可數(shù)不可數(shù)千萬(wàn)別馬虎

字號(hào):

英語(yǔ)中的名詞按其表示的事物性質(zhì)的不同可分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。這兩種名詞在用法上是有區(qū)別的,現(xiàn)歸納如下:
    一、可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)、復(fù)數(shù)之分,如:
    map → maps onion → onions baker → bakers
    不可數(shù)名詞沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式,只有單數(shù)形式。如:
    some water a lot of bread
    二、單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞表示泛指時(shí),前面要用不定冠詞 a (an) ;而不可數(shù)名詞不能用 a (an) .如:
    Li Hong is a driver. I am a teacher. 李紅是一名司機(jī),我是一名教師。
    We can’t see milk on the table. 我們看不見(jiàn)桌上有牛奶。
    [ 友情提醒 ] 在表示特指時(shí),不可數(shù)名詞和可數(shù)名詞前都要用定冠詞 the .如:
    Pass me the ball, please. 請(qǐng)把球傳給我。
    The chicken on the plate is yours. 盤(pán)子里的雞肉是你的。
    三、可數(shù)名詞表示復(fù)數(shù)意義時(shí)可用 many 等詞修飾。如:
    many apples a lot of tomatoes a few pens
    不可數(shù)名詞則要用 much 、 a little 等詞修飾。如:
    much meat a little breadlittle water
    [ 友情提醒 ] 這兩類名詞都可以被 some 、 any 、 a lot of (lost of) 等修飾。如: some eggs/ paper (紙)。
    A lot of (lots of) knives / orange juice
    四、可數(shù)名詞前通??捎镁唧w的數(shù)詞來(lái)修飾。如:
    three women
    ten babies
    不可數(shù)名詞表示數(shù)量的多少時(shí),必須與表示數(shù)量的名詞連用,即“數(shù)詞 + 表示數(shù)量的名詞(可數(shù)名詞) + of + 不可數(shù)名詞”。如:
    two glasses of milk 兩杯牛奶
    five pieces of bread 五片面包
    五、可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的單、復(fù)數(shù)須保持一致。不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能用單數(shù)形式。如:
    There is some rice in the bowl. 碗里有些米飯。
    All the students are in the classroom. 所有的學(xué)生都在教室里。
    [ 友情提醒 ] 如果不可數(shù)名詞前有復(fù)數(shù)名詞短語(yǔ)修飾時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如:
    There are two bags of rice in the room. 房間里有兩袋子大米。
    六、對(duì)可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)用 how many ;對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量提問(wèn)要用 how much ,但對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞前表示數(shù)量名詞中的修飾語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí)要用 how many .
    如:
    I can see two pictures on the wall. → How many pictures can you see on the wall?
    There is a lot of pork in the basket. → How much pork is there in the basket?
    I want three glasses of water. → How many glasses of water do you want?
    七、另外,有些集合名詞也是可數(shù)中詞,但不同的是,它們以單數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),表示復(fù)數(shù)概念,如 people, police, family 等;而有些可數(shù)名詞本身就以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn),如 clothes, glasses (眼鏡)等;有的可數(shù)名詞單、復(fù)數(shù)形式相同,如 Japanese, sheep, Chinese 等。如:
    The Chinese people are hardworking and brave. 中國(guó)人民勤勞勇敢。
    The sports clothes are new. 這些運(yùn)動(dòng)服是新的。
    I have one sheep. He has two sheep. 我有一只羊,他有三只羊。