英語講義【116】名詞句型的優(yōu)點

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英語中常用不同結(jié)構(gòu)的句子來表達相同或相近的一個意思。例如: 
    ① Young people prefer pop songs.
    ② Young people have a preference for pop songs.
    ①和②的語義相同,但是它們的句子結(jié)構(gòu)不同。①的結(jié)構(gòu)是“主語+動詞+賓語”;②的是“主語+動詞+名詞+介詞+賓語”。②中所用的動詞通常是“have, give, do, make, take, bring”等。
    ①是個很常見的簡單句;②是個重要的名詞句型(Noun Pattern),也很普遍。在一般情況下, 寫像①這樣的句子或②這樣的名詞句型,都沒問題,都很正確,但是若要使句子發(fā)揮更良好的效果,在某些情況下,就要采用像②的名詞句型了。
    這個句型的優(yōu)點如下:
    1. 使語義模棱兩可的句子的意思更明朗,如: 
    ③ The Doctor looked at Helen.
    a. The Doctor took a look at Helen.
    b. The Doctor gave Helen a knowing look.
    ③含有③a和③b的意思。③a的“看”和醫(yī)生專業(yè)有關(guān);③b的“看”就和醫(yī)生專業(yè)無關(guān)。同樣的,④的意思,不如(4)a和(4)b清楚:
    ④ She washed.(洗滌)
    a. She had a wash.(洗澡)
    b. She did some washing.(洗衣服)
    2.名詞句型中的修飾語較易使用,也較自然;例如:⑤a和⑤b里用副詞修飾動詞或另一個副詞,不如⑥a和⑥b里用形容詞修飾名詞自然易解:
    ⑤a. The old man recovered spectacularly.
    ⑤b. The old man recovered extraordinarily rapidily.
    ⑥a. The old man made a spectacular recovery.
    ⑥b. The old man made an extraordinarily rapid recovery.
    3.名詞句型在詞語重點的處理上較方便。例如⑦a的強調(diào)點,就不如⑦b明顯;
    ⑦a. That new system won't really harm you.
    b. That new system won't do you any real harm.
    4.名詞句型較易使句子或上下文保持平衡。例如⑧a的答語就不如⑧b四平八穩(wěn):
    ⑧What do you often do after lunch?
    a. I sleep. / I rest.
    b. I have a sleep. / I take a rest.
    5.名詞句型可以回避主語的或賓語的不定代詞(Indefinite Pronoun),因為這種代詞含義較籠統(tǒng)。例如⑨a和⑩a中的不定代詞“something”和“someone”不必在⑨)b和⑩b中出現(xiàn),使后二句意思顯明多多:
    ⑨a. Something exploded last night.
    b. There was an explosion last night.
    ⑩a. The gangster murdered someone.
    b. The gangster committed a murder.
    綜上所述,名詞句型雖然顯得長些,但也有不少優(yōu)點,不容忽視。如果能在上述5種情況下,運用名詞句型,句子的結(jié)構(gòu)不但正確而且含義更好、更吸引人。