PP Test 2 語法題筆記
Test 2 1~40
1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant mineral constituent being quartz.
A. and its
B. since its
C. its
D. it is
答案：C
分析及考點：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。后面句子沒有謂語，所以不用連詞，A，B錯，D形成句子跟主句間又沒有連詞，且與being沖突。
參考譯文：沙子是由各種各樣的石頭風(fēng)化和分解而形成的，它含量多的礦物質(zhì)是石英。
2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.
A. Is active
B. That it is active
C. Active
D. While is active
答案：C
分析及考點：考狀語的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。全句的主語是groundhog，謂語hibernates。A謂語不能單獨存在。B that it is錯誤結(jié)構(gòu)。D缺從句主語。
參考譯文：土撥鼠一年中很多時候在白天都很活躍，到了冬天就在地洞中冬眠了。
3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and sporting goods.
A. to make
B. as made
C. making
D. to have made
答案：C
分析及考點：and連接兩個對稱的結(jié)構(gòu)，且介詞后面應(yīng)該跟動名詞。
參考譯文：榆樹的木頭用于造船和桶、家具、地板和運動器材的制作。
4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.
A. Alaska’s becoming
B. Alaska became
C. when Alaska became
D. Alaska to become
答案：B
分析及考點：and連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)前后都是完整句子。
參考譯文：1867年俄國把阿拉斯加賣給了美國，而阿拉斯加在1958年成為美國的第49個州。
5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.
A. all
B. all of
C. all of which
D. of all
答案：A
分析及考點：all和all of的用法。泛指的時候用all，特指復(fù)數(shù)用all of。
參考譯文：幾乎所有的國家都用十進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)。
6. _______ allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.
A. Sweat evaporates
B. When sweat evaporates
C. Sweat, the evaporation of which
D. The evaporation of sweat
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主語，allows是謂語。所以A,B錯。C中的sweat 和evaporation不形成同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，而且of which不存在的定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：汗的蒸發(fā)使得皮膚繼而是軀體變涼。
7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning _________just listening to or reading facts.
A. than
B. than is
C. whereas
D. in that
答案：A
分析及考點：比較結(jié)構(gòu)極其特點。
參考譯文：象記筆記的做法一般比僅僅聽或讀現(xiàn)象能導(dǎo)致更快的學(xué)習(xí)。
8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned _________ since its initial production debuted in 1957.
A. an international reputation and
B. an international reputation was
C. what an international reputation
D. an international reputation
答案：D
分析及考點：動詞earn的用法，及物動詞直接跟名詞賓語和名詞賓語補足語。Since這里是從句。A中and不存在對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。B中was使句子形成兩個謂語。C中不構(gòu)成what從句。
參考譯文：Dallas Civic Opera自從它1957年首次開張以來，一直享有國際性聲譽。
9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ________ of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in 1883.
A. first manager was
B. first manager
C. manager who first
D. manager was the first
答案：B
分析及考點：介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。Of前面加名詞。
參考譯文：1846年在Akron, Ohio出生，Henry Eugene Abbey1883年成為在紐約的Metropolitan Opera House的第一任主管。
10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are protected from weather by a roof.
