兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上簡(jiǎn)單句 (Simple Sentence) 可以合成一個(gè)較長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句 (Compound Sentence) 或復(fù)雜句 (Complex Sentence) .通過(guò)句子的合成,我們得以更清楚地看出句子間的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,而且還可以使句子多樣化,增加文章的豐姿。
現(xiàn)在就從三方面來(lái)看看句子合成法的問(wèn)題。
1. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。例如:
(1) John ran away. He escaped the danger. → Running away, John escaped the danger. )
(2) The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar. → The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
(3) The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted. → On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.
(4) Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice. → Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.
(5) The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally. → The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
2. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)并列句。例如:
(6) John was sad. He kept quiet. → John was sad but he kept quiet.
(7) Take the book. Leave it there. → Take the book or leave it there.
(8) Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache. → Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.
(9) Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard. → Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
3. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。例如:
(10) Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it. → We know that Kelvin is getting rich.
(11) I like this book. It contains many amusing stories. → I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
(12) Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain? → Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?
(13) The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night. → The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
上面例子顯示,簡(jiǎn)單句由“主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)” (Subject Predicate) 構(gòu)成,有時(shí)還附有修飾性的短語(yǔ)。并列句由至少兩個(gè)地位平等的并列分句透過(guò)并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunction) 如“ and, or, but, so, for ”等連成。復(fù)雜句包括一個(gè)主句 (Main Clause) 及至少一個(gè)從句 (Subordinate Clause) , 通過(guò)從屬連詞 (Subordinating Conjunction) 如 “That, since, because, when, if ”等合成。從屬分句因功能不同而分成“名詞從句” (Noun Clause), “副詞從句” (Adverb Clause) 和“形容詞從句” (Adjective Clause) .上述諸句式中,復(fù)雜句最為多采多姿,不妨多用。為了避免句子太長(zhǎng),難以控制,一個(gè)復(fù)雜句不要超過(guò)三個(gè)從句。
現(xiàn)在就從三方面來(lái)看看句子合成法的問(wèn)題。
1. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)長(zhǎng)的簡(jiǎn)單句。例如:
(1) John ran away. He escaped the danger. → Running away, John escaped the danger. )
(2) The hunter took up his gun. He shot the boar. → The hunter took up his gun to shoot the boar.
(3) The king died. The queen heard about it. She fainted. → On hearing about the king's death, the queen fainted.
(4) Kelvin is my good friend. He is a strong supporter of social justice. → Kelvin, a strong supporter of social justice, is my good friend.
(5) The rascal kicked the cat. He kicked it on the back. He kicked it intentionally. → The rascal kicked the cat on the back intentionally.
2. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)并列句。例如:
(6) John was sad. He kept quiet. → John was sad but he kept quiet.
(7) Take the book. Leave it there. → Take the book or leave it there.
(8) Sean did not come to class today. He had a bad headache. → Sean did not come to class today, for he had a bad headache.
(9) Bruce was lying on the bed. He looked at the ceiling. He saw a lizard. → Lying on the bed, Bruce looked at the ceiling and saw a lizard.
3. 由兩三個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句合成一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。例如:
(10) Kelvin is getting rich. We know about it. → We know that Kelvin is getting rich.
(11) I like this book. It contains many amusing stories. → I like this book which contains many amusing stories.
(12) Helen is sure to get her pay. It is due to her. Why does she complain? → Why does Helen complain since she is sure to get the pay due to her ?
(13) The woman was exhausted. She had not slept well the previous night. → The woman was exhausted because she had not slept well the previous night.
上面例子顯示,簡(jiǎn)單句由“主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ)” (Subject Predicate) 構(gòu)成,有時(shí)還附有修飾性的短語(yǔ)。并列句由至少兩個(gè)地位平等的并列分句透過(guò)并列連詞 (Coordinating Conjunction) 如“ and, or, but, so, for ”等連成。復(fù)雜句包括一個(gè)主句 (Main Clause) 及至少一個(gè)從句 (Subordinate Clause) , 通過(guò)從屬連詞 (Subordinating Conjunction) 如 “That, since, because, when, if ”等合成。從屬分句因功能不同而分成“名詞從句” (Noun Clause), “副詞從句” (Adverb Clause) 和“形容詞從句” (Adjective Clause) .上述諸句式中,復(fù)雜句最為多采多姿,不妨多用。為了避免句子太長(zhǎng),難以控制,一個(gè)復(fù)雜句不要超過(guò)三個(gè)從句。