英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有限定（finite）和非限定（non-finite）兩類。
句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（predicative verb）是限定的；限定動(dòng)詞受人稱（person）和數(shù)目（number）的限制。此外，還有時(shí)態(tài)（tense ）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（voice）和情態(tài)（mood）等。例如：
① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.
② Jason is giving a public lecture.
③ Who did it?
④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.
在句子中可以施展其他功能的動(dòng)詞是非限定動(dòng)詞；這些動(dòng)詞具有一般動(dòng)詞的許多特性，但沒(méi)有“人稱”和“數(shù)目”的限制。
非限定動(dòng)詞分三種：不定式動(dòng)詞（the infinitive）; 分詞（ the participle）; 動(dòng)名詞（the gerund）; 分詞又分現(xiàn)在分詞（ the present participle）和過(guò)去分詞（the past participle）。
例如：
⑤ Tom found the prescribed text hard to read.
⑥ Helen has a smiling face.
⑦ Your written English is good.
⑧ Smoking is harmful to health.
⑤里的是不定式動(dòng)詞；⑥里的是現(xiàn)在分詞；⑦里的是過(guò)去分詞；
⑧里的是動(dòng)名詞。
非限定動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法功能龐大，涉及下列五方面：
㈠ 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)
不定式動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞都可當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)，取代名詞和代名詞。例如：
⑨ To swim in a warm day is joyful.
⑩ Swimming makes us hale and hearty.
㈡ 當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
可當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的句子成分也可當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
● A good government's desire is serving the people.
● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.
同樣的，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞也可充當(dāng)接系動(dòng)詞（the linking verb）的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
● The witness's evidence is quite convincing.
● At long last, John was fully convinced.
㈢ 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)
不定式動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞都可充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
● The baby wanted to drink milk.
● Janet suddenly stopped talking.
它們也可以成為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但除了“except, but, about, than”之外，介詞的賓語(yǔ)多數(shù)是動(dòng)名詞。
例如：
I am tired of repeating the same point.
Most of us desired nothing except to succeed.
Betty did nothing useful but talk（不帶“to”）。
That weak old man is about to die.
㈣ 當(dāng)名詞修飾語(yǔ)
Don't disturb the sleeping dog.（現(xiàn)在分詞）
Can you remove the damaged machine?（過(guò)去分詞）
That is the only thing to do.（不定式動(dòng)詞）
The sailors came in a fishing boat.（動(dòng)名詞）
㈤ 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞修飾語(yǔ)
Walking along the road, he came across a friend.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)）
Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)）
The athlete stopped to take a rest?（不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）
Peter came running.（動(dòng)名詞）
句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（predicative verb）是限定的；限定動(dòng)詞受人稱（person）和數(shù)目（number）的限制。此外，還有時(shí)態(tài)（tense ）、語(yǔ)態(tài)（voice）和情態(tài)（mood）等。例如：
① Good leaders serve the people whole-heartedly.
② Jason is giving a public lecture.
③ Who did it?
④ I would appreciate it if you could do me a favour.
在句子中可以施展其他功能的動(dòng)詞是非限定動(dòng)詞；這些動(dòng)詞具有一般動(dòng)詞的許多特性，但沒(méi)有“人稱”和“數(shù)目”的限制。
非限定動(dòng)詞分三種：不定式動(dòng)詞（the infinitive）; 分詞（ the participle）; 動(dòng)名詞（the gerund）; 分詞又分現(xiàn)在分詞（ the present participle）和過(guò)去分詞（the past participle）。
例如：
⑤ Tom found the prescribed text hard to read.
⑥ Helen has a smiling face.
⑦ Your written English is good.
⑧ Smoking is harmful to health.
⑤里的是不定式動(dòng)詞；⑥里的是現(xiàn)在分詞；⑦里的是過(guò)去分詞；
⑧里的是動(dòng)名詞。
非限定動(dòng)詞及其短語(yǔ)，語(yǔ)法功能龐大，涉及下列五方面：
㈠ 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)
不定式動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞都可當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)，取代名詞和代名詞。例如：
⑨ To swim in a warm day is joyful.
⑩ Swimming makes us hale and hearty.
㈡ 當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
可當(dāng)主語(yǔ)的句子成分也可當(dāng)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
● A good government's desire is serving the people.
● What is difficult is to hoodwink the public indefinitely.
同樣的，現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞也可充當(dāng)接系動(dòng)詞（the linking verb）的補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
● The witness's evidence is quite convincing.
● At long last, John was fully convinced.
㈢ 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)
不定式動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)名詞都可充當(dāng)及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。例如：
● The baby wanted to drink milk.
● Janet suddenly stopped talking.
它們也可以成為介詞的賓語(yǔ)，但除了“except, but, about, than”之外，介詞的賓語(yǔ)多數(shù)是動(dòng)名詞。
例如：
I am tired of repeating the same point.
Most of us desired nothing except to succeed.
Betty did nothing useful but talk（不帶“to”）。
That weak old man is about to die.
㈣ 當(dāng)名詞修飾語(yǔ)
Don't disturb the sleeping dog.（現(xiàn)在分詞）
Can you remove the damaged machine?（過(guò)去分詞）
That is the only thing to do.（不定式動(dòng)詞）
The sailors came in a fishing boat.（動(dòng)名詞）
㈤ 當(dāng)動(dòng)詞修飾語(yǔ)
Walking along the road, he came across a friend.（現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)）
Extremely frightened, the picnickers fled.（過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)）
The athlete stopped to take a rest?（不定式動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)）
Peter came running.（動(dòng)名詞）