A. when form
B. so form
C. form
D. that form
答案：D
分析及考點：定語從句。Form是動詞謂語，所以要么有從句，要么是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，A的話從句沒有主語。
參考譯文：有屋頂?shù)臉蚴怯媚玖辖ㄔ斓?，木料建成支持框架和地板，并有一個屋頂使其避免受惡劣天氣影響。
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
答案：A
分析及考點：狀語從句。詞序正常。主謂清楚。
參考譯文：盡管鶴經(jīng)常會被混淆成蒼鷺或鸛，他們還是能通過頭頂?shù)?露的紅色區(qū)域或裝飾羽毛跟那些鳥區(qū)分開來。
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
答案：C
分析及考點：比較級。
參考譯文：美國革命中在南卡羅來那州發(fā)生的戰(zhàn)斗比其他各州都要多。
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
答案：A
分析及考點：每個。。的表示。
參考譯文：棉花生長在全世界各地，每年生產(chǎn)有大約5千萬捆，每捆重近500磅的棉花。
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________ references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
答案：B
分析及考點：定語從句。
參考譯文：根據(jù)用于海軍艦船上的設(shè)備，自動航行系統(tǒng)包括為飛機(jī)課程提供參考的陀螺儀，
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
答案：A
分析及考點：前后部分形成對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，用and。
參考譯文：美國標(biāo)記術(shù)語包括4千多個標(biāo)記符號，有超過50萬人在使用。
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主語，and連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Clara Barton在1881年創(chuàng)建了美國紅十字會，并擔(dān)任了會長直到1904年。
17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
答案：C
分析及考點：主句在后半部分。A中what不形成引導(dǎo)從句，B形成主句而不是從句。D跟動詞meet矛盾。C形成正確的狀語從句。
參考譯文：當(dāng)兩種有不同特性的氣團(tuán)相遇的時候，一個成為“前區(qū)”的區(qū)域形成了。
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
答案：C
分析及考點：動詞use的用法，use sth to do sth。不定式表目的。
參考譯文：現(xiàn)今的農(nóng)民使用灌溉、施肥、大型機(jī)器和其他技術(shù)來產(chǎn)生高的作物產(chǎn)量。
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
答案：C
分析及考點：句子缺主語。D中who不形成定語從句。
參考譯文：Henry Knox供職為戰(zhàn)爭秘書，在聯(lián)邦條款和喬治華盛頓管理的美國憲法的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下。
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern
C. southern limit and approximately
D. limit that approximately southern
答案：A
分析及考點：介詞of 結(jié)構(gòu)中前面主體是名詞。Limit是名詞
參考譯文：密蘇里河的行進(jìn)路線標(biāo)注了大陸冰河作用南部的大致邊界。
21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.
A. which farmland
B. such farmland is there
C. farmland
D. it is farmland
答案：C
分析及考點：介詞后面直接跟名詞
參考譯文：印第安納州大約3/4是農(nóng)場。
22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.
A. its leaves
B. it leaves being
C. are its leaves
D. its leaves are
答案：D
分析及考點：while引導(dǎo)的句子缺主謂。
參考譯文：印第安人的畫筆，也被稱為著色的杯子，描繪的小花大多是綠色的，花的葉子會被明亮的著色。
23. _________ 70 species of cockroaches in the United States.
A. Since about
B. Are about
C. About
D. There are about
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主謂。
參考譯文：美國有大約70中蟑螂。
24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.
A. There is not
B. While not
C. What is not
D. It is not
答案：D
分析及考點：形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)。It是句子中不定式的形式主語。
參考譯文：實現(xiàn)等于重力千萬倍的離心力不是很難。
25. In the early nineteenth century a Conestoga wagon on a poor road could economically _________ light, fairly high-value goods over short distances.
A. only while carrying
B. carry only
C. it was only to carry
D. only carrying its
答案：B
分析及考點：句子缺謂語。情態(tài)動詞后面跟動詞原形。
參考譯文：在早期19世紀(jì)，馬拉的棚車在條件很差的道路上只能經(jīng)濟(jì)的短途運輸輕的、相對價值高的貨物。
26. The solid-bodied electric guitar mixes and amplifies vibrations from microphone contacts at different points _________ a range of tone qualities.
A. produce
B. to produce
C. a production
D. and producing
答案：B
分析及考點：不定式做目的狀語。
參考譯文：結(jié)實形體的電吉他把在各個不同點接觸的振動從麥克風(fēng)里混合和放大出來。
27. While the term “harmony” suggests a pleasant or agreeable sound, it is applied to any combination of notes, _________ consonant or dissonant.
A. which
B. such
C. neither
D. whether
答案：D
分析及考點：whether or not的變體。無論、不管。。。的意思
參考譯文：術(shù)語“和弦”表現(xiàn)的是一個舒適和令人愉悅的聲音。它適用于任何樂章的混合，無論協(xié)調(diào)或不協(xié)調(diào)的。
28. Most meteorites are thought to be fragments from asteroids, _________ some may be pieces from the heads of comets.
A. despite
B. either
C. although
D. but if
答案：C
分析及考點：表讓步關(guān)系連詞，用although連接前后兩個句子。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)隕石被認(rèn)為是小行星的碎片，盡管有一些可能是來自彗星頭的碎片。
29. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.
