英語講義【55】形容詞的位置

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形容詞的位置及其在句中的排列次序,都有語法準則可遁,不可隨心所欲,恣意安插。
    在每個英語句子中,如果形容詞位置錯了或一句中幾個連續(xù)性的形容詞排列不正確的話,便會有錯誤,甚至意思也跟著改變。
    一般上說,形容詞的位置是緊貼在被修飾的名詞前面;不然的話,就跟在接系動詞(linking verb)后面充當補足語(complement)。例如:
    ① Sam is an industrious professional designer.
    ② What is it that bulky box? May I know?
    ③ Homeless cats are seen wandering about the field.
    ④ David looks cheerful everyday.
    ⑤ Janet is being nasty today.
    ⑥ The sky suddenly turned dark.
    ①-③里的形容詞修飾它們后頭的名詞;④-⑥里的形容詞是補足語。
    下面要討論的不是形容詞的正常位置,而是在各種特殊情況下所處的特殊位置。這些特殊情況,主要有下列七種:
    ㈠形容詞被其他詞語修飾時,便要跟在所修飾的名詞后面,如:
    ⑦ This hole←large←enough for a dog to pass through must be blocked up.
    ⑧ Don't throw away that filing cabinet←big←enough to keep all the old documents.
    ㈡兩個意思相反的形容詞并用時,也是要跟在被修飾的名詞后面,如:
    ⑨ We should be fair to all people, big and small, young and old.
    ㈢形容詞修飾“anything, something, nothing, everything” 等代名詞時,也要在后頭出現(xiàn),如:
    ⑩ There is nothing funny about it.
    11. Something important has been found.
    ㈣在某些固定的詞語中,形容詞在名詞后頭出現(xiàn),如:
    12. Military offenders will be sued in the court-martial. (軍事法庭)
    13. The sum total (總數(shù)) of his teaching experience is two years as a relief teacher in a secondary school.
    14. Since time immemorial (太古時代), human beings have fought for survival.
    ㈤在某些口語中,形容詞也跟在被修飾的名詞之后,如:
    15. On Sunday last (上星期日);16. On Monday next (下星期一);17. Volume one (第一卷);18. Chaper two (第二章); 19. Page three (第三頁)。
    ㈥有時,為了加強句子語氣,形容詞可以放在句首,如:
    20. Brave he may be, but he is not a good soldier.
    21. Old though Jane is, she is healthy and energetic.
    ㈦另一種強調方法,是把意義相吸的幾個形容詞貫串起來,放在名詞之后,如:
    22. Once upon a time, there lived a grey-haired king, hale and hearty.
    23. The editor was a scientiest, original, sagacious and inventive.