第3課
倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
謂語(yǔ)部分所有單詞都放在主語(yǔ)前是全部倒裝。謂語(yǔ)的一部分放在主語(yǔ)的前面是部分倒裝。
謂語(yǔ)中的一部分通常是指：1、系動(dòng)詞；2、助動(dòng)詞；3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
全部倒裝的五條原則：
1. There be句型（表示有）；
2. 以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come或go；
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be； Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞則用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
5. 以狀語(yǔ)（常見的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）開頭的句子。
部分倒裝的六條原則：
1. so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝；
nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；
2. 省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
3. as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語(yǔ)可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語(yǔ)，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語(yǔ)的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語(yǔ)。
being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復(fù)正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ；
seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語(yǔ)：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償； make-up tests 補(bǔ)考（緩考）。
6. 注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時(shí)的情況。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。
強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …
又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡栐~，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so ...
但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語(yǔ)成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)外就要與比較級(jí)搭配，不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形；
平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步：
1 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞（不能加動(dòng)詞原形，不能加句子）。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 you keeping 也是正確的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考慮。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。
倒裝：倒裝有全部倒裝和部分倒裝。
謂語(yǔ)部分所有單詞都放在主語(yǔ)前是全部倒裝。謂語(yǔ)的一部分放在主語(yǔ)的前面是部分倒裝。
謂語(yǔ)中的一部分通常是指：1、系動(dòng)詞；2、助動(dòng)詞；3、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。
全部倒裝的五條原則：
1. There be句型（表示有）；
2. 以There或now開頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為come或go；
There you go again. 你又去那里了。
3. 以Here開頭的句子，且句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為系動(dòng)詞be； Here you are. 拿去。
4. 以副詞out, in, up, down, away開頭的句子；
在2、3、4前提下，如果句子的主語(yǔ)是代詞則用陳述句語(yǔ)序。
5. 以狀語(yǔ)（常見的是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）開頭的句子。
部分倒裝的六條原則：
1. so放在句首時(shí)表示承前肯定，這個(gè)句子用部分倒裝；
nor, neither放在句首時(shí)表示承前否定，句子也用部分倒裝；
2. 省略了引導(dǎo)詞if 的虛擬條件從句，可以把從句中的had, should, could, were中的任何一個(gè)提到從句前面的位置，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
3. as, though表示“盡管”時(shí)引導(dǎo)從句，從句中的表語(yǔ)可以置于引導(dǎo)詞之前構(gòu)成部分倒裝；
系動(dòng)詞后面的部分就是表語(yǔ)，形容詞、名詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)可以置于系動(dòng)詞之后。
例如：She is beautiful. They are students.
四級(jí)考試中出現(xiàn)的是由動(dòng)詞的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)變的形容詞作表語(yǔ)的形式。
26. _B_ as it was at such a time, his work attracted much attention.
A Being published B Published C Publishing D To be published
當(dāng)題干是as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)從句，且as前為一個(gè)空格時(shí)他表示的就是盡管，空格處要填的就是表語(yǔ)。
being published 正在被出版； to be published 將要被出版。
此句恢復(fù)正常語(yǔ)序應(yīng)為： As it was published at such a time …
4. 表示否定含義的單詞或短語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；
常見的一些表示否定含義的單詞：never, little, few, hardly (… when), scarcely (… when) ；
seldom 難得，不常；nowhere 哪里都不。
常見的一些表示否定含義的短語(yǔ)：in no way 決不； on no account 決不；
under no circumstances 在任何情況下都不。
5. only + 狀語(yǔ)放在句首，句子用部分倒裝；（如果only去掉就是全部倒裝）
43. Only under special circumstances _C_ to take make-up tests.
A permitted are freshmen B freshmen are permitted
C are freshmen permitted D are permitted freshmen
freshmen 新生； make up for 彌補(bǔ)，補(bǔ)償； make-up tests 補(bǔ)考（緩考）。
6. 注意兩個(gè)表達(dá)形式：come what may 無(wú)論發(fā)生什么情況； say what you will 暢所欲言。
-------------------------1991-06-------------------------
強(qiáng)調(diào)句式的補(bǔ)充內(nèi)容：被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是疑問詞時(shí)的情況。
60. When I try to understand _C_ that prevents so many Americans from being as happy as one might expect, it seems to me that there are two causes.
A why it does B what it does C what it is D why it is
prevent sb. from doing sth. 妨礙（阻止）某人做某事。
強(qiáng)調(diào)部分本為： it is what that prevents so many …
又因?yàn)榫渲杏幸蓡栐~，應(yīng)寫為： what is it that prevents so ...
但強(qiáng)調(diào)句式在句中作賓語(yǔ)成分，故正確寫法為： what it is that …
50. I like watching TV _C_ to the cinema.
A more than to go B than going C more than going D rather than to go
than 除構(gòu)成固定短語(yǔ)外就要與比較級(jí)搭配，不會(huì)單獨(dú)出現(xiàn)； rather than + 動(dòng)詞原形；
平行結(jié)構(gòu)，遇到平行結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)應(yīng)做的兩步：
1 找出連接詞，2 使要填部分與已給出的對(duì)應(yīng)部分形式完全一樣。
51. I appreciate _D_ to your home.
A to be invited B to have invited C having invited D being invited
appreciate + 動(dòng)名詞（不能加動(dòng)詞原形，不能加句子）。
41. I would appreciate _B_ it a secret.
A you to keep B your keeping C that you keep D that you will keep
your keeping 動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。 you keeping 也是正確的。
52. I hope my teacher will take my recent illness into _C_ when judging my examination.
A regard B counting C account D observation
take sth. into account 考慮。
54. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _C_ all their time.
A take away B take over C take up [占據(jù)] D take in
55. When I was very young, I was terribly frightened of school, but I soon ___ it.
A got off B got across C got away D got over
got over it 克服戰(zhàn)勝。