閱讀題型 六級(jí)閱讀中的題型主要可以分為以下幾類：
一、細(xì)節(jié)題
細(xì)節(jié)題就是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)所出的考題。這些事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情節(jié)、主要過程、主要的原因和結(jié)果、主要的數(shù)據(jù)、主要的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。
有一些方法可以準(zhǔn)確地找到細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)：
A.找到中心思想，那么支持中心思想的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)就自然顯現(xiàn)出來了。
B.要明確所有事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)并不是同等重要的。與中心思想相聯(lián)系的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是重要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié);與中心思想無關(guān)，只是引起興趣的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是次要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。要把重要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)分開，因?yàn)?，出題的地方一般是重要的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，這樣次要的部分就可以略去不閱讀了。
C.尋找段落的構(gòu)成及信息的排列形式。
D.要把作者的觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)分開。
E.在閱讀的過程中要給自己提問(Who?Where?When?What or what happened?&Why?)
F.最后，要迅速地檢查一下所找到的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，并加以總結(jié)。
細(xì)節(jié)題主要命題方式有：
According to the passage，it is…that…
The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
根據(jù)分類，細(xì)節(jié)題一般有以下幾種形式：
1.詞性、同義詞、反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，這類題主要考查讀者對(duì)原文表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)信息的詞匯、慣用法的正確理解，這是相對(duì)比較簡單的題目，只要在原文中找到支持選項(xiàng)的詞語即可。
2.同時(shí)利用詞語和句法的轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題目的正確選項(xiàng)與原文的表達(dá)不盡相同，一般會(huì)在詞語或句型上有變化，比如原文用的是雙重否定，選項(xiàng)中常常出現(xiàn)肯定的句式;或原文與選項(xiàng)互換反義詞。解這類題的關(guān)鍵也是要找對(duì)考點(diǎn)，因?yàn)闊o論怎樣變化，原文表達(dá)具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的信息與問題加選項(xiàng)的信息在意思上一定是相同的。
3.綜合細(xì)節(jié)題。需要將文章的信息與自己對(duì)主題的原有觀點(diǎn)和判斷相結(jié)合，綜合概括作者給出的各種細(xì)節(jié)。
4.排除型題型。要仔細(xì)找到每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的出處，一個(gè)一個(gè)地排除，這種題型沒有技巧可言，只要仔細(xì)就可以做對(duì)。
例如：
A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
1. Surat was a______
A)big and crowed city.
B)poor and densely populated city.
C) city with a long history of plague.
D)busy city with narrow streets.
綜合細(xì)節(jié)題型，第一段三處分別提到了Surat是一個(gè)貧窮且人口密集的城市，綜合得出B)為正確選項(xiàng)。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) The cause of bubonic plague.
B)The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
C)The measures taken by the officials.
D)The first time the plague hit India.
排除型題型，第一段和第二段分別提到了A)、B)、c)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，故排除D)，所以D)也就是正確答案。
二、主旨大意題 主要的命題方式有：
What's the subject of the passage?
The main idea(point)of the passage is______.
The suitable title for the passage might be_______.
主旨大意題一般有以下幾種形式：
1.段落主旨題。這種段落的中心大意一般出現(xiàn)在這一段的第一句或最后一句，但有時(shí)也有幾句話的綜合，并不直接在某一句中體現(xiàn)。
2.全篇主旨題。這種題主要考對(duì)全文的中心大意的概括能力。有時(shí)中心意思在首段用主題句等方式表達(dá)出來，有時(shí)則在中段或尾段。有主題句的文章的其他各部分通常都緊密圍繞主題句層層展開。一般在閱讀文章的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該對(duì)作者的中心大意有一個(gè)比較準(zhǔn)確的理解，在前面所提到的勾畫主題句可以很好的解決主旨型題型。
還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是，在做完所有的題后，應(yīng)該再重新考慮主旨題，看是否與其他各題有矛盾之處，如有，那么主旨題應(yīng)該重新考慮答案。
Though they were not trained naturalists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations of North American in the early nineteenth century came across enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and reptiles to fill a zoo. In keeping with president Jefferson's orders, they took careful note of 122 species and subspecies that were unknown to science and in many eases native only to the West. Clark make sketches of any particularly intriguing creature. He and lewis also collected animal hides and horns and skins with such care that a few of them were still intact nearly two centuries later. While Lewis and Clark failed to meet the mythological monsters reputed to well in the West, they did unearth the bones of a 45 - foot dinosaur. Furthermore, some of the living beasts they did come upon, such as the woolly mountain goat and the grizzly bear were every bit as odd or as fearsome as any myth. In their collector's enthusiasm, they even floated aprairie dog out of its burrow by pouring in five barrelfuls of water,then shipped the frisky animal to Jefferson alive and yelping.