A. the first antibiotic to be discovered
B. when the first antibiotic to be discovered
C. the first antibiotic that discovered
D. was the first antibiotic to be discovered
答案：A
分析及考點：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞性短語。
參考譯文：盤尼西林，早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的抗生素，能殺死廣譜細(xì)菌。那些細(xì)菌很多能使人類生病。
30. Action painting emphasizes the physical act of applying paint to canvas, rather _________ picture as a finished work of art.
A. the
B. from the
C. than the
D. is the
答案：C
分析及考點：rather than固定搭配。
參考譯文：行為畫派強(qiáng)調(diào)的是肢體動作在帆布上運用油墨的過程，而不是已完成的畫面本身。
31. Contrary to popular belief, the basic instruments of the old jazz bands were not saxophones, _________ cornets and trumpets.
A. or not
B. but
C. instead
D. neither
答案：B
分析及考點：平行對稱的一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)not ..but
參考譯文：跟普遍的認(rèn)識相反，傳統(tǒng)爵士樂隊的基本樂器不是薩克斯，而是短號和小號。
32. _____ vary greatly in shape and form, depending upon both the growth pattern and the arrangement of polyps within the colony.
A. Since coral colonies
B. Coral colonies that
C. Coral colonies, although they
D. Coral colonies
答案：D
分析及考點：主句缺主語。
參考譯文：根據(jù)生長形式和珊瑚蟲的排列，珊瑚礁在形狀和構(gòu)成上變化很大，
33. The transition element cadmium is placed below zinc and above mercury in the periodic table, _______ many properties in common with these elements.
A. and its
B. and having
C. and it has
D. and
答案：C
分析及考點：and連接的平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。后面跟完整的句子。
參考譯文：在元素周期表中，過渡元素鎘放在鋅的后面和汞的前面，它有很多特性跟這些元素相似。
34. The covered wagons known as Conestogas were primarily used _________ of freight across the prairies of the United States.
A. heavy loads were carried
B. to carry heavy loads
C. the carrying of heavy loads
D. in heavy loads carrying
答案：B
分析及考點：動詞use的用法，加不定式表目的。
參考譯文：聞名的conestogas有蓋馬車在橫跨美國的大草原上主要用于運輸重型貨物。
35. The outstanding feature of copper and the other metals of Group IB in the Periodic Table is _________ chemical attack.
A. resists
B. to resisting
C. their resistance to
D. by resistance
答案：C
分析及考點：A動詞錯。B不定式跟動名詞錯。D，by作為手段應(yīng)加動名詞。C針對。。的攻擊，用介詞to。
參考譯文：元素周期表中銅和IB組中其他金屬的突出特性是他們對化學(xué)侵蝕的抵抗能力。
36. When _______ with atmospheric particles, they create many types of secondary particles, including positrons, mesons, and hyperons.
A. the collision of primary cosmic rays
B. primary cosmic rays collide
C. primary cosmic rays colliding
D. do primary cosmic rays collide
答案：B
分析及考點：狀語從句中，缺主謂。語義上collide應(yīng)該是動作。
參考譯文：當(dāng)主要的宇宙射線跟大氣顆粒相撞，產(chǎn)生很多種中級的顆粒，包括正電子，介子和重核子。
37. A common way to produce x-rays is _________ electrons into a copper target.
A. fires
B. fired
C. by firing
D. how to fire
答案：C
分析及考點：以。。。的手段用by doing sth。
參考譯文：通常產(chǎn)生X射線的方法是把電子激發(fā)到銅做的目標(biāo)上。
38. _________ in 1800, Middlebury College is the oldest college in Vermont.
A. Opened
B. Opened it
C. The opening
D. There was open
答案：A
分析及考點：分詞省略結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語是被動狀態(tài)，所以用過去分詞。
參考譯文：Middlebury College創(chuàng)建于1800，是Vermont州老的學(xué)院，
39. Lizette Woodworth Reese’s best-known poem is the sonnet “Tears,” _________ in 1899 in Scribner’s Magazine.
A. to publish
B. published
C. to publish it
D. was published
答案：B
分析及考點：分詞省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Lizette Woodworth Reese的詩是1899年在Scribner’s 雜志發(fā)行的十四行詩“眼淚”。
40. During the Revolutionary War, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the capital of the United States for one day in 1777, _________ there.
