高考英語(yǔ)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞巧記巧用
一、接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)
在下列8個(gè)動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同：
remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過)
forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過)
regret to do (遺憾地做) regret doing(后悔做了)
try to do(設(shè)法做) try doing(試做)
go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事)
mean to do(打算做) mean doing(意味著)
stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能幫助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
1. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ________ that. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
【分析】答案選D。由語(yǔ)境可知“我”“后悔”在會(huì)上提出異議，應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞。
2. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh，I forgot ________. (全國(guó)卷)
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
【分析】答案選C。表示忘記做某事，事情還沒做，forget后接不定式。
3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (上海卷)
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait D. to be waiting
【分析】答案選A。由語(yǔ)境可知句中的mean表示“意味著”，后接不定式。
4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
【分析】答案選C。休息是停下來的目的，且發(fā)生在stop之后，用接不定式的一般式。
5. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to do B. doing
C. with D. to be doing
【分析】答案選A。表示做完一事后“接著做”另一事，go on后接不定式。
二、表示未成實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)
表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即表示“本打算 / 想 / 希望做某事”但事實(shí)上卻沒做的事情，用plan, intend, mean; want, hope, wish, expect等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)，加不定式的一般式，或者這類動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，加不定式的完成式；was / were, would / should like加不定式的完成式；was / were going加不定式的一般式。如：
I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【分析】答案選B。由句意可知，是表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望，用“would love+不定式完成式”。句意是：昨晚我本想去參加聚會(huì)的，但是…(from www.nmet168.com)
三、要接動(dòng)名詞的含有介詞的常用句型
在介詞后一般用動(dòng)名詞，下面是一些含介詞的固定句式(其中有的介詞有時(shí)會(huì)被省略)：prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth. from doing (阻止…做…)；spend / waste time or money in doing (在做…方面花費(fèi) / 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢)；How / What about doing sth. (做…怎么樣？)；have some difficulty / trouble in doing (在做…方面有些困難)；have a hard time in doing sth. (做某事很艱難); there is no sense in doing(做…是沒有理由 / 道理的)；thank (excuse / admire / praise / blame / scold / punish) sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感謝 / 羨慕 / 表?yè)P(yáng) / 責(zé)備某人)等。如：
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. (福建卷)
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed D. passing
【分析】答案選D。因?yàn)閔ave a hard time (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困難。
2. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. (上海卷)
A. to watch B. to watching
C. watching D. watch
【分析】答案選C。spend some time (in) doing sth. 做某事花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
3. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing ________ again. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to happen B. from happening
C. happened D. happen
【分析】答案選B。prevent sb. / sth. from doing 阻止…做…。
4. Did you have trouble ________ the post office? (全國(guó)卷)
A. to have found B. with finding
C. to find D. in finding
【分析】答案選D。have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth. 在做方面有困難。
四、to是介詞的常用固定結(jié)構(gòu)
to是介詞和固定詞組很多，常見的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to / be devoted to(致力于), be / get used to(習(xí)慣), lead to(導(dǎo)致), get down to(開始認(rèn)真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(談到), point to(指向), turn to(轉(zhuǎn)向), object to(反對(duì)), equal to(等于、能勝任), belong to(屬于)等。如：
1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children. (上海卷)
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
【分析】答案選B。devote…to…中to是介詞，接動(dòng)名詞；all是devote的賓語(yǔ)，he had是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句。
2. The discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海卷)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
【分析】答案選C。lead to中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞；邏輯主語(yǔ)the thief與catch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式(from www.nmet168.com)。
3. She looks forward every spring to ________ the flower-lined garden. (上海卷)
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
【分析】答案選D。look forward to中to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞。再說，若visit用作名詞，后面要加介詞to，才可接賓語(yǔ)，排除A和B；walk作名詞，表示散步，僅用于go for / take / have a walk等結(jié)構(gòu)，排除C。
一、接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)
在下列8個(gè)動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式和接動(dòng)名詞意義不同：
remember to do(記住去做) remember doing(記得做過)
forget to do(忘記去做) forget doing(忘記做過)
regret to do (遺憾地做) regret doing(后悔做了)
try to do(設(shè)法做) try doing(試做)
go on to do(接著做另一事) go on doing(繼續(xù)做同一事)
mean to do(打算做) mean doing(意味著)
stop to do(停下來去做) stop doing(停止做)
can’t help to do(不能幫助做) can’t help doing(情不自禁做)
1. —You were brave enough to raise objection at the meeting.