Q: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A) President Jefferson' s pets.
B) Collector's techniques for capturing wildlife.
C) Jobs for trained naturalists.
D) Record newly discovered species of animals.
正確答案為C)。原文要講述Mefiwether Lewis和William Clark在19世紀(jì)早期在北美探險(xiǎn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些以前所不熟悉的鳥、哺乳動(dòng)物及爬行動(dòng)物等。這在原文開頭提到了，接著具體敘述他們探險(xiǎn)時(shí)遇到各種動(dòng)物時(shí)的情況。這是典型的中心句在句首的情況。
三、邏輯關(guān)系題
這種題型的主要命題方式有：
From the passage we know that______.
The first sentence in the passage tells us that________.
1.句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系題。正確勾畫出信號(hào)詞對(duì)這種題非常有用。只要找到信號(hào)詞，就可以把握句子之間到底是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。但在更多情況下，邏輯關(guān)系并沒有明顯的標(biāo)志詞，這時(shí)一定要小心分析句子之間存在的隱形的邏輯關(guān)系。
2.文章各段之間的關(guān)系。文章各段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系通常都體現(xiàn)在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾。找到前一段的最后一句與后一段的第一句之間的關(guān)系便成為解題的關(guān)鍵。一般段落之間的關(guān)系有時(shí)間先后順序、平行列舉關(guān)系、對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。因?yàn)闉榱耸刮恼碌慕Y(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，作者通常會(huì)使用一些表示次序、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折等的過渡詞，勾畫出這些標(biāo)志詞可以方便理解段落之間的關(guān)系。
例如：
Shakespeare said that" some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. "So it is with leadership. Some men are born with capacity for leadership. Some acquire that art by watching and studying the actions of those around them. Other persons find themselves thrown into unusual situations which require them to draw on resources they never realized they had, and events bring out marked leadership. Most of us are never put to such tests. Most of us are not born leaders.
Q: At the beginning of the passage, Shakespeare's words are quoted
A)to make readers appreciate the writer's style
B)to show the writer's appreciation of Shakespeare's ideas
C) to stress the importance of good leadership
D)to help describe different kinds of leaders
“so it is”意思是“也一樣”，看出這里是類比關(guān)系，表明莎士比亞的話同樣適用對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的描述。莎翁提到3種不同的人，那么領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也有至少3種類型，由此可知，作者引述這句話的目的在于描繪不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，故正確選項(xiàng)是D)。
四、推斷題
主要的提問方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
1t is implied in the passage that_______.
It is implied but not stated：_______.