A. was when the Continental Congress stopped
B. when did the Continental Congress stop
C. the Continental Congress when it stopped
D. when the Continental Congress stopped
答案：D
分析及考點：狀語從句。詞序正常。
參考譯文：在獨立戰(zhàn)爭期間，賓夕法尼亞的Lancaster在1777年曾作為一天美國的首都，當(dāng)時的大陸議會曾在那里停留。
Test 2 1~40
1. Sand is formed by the weathering and decomposition of all types of rock, _________ most abundant mineral constituent being quartz.
A. and its
B. since its
C. its
D. it is
答案：C
分析及考點：獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。后面句子沒有謂語，所以不用連詞，A，B錯，D形成句子跟主句間又沒有連詞，且與being沖突。
參考譯文：沙子是由各種各樣的石頭風(fēng)化和分解而形成的，它含量多的礦物質(zhì)是石英。
2. _________ in the daytime for most of the year, the groundhog hibernates in a burrow during winter.
A. Is active
B. That it is active
C. Active
D. While is active
答案：C
分析及考點：考狀語的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。全句的主語是groundhog，謂語hibernates。A謂語不能單獨存在。B that it is錯誤結(jié)構(gòu)。D缺從句主語。
參考譯文：土撥鼠一年中很多時候在白天都很活躍，到了冬天就在地洞中冬眠了。
3. The wood of elm trees is used in shipbuilding and in _________ barrels, furniture, flooring, and sporting goods.
A. to make
B. as made
C. making
D. to have made
答案：C
分析及考點：and連接兩個對稱的結(jié)構(gòu)，且介詞后面應(yīng)該跟動名詞。
參考譯文：榆樹的木頭用于造船和桶、家具、地板和運動器材的制作。
4. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States, and in 1958 _________ the forty-ninth state.
A. Alaska’s becoming
B. Alaska became
C. when Alaska became
D. Alaska to become
答案：B
分析及考點：and連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)前后都是完整句子。
參考譯文：1867年俄國把阿拉斯加賣給了美國，而阿拉斯加在1958年成為美國的第49個州。
5. Almost _________ countries use the decimal system.
A. all
B. all of
C. all of which
D. of all
答案：A
分析及考點：all和all of的用法。泛指的時候用all，特指復(fù)數(shù)用all of。
參考譯文：幾乎所有的國家都用十進(jìn)制系統(tǒng)。
6. _______ allows the skin and thus the body to be cooled.
A. Sweat evaporates
B. When sweat evaporates
C. Sweat, the evaporation of which
D. The evaporation of sweat
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主語，allows是謂語。所以A,B錯。C中的sweat 和evaporation不形成同位語結(jié)構(gòu)，而且of which不存在的定語從句結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：汗的蒸發(fā)使得皮膚繼而是軀體變涼。
7. Activities such as writing down notes will generally lead to faster learning _________just listening to or reading facts.
A. than
B. than is
C. whereas
D. in that
答案：A
分析及考點：比較結(jié)構(gòu)極其特點。
參考譯文：象記筆記的做法一般比僅僅聽或讀現(xiàn)象能導(dǎo)致更快的學(xué)習(xí)。
8. The Dallas Civic Opera has earned _________ since its initial production debuted in 1957.
A. an international reputation and
B. an international reputation was
C. what an international reputation
D. an international reputation
答案：D
分析及考點：動詞earn的用法，及物動詞直接跟名詞賓語和名詞賓語補足語。Since這里是從句。A中and不存在對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。B中was使句子形成兩個謂語。C中不構(gòu)成what從句。
參考譯文：Dallas Civic Opera自從它1957年首次開張以來，一直享有國際性聲譽。
9. Born in Akron, Ohio, in 1846, Henry Eugene Abbey became the ________ of the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City in 1883.
