句子的核心是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的確定取決于主語(yǔ)。根據(jù)句子含義和結(jié)構(gòu)認(rèn)準(zhǔn)主語(yǔ)是掌握主謂一致的必要條件;弄清主謂一致的語(yǔ)言規(guī)則和習(xí)慣是掌握主謂一致的充分條件,要正確使用主謂一致,兩個(gè)條件缺一不可,但同學(xué)們往往會(huì)走入以下三大誤區(qū)。
誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ)
1. 倒裝句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用are,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語(yǔ),一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),而介詞短語(yǔ)不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句,真正主語(yǔ)是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
2. 主語(yǔ)之后帶有介詞短語(yǔ)
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×)
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are,而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語(yǔ),like apples,oranges是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋(píng)果、桔子之類(lèi)的水果對(duì)我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:主語(yǔ)+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致,而與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語(yǔ)。
4. 定語(yǔ)從句
①I(mǎi) like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×)
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,用于修飾先行詞the photos,而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒(méi)有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì),只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。
特別提醒 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。
誤區(qū)一 誤認(rèn)主語(yǔ)
1. 倒裝句
①Between the two buildings are a big tree. (×)
②Between the two buildings is a big tree. (√)
[解析] 第①句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用are,錯(cuò)誤地認(rèn)為the two buildings是該句的主語(yǔ),但實(shí)際上是介詞between的賓語(yǔ),一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ),而介詞短語(yǔ)不能充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)。該句是一個(gè)倒裝句,真正主語(yǔ)是a big tree.因此第②句正確。
特別提醒 倒裝句的常見(jiàn)結(jié)構(gòu):副詞/介詞短語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+主語(yǔ)
2. 主語(yǔ)之后帶有介詞短語(yǔ)
①The fruit like apples, oranges are good for our health. (×)
②The fruit like apples, oranges is good for our health. (√)
[解析] 第①句誤認(rèn)為apples, oranges是主語(yǔ),因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用are,而實(shí)際上the fruit才是該句的主語(yǔ),like apples,oranges是介詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)修飾the fruit.該句譯為“像蘋(píng)果、桔子之類(lèi)的水果對(duì)我們的身體是有好處的”。因此第②句是正確的。
特別提醒 類(lèi)似的結(jié)構(gòu)有:主語(yǔ)+with / like / except / but / together with / as well as . . . ,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主語(yǔ)一致,而與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。
3. one of . . . + 名詞復(fù)數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)代詞
①There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys are from Canada. (×)
②There are twenty boys in our class. One of the boys is from Canada. (√)
[解析] one of the boys的中心詞是one,因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因主要是把the boys當(dāng)成了該句的主語(yǔ)。
4. 定語(yǔ)從句
①I(mǎi) like the photos which was taken in Beijing. (×)
②I like the photos which were taken in Beijing. (√)
[解析] which were taken in Beijing是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,用于修飾先行詞the photos,而which本身就代替先行詞the photos.因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù),造成第①句錯(cuò)誤的原因是沒(méi)有弄清楚關(guān)系詞which的實(shí)質(zhì),只是從形式上看它是單數(shù)。
特別提醒 定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與先行詞保持一致。