推斷題有一定的難度，在解決時(shí)要結(jié)合文章的主旨大意，從語篇層面上把握全文，同時(shí)要利用相關(guān)部分的背景知識(shí)，甚至常識(shí)推理。不能死摳字面意思，也不可以主觀臆斷，還有一點(diǎn)就是必須區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。
例如：
Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
A)the search for truth
B) an objective attitude toward reality
C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
D) a system of logical thinking rules
Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
Q1：在選文中，單詞dialectic的大意是：A)：對(duì)真理的探索;B)：對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的客觀態(tài)度;C)：逆來順受;D)：辯證法的體系。根據(jù)上下文，正確答案應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)D)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q2：句子二中inexpedient一詞的含義是不便的，不明智的。所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)：無故的;B)：明智的;C)：不現(xiàn)實(shí)的;D)：效率高的。從文章和句子中可以看出，正確答案是選項(xiàng)c)。其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q3：作者稱辯證法可以幫助一個(gè)人分析不誠實(shí)的“stratagems”。所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué);B)：工具;C)：態(tài)度;D)：手勢。在本文中stratagem應(yīng)為“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正確答案是選項(xiàng)B)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q4：當(dāng)作者暗示說他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的這種驅(qū)動(dòng)力是：A)：自然的;B)：邪惡的;C)：錯(cuò)誤的;D)：理論的。考生可以從innate天生的，固有的，一詞推知答案是選項(xiàng)A)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
又如：1990年1月試題第31題
31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
答案選D)。這是一道需要自己推斷結(jié)論的題，在文中沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。文章中提到約一百年前只有1/5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇傭意味著在工廠或農(nóng)場當(dāng)勞力，而今天只有1/5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇員中受過教育的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的數(shù)目越來越大，由此推出50年前的雇員中知識(shí)分子的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于產(chǎn)業(yè)工人。
有的考生往往把推理題想得太難，于是就天馬行空地亂推，一般推一步就可以得到結(jié)論了，最多都不要推過兩層意思。
一、細(xì)節(jié)題
細(xì)節(jié)題就是針對(duì)文章中的細(xì)節(jié)所出的考題。這些事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)主要包括：主要人物、主要事件、主要情節(jié)、主要過程、主要的原因和結(jié)果、主要的數(shù)據(jù)、主要的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。
有一些方法可以準(zhǔn)確地找到細(xì)節(jié)和事實(shí)：
A.找到中心思想，那么支持中心思想的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)就自然顯現(xiàn)出來了。
B.要明確所有事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)并不是同等重要的。與中心思想相聯(lián)系的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是重要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié);與中心思想無關(guān)，只是引起興趣的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)是次要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)。要把重要的事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)分開，因?yàn)?，出題的地方一般是重要的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，這樣次要的部分就可以略去不閱讀了。
C.尋找段落的構(gòu)成及信息的排列形式。
D.要把作者的觀點(diǎn)與事實(shí)分開。
E.在閱讀的過程中要給自己提問(Who?Where?When?What or what happened?&Why?)
F.最后，要迅速地檢查一下所找到的事實(shí)與細(xì)節(jié)，并加以總結(jié)。
細(xì)節(jié)題主要命題方式有：
According to the passage，it is…that…
The author describes…as…because…A chief factor in…is
根據(jù)分類，細(xì)節(jié)題一般有以下幾種形式：
1.詞性、同義詞、反義詞的轉(zhuǎn)換，這類題主要考查讀者對(duì)原文表達(dá)細(xì)節(jié)信息的詞匯、慣用法的正確理解，這是相對(duì)比較簡單的題目，只要在原文中找到支持選項(xiàng)的詞語即可。
2.同時(shí)利用詞語和句法的轉(zhuǎn)換。這類題目的正確選項(xiàng)與原文的表達(dá)不盡相同，一般會(huì)在詞語或句型上有變化，比如原文用的是雙重否定，選項(xiàng)中常常出現(xiàn)肯定的句式;或原文與選項(xiàng)互換反義詞。解這類題的關(guān)鍵也是要找對(duì)考點(diǎn)，因?yàn)闊o論怎樣變化，原文表達(dá)具體事實(shí)和細(xì)節(jié)的信息與問題加選項(xiàng)的信息在意思上一定是相同的。
3.綜合細(xì)節(jié)題。需要將文章的信息與自己對(duì)主題的原有觀點(diǎn)和判斷相結(jié)合，綜合概括作者給出的各種細(xì)節(jié)。
4.排除型題型。要仔細(xì)找到每個(gè)選項(xiàng)的出處，一個(gè)一個(gè)地排除，這種題型沒有技巧可言，只要仔細(xì)就可以做對(duì)。
例如：
A single word emptied Surat' s usually swarming streets last week. Ignoring public - health officials' frantic appeals to stay home, residents began escaping the slum- ridden city, about 175 kilometers north of Bombay, by any means at hand. Doctors identified the disease, which has already killed more than 100 inhabitants,as pneumonic plague. Bubonic plague, the disease's more common form, is carried by fleas from rats---animals considered sacred by many Indians. Bubonic plague ravaged Europe in the 14th century, making itself infamous as the Black Death, and killed nearly 12 million people in India between 1896 and 1936. The even more lethal pneumonic form can also travel directly from human to human, causing high fever, a bloody congh and often death without hours. As of late last week, relief workers said roughly 500,000 of Surat' s 2.5 million residents had already fled.