A. first manager was
B. first manager
C. manager who first
D. manager was the first
答案：B
分析及考點：介詞短語結(jié)構(gòu)。Of前面加名詞。
參考譯文：1846年在Akron, Ohio出生，Henry Eugene Abbey1883年成為在紐約的Metropolitan Opera House的第一任主管。
10. A covered bridge is built of wooden timbers _________ supporting trusses and a floor and are protected from weather by a roof.
A. when form
B. so form
C. form
D. that form
答案：D
分析及考點：定語從句。Form是動詞謂語，所以要么有從句，要么是并列結(jié)構(gòu)，A的話從句沒有主語。
參考譯文：有屋頂?shù)臉蚴怯媚玖辖ㄔ斓?，木料建成支持框架和地板，并有一個屋頂使其避免受惡劣天氣影響。
11. Although _________ with herons or storks, cranes are distinguished from these birds by bare red areas or ornamental plumes on their heads.
A. they are often confused
B. how often they are confused
C. that they are confused often
D. are they confused often
答案：A
分析及考點：狀語從句。詞序正常。主謂清楚。
參考譯文：盡管鶴經(jīng)常會被混淆成蒼鷺或鸛，他們還是能通過頭頂?shù)?露的紅色區(qū)域或裝飾羽毛跟那些鳥區(qū)分開來。
12. More battles were fought in South Carolina _________ in any other state during the American Revolution.
A. as
B. although
C. than
D. but
答案：C
分析及考點：比較級。
參考譯文：美國革命中在南卡羅來那州發(fā)生的戰(zhàn)斗比其他各州都要多。
13. Cotton is grown throughout the world, and _________ year about 50 million bales, weighing nearly 500 pounds apiece, are produced.
A. each
B. a
C. by a
D. in which
答案：A
分析及考點：每個。。的表示。
參考譯文：棉花生長在全世界各地，每年生產(chǎn)有大約5千萬捆，每捆重近500磅的棉花。
14. Based on a device used in naval vessels, the automatic pilot contains gyroscopes _________ references for an airplane’s course.
A. provides
B. that provide
C. that providing
D. and to provide
答案：B
分析及考點：定語從句。
參考譯文：根據(jù)用于海軍艦船上的設(shè)備，自動航行系統(tǒng)包括為飛機(jī)課程提供參考的陀螺儀，
15. American Sign Language contains over 4,000 signs _________ is used by over half a million people.
A. and
B. although
C. whenever
D. also
答案：A
分析及考點：前后部分形成對稱結(jié)構(gòu)，用and。
參考譯文：美國標(biāo)記術(shù)語包括4千多個標(biāo)記符號，有超過50萬人在使用。
16. _________ founded the American Red Cross in 1881 and served as its president until 1904.
A. Clara Barton, who
B. Although Clara Barton
C. It was Clara Barton
D. Clara Barton
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主語，and連接對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Clara Barton在1881年創(chuàng)建了美國紅十字會，并擔(dān)任了會長直到1904年。
17. _________ two air masses with different characteristics meet, an area called a “front” develops.
A. What
B. There are
C. When
D. Being
答案：C
分析及考點：主句在后半部分。A中what不形成引導(dǎo)從句，B形成主句而不是從句。D跟動詞meet矛盾。C形成正確的狀語從句。
參考譯文：當(dāng)兩種有不同特性的氣團(tuán)相遇的時候，一個成為“前區(qū)”的區(qū)域形成了。
18. Today’s farmers use irrigation, fertilizers, large machines, and other technology _________ high crop yields.
A. in the production
B. for production
C. to produce
D. produce
答案：C
分析及考點：動詞use的用法，use sth to do sth。不定式表目的。
參考譯文：現(xiàn)今的農(nóng)民使用灌溉、施肥、大型機(jī)器和其他技術(shù)來產(chǎn)生高的作物產(chǎn)量。
19. ________ served as secretary of war under the Articles of Confederation and also, in George Washington’s administration, under the United States Constitution.
