代詞精講(10)

字號(hào):

3.10 疑問(wèn)代詞
    1) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):
    指人: who, whom, whose
    指物: what
    既可指人又可指物: which
    2) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
    疑問(wèn)代詞:Whose are these books on the desk?   桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
    What was the directional flow of U. S. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?
    限定詞:Whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
    What events led to most of the east of the Mississippi River becoming part of the United States?
    哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?
    說(shuō)明1:無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)。例如:
    Which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?
    What girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
    說(shuō)明2:Whom是who的賓格,在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:
    Who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
    Who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書(shū)帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)
    To whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話(huà)了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞后,不能用who取代。)
    說(shuō)明3: 疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句末。例如:
    For what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
    What are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))
    說(shuō)明4: 疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
    I can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。
    Can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed?  你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?
    Much of what you say I agree with, but I cannot go all the way with you.
    你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。