英語中的分詞分兩種：現(xiàn)在分詞（the present participle）和過去分詞（the past participle）。雖然它們?cè)诰渥又卸伎勺髅~修飾語、接系動(dòng)詞補(bǔ)足語、賓語補(bǔ)足語等，但是它們形式不同，而且語義也有差別。
現(xiàn)在從四方面舉例說明。
⒈現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行的（例①-③）；過去分詞的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成的（例④-⑥）：
① The boiling water is hot.
② A sleeping baby is good to look at.
③ She has a smiling face.
④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.
⑤ Where is my lost key?
⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.
有時(shí)，由于兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞“異詞同義”，其分詞也跟著不同 ，如：
⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?
b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?
⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.
b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?
⒉在語義上，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人……”的含義（見例⑨）；過去分詞則有“感到……”的意思（見例⑩）：
⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人緊張）
⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高興）
其他例子有：
● amazing: amazed;
● annoying: annoyed;
● boring: bored;
● confusing: confused;
● surprising: surprised;
● terrifying: terrified
試比較11a和b以及12a和b:
11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.
11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.
12a. David came with some surprising news.
12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.
⒊在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如果賓語是有關(guān)分詞邏輯上的主語，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
13. The teacher found a student dozing off.
14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.
如果賓語和有關(guān)分詞有“動(dòng)詞+賓語”關(guān)系，那么這個(gè)分詞就要是過去分詞了，如：
15. Where did you get your book printed?
16. You should have your office whitewashed.
在13里，正在打瞌睡的是賓語“a student”; 在14里，賓語是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的賓語是“books”; 16里， “whitewashed”的賓語是“his office”。
4.分詞短語相當(dāng)于副詞從句，但現(xiàn)在式表示的是主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如例，過去式表示被動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如：
17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.
18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.
現(xiàn)在從四方面舉例說明。
⒈現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的和正在進(jìn)行的（例①-③）；過去分詞的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的和完成的（例④-⑥）：
① The boiling water is hot.
② A sleeping baby is good to look at.
③ She has a smiling face.
④ You can use the boiled water to make tea.
⑤ Where is my lost key?
⑥ A broken mirror cannot be repaired.
有時(shí)，由于兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞“異詞同義”，其分詞也跟著不同 ，如：
⑦a. Have you seen the man wearing a T-shirt?
b. Who is the man dressed in a blue shirt?
⑧a. His new book consisting of useful data has been well received.
b. Do you like the book made up of untrue stories?
⒉在語義上，現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞反映的心理狀態(tài)不同。前者有 “令人……”的含義（見例⑨）；過去分詞則有“感到……”的意思（見例⑩）：
⑨ The soccer match last night was thrilling.（令人緊張）
⑩ The soccer fans were delighted.（感到高興）
其他例子有：
● amazing: amazed;
● annoying: annoyed;
● boring: bored;
● confusing: confused;
● surprising: surprised;
● terrifying: terrified
試比較11a和b以及12a和b:
11a. This is the most confusing system I have ever seen.
11b. The children will get confused if asked to learn too much at a time.
12a. David came with some surprising news.
12b. All were surprised at Sam's sudden resignation.
⒊在作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，如果賓語是有關(guān)分詞邏輯上的主語，就用現(xiàn)在分詞，如：
13. The teacher found a student dozing off.
14. Don't keep the visitor waiting.
如果賓語和有關(guān)分詞有“動(dòng)詞+賓語”關(guān)系，那么這個(gè)分詞就要是過去分詞了，如：
15. Where did you get your book printed?
16. You should have your office whitewashed.
在13里，正在打瞌睡的是賓語“a student”; 在14里，賓語是 “the visitor”。15里，“printed”的賓語是“books”; 16里， “whitewashed”的賓語是“his office”。
4.分詞短語相當(dāng)于副詞從句，但現(xiàn)在式表示的是主動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如例，過去式表示被動(dòng)的行動(dòng)，如：
17 Entering the room, she found the wall newly painted.
18 Written in haste, the essay had some errors.