—Well, now I regret ________ that. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to do B. to be doing
C. to have done D. having done
【分析】答案選D。由語(yǔ)境可知“我”“后悔”在會(huì)上提出異議，應(yīng)接動(dòng)名詞。
2. —The light in the office is still on.
—Oh，I forgot ________. (全國(guó)卷)
A. turning it off B. turn it off
C. to turn it off D. having turned it off
【分析】答案選C。表示忘記做某事，事情還沒做，forget后接不定式。
3. In some parts of London, missing a bus means ________ for another hour. (上海卷)
A. waiting B. to wait
C. wait D. to be waiting
【分析】答案選A。由語(yǔ)境可知句中的mean表示“意味著”，后接不定式。
4. She reached the top of the hill and stopped ________ on a big rock by the side of the path. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to have rested B. resting
C. to rest D. rest
【分析】答案選C。休息是停下來的目的，且發(fā)生在stop之后，用接不定式的一般式。
5. Go on ________ the other exercise after you have finished this one. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to do B. doing
C. with D. to be doing
【分析】答案選A。表示做完一事后“接著做”另一事，go on后接不定式。
二、表示未成實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算的動(dòng)詞和短語(yǔ)
表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或打算，即表示“本打算 / 想 / 希望做某事”但事實(shí)上卻沒做的事情，用plan, intend, mean; want, hope, wish, expect等動(dòng)詞的過去完成時(shí)，加不定式的一般式，或者這類動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)，加不定式的完成式；was / were, would / should like加不定式的完成式；was / were going加不定式的一般式。如：
I would love ________ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to go B. to have gone
C. going D. having gone
【分析】答案選B。由句意可知，是表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的期望，用“would love+不定式完成式”。句意是：昨晚我本想去參加聚會(huì)的，但是…(from www.nmet168.com)
三、要接動(dòng)名詞的含有介詞的常用句型
在介詞后一般用動(dòng)名詞，下面是一些含介詞的固定句式(其中有的介詞有時(shí)會(huì)被省略)：prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth. from doing (阻止…做…)；spend / waste time or money in doing (在做…方面花費(fèi) / 浪費(fèi)時(shí)間或金錢)；How / What about doing sth. (做…怎么樣？)；have some difficulty / trouble in doing (在做…方面有些困難)；have a hard time in doing sth. (做某事很艱難); there is no sense in doing(做…是沒有理由 / 道理的)；thank (excuse / admire / praise / blame / scold / punish) sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感謝 / 羨慕 / 表?yè)P(yáng) / 責(zé)備某人)等。如：
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. (福建卷)
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed D. passing
【分析】答案選D。因?yàn)閔ave a hard time (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困難。
2. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. (上海卷)
A. to watch B. to watching
C. watching D. watch
【分析】答案選C。spend some time (in) doing sth. 做某事花了多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。
3. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing ________ again. (全國(guó)卷)
A. to happen B. from happening
C. happened D. happen
【分析】答案選B。prevent sb. / sth. from doing 阻止…做…。
4. Did you have trouble ________ the post office? (全國(guó)卷)
A. to have found B. with finding
C. to find D. in finding
【分析】答案選D。have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth. 在做方面有困難。
四、to是介詞的常用固定結(jié)構(gòu)
to是介詞和固定詞組很多，常見的有：look forward to(盼望), devote…to / be devoted to(致力于), be / get used to(習(xí)慣), lead to(導(dǎo)致), get down to(開始認(rèn)真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(談到), point to(指向), turn to(轉(zhuǎn)向), object to(反對(duì)), equal to(等于、能勝任), belong to(屬于)等。如：
1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children. (上海卷)
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
【分析】答案選B。devote…to…中to是介詞，接動(dòng)名詞；all是devote的賓語(yǔ)，he had是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語(yǔ)從句。
2. The discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海卷)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
【分析】答案選C。lead to中的to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞；邏輯主語(yǔ)the thief與catch是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式(from www.nmet168.com)。
3. She looks forward every spring to ________ the flower-lined garden. (上海卷)
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
【分析】答案選D。look forward to中to是介詞，后接動(dòng)名詞。再說，若visit用作名詞，后面要加介詞to，才可接賓語(yǔ)，排除A和B；walk作名詞，表示散步，僅用于go for / take / have a walk等結(jié)構(gòu)，排除C。