誤區(qū)三 誤用語言規(guī)則
1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語
①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)
②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)
[解析] 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時看作一個整體,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),容易錯誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第①句的錯誤。
2. 由and連接的并列主語
①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,譯為“第20課即后一課”,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學們?nèi)菀族e誤理解“第20課和后一課”,如果表示兩課,應(yīng)該表達為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特別提醒 由and連接的并列主語表示同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),表示不同的概念時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 就近原則
①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×)
②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
[解析] neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(you , he)雖然表示兩個人,但根據(jù)語言規(guī)則,當它連接并列主語的時候,謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則,該由he決定,因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 類似的還有either . . . or,not only . . . but also,not . . . but,以及there be之后的并列主語,謂語動詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。
4. this kind of,a piece of,this pair of等短語作主語
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×)
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
[解析] trousers作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當它被this pair of修飾時謂語動詞由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 this kind of,a piece of,a bag of,a box of等,這類短語作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語中的名詞決定,而與它們所修飾的名詞無關(guān)。
5. the rest of, half of等短語作主語
①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)
②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
[解析] 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可數(shù)名詞,因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 all of,most of,half of,the rest of,以及a lot of,some,any+名詞作主語時,要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
6. 一句話提示
①合成不定代詞(如something,anybody等)作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù);
②動名詞、不定式、從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);
③a number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),the number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用單數(shù);
④none of . . . 作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
1. 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞作主語
①Ten years are quite a long time. (×)
②Ten years is quite a long time. (√)
[解析] 表示時間、距離、金錢、重量、數(shù)量等名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語時看作一個整體,謂語動詞要用單數(shù),容易錯誤理解為復(fù)數(shù)而出現(xiàn)第①句的錯誤。
2. 由and連接的并列主語
①The twentieth lesson and last lesson are very easy for students. (×)
②The twentieth lesson and last lesson is very easy for students. (√)
[解析] the twentieth lesson and last lesson是表示同一概念,譯為“第20課即后一課”,因此謂語動詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)。同學們?nèi)菀族e誤理解“第20課和后一課”,如果表示兩課,應(yīng)該表達為“the twentieth lesson and the last lesson”。
特別提醒 由and連接的并列主語表示同一概念時,謂語動詞用單數(shù),表示不同的概念時謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
3. 就近原則
①Neither you nor he have been to Beijing. (×)
②Neither you nor he has been to Beijing. (√)
[解析] neither . . . nor連接的并列主語(you , he)雖然表示兩個人,但根據(jù)語言規(guī)則,當它連接并列主語的時候,謂語動詞根據(jù)就近原則,該由he決定,因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 類似的還有either . . . or,not only . . . but also,not . . . but,以及there be之后的并列主語,謂語動詞的確定都根據(jù)“就近原則”。
4. this kind of,a piece of,this pair of等短語作主語
①This pair of trousers are very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (×)
②This pair of trousers is very new, but Tom’s trousers are very old. (√)
[解析] trousers作主語時,謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù),但當它被this pair of修飾時謂語動詞由pair的單復(fù)數(shù)確定。因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 this kind of,a piece of,a bag of,a box of等,這類短語作主語時謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由這些短語中的名詞決定,而與它們所修飾的名詞無關(guān)。
5. the rest of, half of等短語作主語
①Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it are very difficult. (×)
②Half of the students have finished most of the work. The rest of it is very difficult. (√)
[解析] 根據(jù)句意和句子結(jié)構(gòu)可以判斷the rest of it中的it,指the work,而work是不可數(shù)名詞,因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 all of,most of,half of,the rest of,以及a lot of,some,any+名詞作主語時,要根據(jù)后面的名詞確定謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。
6. 一句話提示
①合成不定代詞(如something,anybody等)作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù);
②動名詞、不定式、從句作主語時,謂語動詞用單數(shù);
③a number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用復(fù)數(shù),the number of +名詞(復(fù))作主語,謂語用單數(shù);
④none of . . . 作主語時,謂語動詞可用單數(shù),也可用復(fù)數(shù)。