A. When Henry Knox
B. It was Henry Knox
C. Henry Knox
D. Henry Knox, who
答案：C
分析及考點：句子缺主語。D中who不形成定語從句。
參考譯文：Henry Knox供職為戰(zhàn)爭秘書，在聯(lián)邦條款和喬治華盛頓管理的美國憲法的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下。
20. The course of the Missouri River marks the ________ of continental glaciation.
A. approximate southern limit
B. limited, approximately southern
C. southern limit and approximately
D. limit that approximately southern
答案：A
分析及考點：介詞of 結(jié)構(gòu)中前面主體是名詞。Limit是名詞
參考譯文：密蘇里河的行進(jìn)路線標(biāo)注了大陸冰河作用南部的大致邊界。
21. About three-quarters of the state of Indiana is covered by _________.
A. which farmland
B. such farmland is there
C. farmland
D. it is farmland
答案：C
分析及考點：介詞后面直接跟名詞
參考譯文：印第安納州大約3/4是農(nóng)場。
22. Also called the painted cup, the Indian paintbrush gives forth tiny flowers that are mostly green, while ________ brightly colored.
A. its leaves
B. it leaves being
C. are its leaves
D. its leaves are
答案：D
分析及考點：while引導(dǎo)的句子缺主謂。
參考譯文：印第安人的畫筆，也被稱為著色的杯子，描繪的小花大多是綠色的，花的葉子會被明亮的著色。
23. _________ 70 species of cockroaches in the United States.
A. Since about
B. Are about
C. About
D. There are about
答案：D
分析及考點：句子缺主謂。
參考譯文：美國有大約70中蟑螂。
24. ______ difficult to achieve centrifugal forces thousands of times as great as the force of gravity.
A. There is not
B. While not
C. What is not
D. It is not
答案：D
分析及考點：形式主語結(jié)構(gòu)。It是句子中不定式的形式主語。
參考譯文：實現(xiàn)等于重力千萬倍的離心力不是很難。
25. In the early nineteenth century a Conestoga wagon on a poor road could economically _________ light, fairly high-value goods over short distances.
A. only while carrying
B. carry only
C. it was only to carry
D. only carrying its
答案：B
分析及考點：句子缺謂語。情態(tài)動詞后面跟動詞原形。
參考譯文：在早期19世紀(jì)，馬拉的棚車在條件很差的道路上只能經(jīng)濟(jì)的短途運輸輕的、相對價值高的貨物。
26. The solid-bodied electric guitar mixes and amplifies vibrations from microphone contacts at different points _________ a range of tone qualities.
A. produce
B. to produce
C. a production
D. and producing
答案：B
分析及考點：不定式做目的狀語。
參考譯文：結(jié)實形體的電吉他把在各個不同點接觸的振動從麥克風(fēng)里混合和放大出來。
27. While the term “harmony” suggests a pleasant or agreeable sound, it is applied to any combination of notes, _________ consonant or dissonant.
A. which
B. such
C. neither
D. whether
答案：D
分析及考點：whether or not的變體。無論、不管。。。的意思
參考譯文：術(shù)語“和弦”表現(xiàn)的是一個舒適和令人愉悅的聲音。它適用于任何樂章的混合，無論協(xié)調(diào)或不協(xié)調(diào)的。
28. Most meteorites are thought to be fragments from asteroids, _________ some may be pieces from the heads of comets.
A. despite
B. either
C. although
D. but if
答案：C
分析及考點：表讓步關(guān)系連詞，用although連接前后兩個句子。
參考譯文：大多數(shù)隕石被認(rèn)為是小行星的碎片，盡管有一些可能是來自彗星頭的碎片。
29. Penicillin, ________, kills a broad spectrum of bacteria, many of which cause disease in humans.
A. the first antibiotic to be discovered
B. when the first antibiotic to be discovered
C. the first antibiotic that discovered
D. was the first antibiotic to be discovered
答案：A
分析及考點：主語同位語結(jié)構(gòu)。名詞性短語。
參考譯文：盤尼西林，早被發(fā)現(xiàn)的抗生素，能殺死廣譜細(xì)菌。那些細(xì)菌很多能使人類生病。
30. Action painting emphasizes the physical act of applying paint to canvas, rather _________ picture as a finished work of art.
A. the
B. from the
C. than the
D. is the
答案：C
分析及考點：rather than固定搭配。
參考譯文：行為畫派強(qiáng)調(diào)的是肢體動作在帆布上運用油墨的過程，而不是已完成的畫面本身。
31. Contrary to popular belief, the basic instruments of the old jazz bands were not saxophones, _________ cornets and trumpets.
