2009年考研英語沖擊翻譯不得不戀(19)

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英譯漢中的從句( 2 )——★定語從句★
    定語從句相當于相當于形容詞,因此也可以叫做形容興從句。引導定從句的關系代詞 that,who 等在從句中一定要做句子成分,要么是主語,要么是賓語,翻譯時有兩種處理辦法:一是定語從句譯成簡單的形容詞, that,which,who 等不必譯出 ; 二是定于從句獨立成句, that,which,who 等譯成現(xiàn)行詞(即被定語從句修飾的名詞)。
    例一: How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount ,reliability,and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. (1995 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析 : 句中的 which 引導的定語從句較短,如果譯成 skill and wisdom 的前置定語,則 which 不必譯出,如果單獨成句, which 要譯成"技巧和智慧"。第一種情況可以譯成:"這些預測將在多大的程度上被后來的表現(xiàn)所證實取決于所使用的信息的數(shù)量,可靠性和適用性,同時還取決于解釋這些信息的技巧和智慧。"后一種情況:"這些預測將會多大程度地被后來的表現(xiàn)所證實取決于所使用的信息的數(shù)量,可靠性和適用性,同時還取決于技巧和智慧,通過這些技巧和信息得到了解釋。"
    例二: They are the possessions of the autonomous (self -governing) man of traditional theory, and they are essential to practices in which a person is held responsible for his conduct and given credit for his achiecements. (2002 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析 : 句中 which 引導的定語從句長而復雜,修飾名詞 practices , 翻譯時只能把 which 它譯成現(xiàn)行詞 practices 。
    例三: Pearson has pieced together the work of hundreds of researcheers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. (2001 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析 : 句中的 that ,when 都是引導定語從句,從整個句子的情況來看,這兩個定語從句都要單獨翻譯, that 譯成" calendar ",when 圍繞名詞 dates 來翻譯。
    英譯漢中的從句( 3 )--★狀語從句★
    狀語從句在句中相當于副詞,因此也可以叫做副詞性從句。引導狀語從句的詞很多,常見的有 when,while,that,for,although 等,這些從句引導詞及本身一般都按字面翻譯,整個從句翻譯完后與原文沒有多大區(qū)別。
    例一 : While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians ,modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. (1999 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析 :句中的 while 顯然引導狀語從句,但它引導的不是時間狀語從句,而是讓步狀語從句,因此不能翻譯成"當......的時候",而應該譯成"雖然,盡管"。各位可以從下面的例句體會一下 while 的用法:
    While there is life there is hope. 留得生命在,不怕沒希望。
    While the book will be welcomed by scholars , it will make an immediate appeal to the general reader. 這本書將受到學者們的歡迎,同時也會引起一般讀者的興趣。
    例二: Until these issues are resolved , a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected ,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems. (2002 年英譯漢真題 )
    分析 : Until 在句中引導條件狀語從句,按字面譯為"除非"或者"直到"。