英語語法規(guī)定，用于賓語的詞語應(yīng)使用它們的賓格。能夠用做賓語的詞類中只有人稱代詞有特別的賓格形式，其他詞類如名詞原形即可用于賓格，無須變化。詞與詞之間的固定搭配屬于英語的慣用法。一些動(dòng)詞與它們用于賓語的名詞之間也存在固定搭配現(xiàn)象。
【例如】
to acquire knowledge
獲得知識
to get a job
獲得工作
to obtain a position
獲得工作(語氣較莊重)
to achieve success
獲得成功
to gain reputation
獲得聲譽(yù)
to attain one's end
達(dá)到目的
to do sb. a favor
請幫忙
這類慣用法沒有太多的章法可循,只有在平時(shí)的閱讀中多看，多記。
時(shí)態(tài)一致
時(shí)態(tài)一致
1)并列謂語的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
【例如】Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.
The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.
2)主從復(fù)合句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
a)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按情況而定。
【例如】
I wonder what will happen tomorrow.
I wonder what happened to him yesterday.
I wonder what is happening now outside.
b)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句一般用過去時(shí)態(tài)。如果賓語從句說明的是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【例如】
He told me he made a big mistake.
He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
He told he had finished his task.
The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.(客觀真理)
3)定語從句和比較狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句影響。
【例如】
The universityswhereshe is studying was founded in 1950.
You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.
4)時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
【例如】
We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.
I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
集合名詞的主謂一致
集合名詞作主語時(shí)，主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問題。對此類問題我們可以從“數(shù)”的角度分為四類。
1)單數(shù)—復(fù)數(shù)型。凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類。如：a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性，即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來看待。屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
The government has decided to pass the bill.
【例如】
to acquire knowledge
獲得知識
to get a job
獲得工作
to obtain a position
獲得工作(語氣較莊重)
to achieve success
獲得成功
to gain reputation
獲得聲譽(yù)
to attain one's end
達(dá)到目的
to do sb. a favor
請幫忙
這類慣用法沒有太多的章法可循,只有在平時(shí)的閱讀中多看，多記。
時(shí)態(tài)一致
時(shí)態(tài)一致
1)并列謂語的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
【例如】Yesterday I went shopping, bought some books and had dinner at a good restaurant.
The soldier looked at him, exchanged glances with his comrade and took out the gun.
2)主從復(fù)合句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。
a)主句為現(xiàn)在時(shí)、將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，賓語從句謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)按情況而定。
【例如】
I wonder what will happen tomorrow.
I wonder what happened to him yesterday.
I wonder what is happening now outside.
b)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)，賓語從句一般用過去時(shí)態(tài)。如果賓語從句說明的是客觀真理，用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
【例如】
He told me he made a big mistake.
He told me he would go to Beijing the next day.
He told he had finished his task.
The teacher told students that the earth moves around the sun.(客觀真理)
3)定語從句和比較狀語從句時(shí)態(tài)不受主句影響。
【例如】
The universityswhereshe is studying was founded in 1950.
You now speak English better than you spoke it last year.
4)時(shí)間和條件狀語從句中，常用現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
【例如】
We will cancel our trip if it rains tomorrow.
I will go to visit the Summer Palace as soon as I arrive in Beijing.
集合名詞的主謂一致
集合名詞作主語時(shí)，主謂一致關(guān)系是一個(gè)較為復(fù)雜的問題。對此類問題我們可以從“數(shù)”的角度分為四類。
1)單數(shù)—復(fù)數(shù)型。凡是有復(fù)數(shù)詞尾變化形式的集合名詞都屬于此類。如：a class—classes; a family—families; a government—governments; an army—armies; a people—peoples; a group—groups; a crowd—crowds; a crew—crews等。這類集合名詞強(qiáng)調(diào)的是整體性，即當(dāng)作一個(gè)整體或多個(gè)整體來看待。屬于這類集合名詞的單數(shù)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
【例如】
A big crowd often gathers on the square every morning.
The government has decided to pass the bill.