A. or not
B. but
C. instead
D. neither
答案：B
分析及考點：平行對稱的一個固定結(jié)構(gòu)not ..but
參考譯文：跟普遍的認(rèn)識相反，傳統(tǒng)爵士樂隊的基本樂器不是薩克斯，而是短號和小號。
32. _____ vary greatly in shape and form, depending upon both the growth pattern and the arrangement of polyps within the colony.
A. Since coral colonies
B. Coral colonies that
C. Coral colonies, although they
D. Coral colonies
答案：D
分析及考點：主句缺主語。
參考譯文：根據(jù)生長形式和珊瑚蟲的排列，珊瑚礁在形狀和構(gòu)成上變化很大，
33. The transition element cadmium is placed below zinc and above mercury in the periodic table, _______ many properties in common with these elements.
A. and its
B. and having
C. and it has
D. and
答案：C
分析及考點：and連接的平行對稱結(jié)構(gòu)。后面跟完整的句子。
參考譯文：在元素周期表中，過渡元素鎘放在鋅的后面和汞的前面，它有很多特性跟這些元素相似。
34. The covered wagons known as Conestogas were primarily used _________ of freight across the prairies of the United States.
A. heavy loads were carried
B. to carry heavy loads
C. the carrying of heavy loads
D. in heavy loads carrying
答案：B
分析及考點：動詞use的用法，加不定式表目的。
參考譯文：聞名的conestogas有蓋馬車在橫跨美國的大草原上主要用于運輸重型貨物。
35. The outstanding feature of copper and the other metals of Group IB in the Periodic Table is _________ chemical attack.
A. resists
B. to resisting
C. their resistance to
D. by resistance
答案：C
分析及考點：A動詞錯。B不定式跟動名詞錯。D，by作為手段應(yīng)加動名詞。C針對。。的攻擊，用介詞to。
參考譯文：元素周期表中銅和IB組中其他金屬的突出特性是他們對化學(xué)侵蝕的抵抗能力。
36. When _______ with atmospheric particles, they create many types of secondary particles, including positrons, mesons, and hyperons.
A. the collision of primary cosmic rays
B. primary cosmic rays collide
C. primary cosmic rays colliding
D. do primary cosmic rays collide
答案：B
分析及考點：狀語從句中，缺主謂。語義上collide應(yīng)該是動作。
參考譯文：當(dāng)主要的宇宙射線跟大氣顆粒相撞，產(chǎn)生很多種中級的顆粒，包括正電子，介子和重核子。
37. A common way to produce x-rays is _________ electrons into a copper target.
A. fires
B. fired
C. by firing
D. how to fire
答案：C
分析及考點：以。。。的手段用by doing sth。
參考譯文：通常產(chǎn)生X射線的方法是把電子激發(fā)到銅做的目標(biāo)上。
38. _________ in 1800, Middlebury College is the oldest college in Vermont.
A. Opened
B. Opened it
C. The opening
D. There was open
答案：A
分析及考點：分詞省略結(jié)構(gòu)。邏輯主語是被動狀態(tài)，所以用過去分詞。
參考譯文：Middlebury College創(chuàng)建于1800，是Vermont州老的學(xué)院，
39. Lizette Woodworth Reese’s best-known poem is the sonnet “Tears,” _________ in 1899 in Scribner’s Magazine.
A. to publish
B. published
C. to publish it
D. was published
答案：B
分析及考點：分詞省略結(jié)構(gòu)。
參考譯文：Lizette Woodworth Reese的詩是1899年在Scribner’s 雜志發(fā)行的十四行詩“眼淚”。
40. During the Revolutionary War, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, was the capital of the United States for one day in 1777, _________ there.
A. was when the Continental Congress stopped
B. when did the Continental Congress stop
C. the Continental Congress when it stopped
D. when the Continental Congress stopped
答案：D
分析及考點：狀語從句。詞序正常。
參考譯文：在獨立戰(zhàn)爭期間，賓夕法尼亞的Lancaster在1777年曾作為一天美國的首都，當(dāng)時的大陸議會曾在那里停留。