英語輔導(dǎo):形容詞及其基本用法(一)

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形容詞修飾名詞,說明事物或人的性質(zhì)或特征。通常,可將形容詞分成性質(zhì)形容詞和敘述形容詞兩類,其位置不一定都放在名詞前面。
    1)直接說明事物的性質(zhì)或特征的形容詞是性質(zhì)形容詞,它有級的變化,可以用程度副詞修飾,在句中可作定語、表語和補(bǔ)語。例如:hot 熱的。
    2)敘述形容詞只能作表語,所以又稱為表語形容詞。這類形容詞沒有級的變化,也不可用程度副詞修飾。大多數(shù)以a開頭的形容詞都屬于這一類。例如:afraid 害怕的。
    (錯)He is an ill man.
    (對)The man is ill.
    (錯)She is an afraid girl.
    (對)The girl is afraid.
    這類詞還有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
    3)形容詞作定語修飾名詞時,要放在名詞的前邊。但是如果形容詞修飾以-thing為字尾的詞語時,要放在這些詞之后,例如:
    something nice
    以-ly結(jié)尾的形容詞
    1)大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly仍為形容詞。
    改錯:
    (錯)She sang lovely.
    (錯)He spoke to me very friendly.
    (對)Her singing was lovely.
    (對)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
    2)有些以-ly 結(jié)尾既為形容詞,也為副詞。
    daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
    The Times is a daily paper.
    The Times is published daily.
    用形容詞表示類別和整體
    1)某些形容詞加上定冠詞可以泛指一類人,與謂語動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry
    The poor are losing hope.
    2)有關(guān)國家和民族的形容詞加上定冠詞指這個民族的整體,與動詞的復(fù)數(shù)連用。
    the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
    The English have wonderful sense of humor.
    多個形容詞修飾名詞的順序
    多個形容詞修飾名詞時,其順序為:
    限定詞—數(shù)詞—描繪詞—(大小,長短,形狀,新舊,顏色) —出處—材料性質(zhì)/類別—名詞
    a small round table
    a tall gray building
    a dirty old brown shirt
    a famous German medical school
    an expensive Japanese sports car