelief and dismay the acceleration of force and violence in the region.過去的十二個(gè)月里,全世界驚愕莫名地和難以置信地看到了這個(gè)地區(qū)正在加速使用武力和暴力。(英語alliter-ation——漢語對(duì)偶法)
(7)Mrs. Macbeth has a heart as hard as flint.麥克白夫人生來一副鐵石心腸。(英語simile——漢語隱語)
E. 切分
有些英語修辭格(特別是那些句子結(jié)構(gòu)上的修辭格)難以采用對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語辭格來翻譯,有時(shí)有必要使用切分的辦法來譯,以便使譯文符合漢語的規(guī)范和表達(dá)習(xí)慣。例如:
(1)She lost her heart and necklace at a ball.
在一次舞會(huì)上, 她傾心愛上了一個(gè)人, 但卻丟失了她的項(xiàng)鏈。
(2) He was restlessly tired, even as he lay in bed.他累了,然而一點(diǎn)也不安寧,即使躺在床上也還是這樣。
(3)Franklin Roosevelt listened with bright-eyed smiling attention.羅斯福目光炯炯,面帶微笑,聚精會(huì)神地聽著。
F.數(shù)種譯法并用
有些英語修辭格譯成漢語時(shí)有時(shí)需要數(shù)種譯法并用才能譯成漂亮的漢語。例如:
(1)…when I and my sorrows are dust.當(dāng)我的尸骨化為塵土,我的哀愁化作清風(fēng)時(shí)…… (英語zeugma——漢譯采用分譯和歸化)
(2)Civilization is syphilization!世界愈文明,梅毒愈蔓延。(英語pun——漢語采用分譯和釋義)
(3)From their slopes flow streams feeding the oases strung along the rim of inland deserts. 條條溪水,潺潺而下,滋潤(rùn)著鑲嵌于內(nèi)陸沙漠邊緣的片片綠洲。(英語alliteration和assonance——漢語使用疊詞、象聲詞、分譯)
G.英語原文無修辭格,翻譯成漢語時(shí)用修辭格
有時(shí)原文中沒有修辭格,但譯成漢語時(shí)為了使語言表達(dá)生動(dòng)活潑,譯文中可以適當(dāng)增加漢語修辭手法,例如:
(1)He determined to satisfy himself of the real state of the case.他決心把事情弄個(gè)水落石出。
(2)I judge that there was going to be a crash by and by, but I was in now and must swim across or drown.我猜想遲早會(huì)有一天西洋鏡有被拆穿,可是我既已下水,就不得不泅過水去,否則就會(huì)淹死。
(3)Flowers bloom all over the yard.朵朵鮮花開滿了庭院。