The mass exodus raised worries of a full - blown epidemic.Officials tried to cordon off the city, hoping to prevent people already infected with the disease from carrying it elsewhere--especially to crowded Bombay, just three hours away by train. But containing the public's growing sense of panic was beyond the powers of belated separations and emergency shipments of antibiotics. An outbreak of bubonic plague, Indian' s first encounter with that disease since 1966, hit the area of Bombay shortly before the pneumonic virus arrived in Surat. Late last
week officials declared the bubonic contagion under control. Of the few score people known to have contracted the disease, none had died. But the pneumonic killer remained on the loose.
1. Surat was a______
A)big and crowed city.
B)poor and densely populated city.
C) city with a long history of plague.
D)busy city with narrow streets.
綜合細(xì)節(jié)題型，第一段三處分別提到了Surat是一個(gè)貧窮且人口密集的城市，綜合得出B)為正確選項(xiàng)。
2. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A) The cause of bubonic plague.
B)The symptoms of pneumonic plague.
C)The measures taken by the officials.
D)The first time the plague hit India.
排除型題型，第一段和第二段分別提到了A)、B)、c)選項(xiàng)的內(nèi)容，故排除D)，所以D)也就是正確答案。
二、主旨大意題 主要的命題方式有：
What's the subject of the passage?
The main idea(point)of the passage is______.
The suitable title for the passage might be_______.
主旨大意題一般有以下幾種形式：
1.段落主旨題。這種段落的中心大意一般出現(xiàn)在這一段的第一句或最后一句，但有時(shí)也有幾句話的綜合，并不直接在某一句中體現(xiàn)。
2.全篇主旨題。這種題主要考對(duì)全文的中心大意的概括能力。有時(shí)中心意思在首段用主題句等方式表達(dá)出來，有時(shí)則在中段或尾段。有主題句的文章的其他各部分通常都緊密圍繞主題句層層展開。一般在閱讀文章的時(shí)候就應(yīng)該對(duì)作者的中心大意有一個(gè)比較準(zhǔn)確的理解，在前面所提到的勾畫主題句可以很好的解決主旨型題型。
還有一點(diǎn)必須注意的是，在做完所有的題后，應(yīng)該再重新考慮主旨題，看是否與其他各題有矛盾之處，如有，那么主旨題應(yīng)該重新考慮答案。
Though they were not trained naturalists, Meriwether Lewis and William Clark in their explorations of North American in the early nineteenth century came across enough unfamiliar birds, mammals, and reptiles to fill a zoo. In keeping with president Jefferson's orders, they took careful note of 122 species and subspecies that were unknown to science and in many eases native only to the West. Clark make sketches of any particularly intriguing creature. He and lewis also collected animal hides and horns and skins with such care that a few of them were still intact nearly two centuries later. While Lewis and Clark failed to meet the mythological monsters reputed to well in the West, they did unearth the bones of a 45 - foot dinosaur. Furthermore, some of the living beasts they did come upon, such as the woolly mountain goat and the grizzly bear were every bit as odd or as fearsome as any myth. In their collector's enthusiasm, they even floated aprairie dog out of its burrow by pouring in five barrelfuls of water,then shipped the frisky animal to Jefferson alive and yelping.
Q: What does the passage mainly discuss?
A) President Jefferson' s pets.
B) Collector's techniques for capturing wildlife.
C) Jobs for trained naturalists.
D) Record newly discovered species of animals.
正確答案為C)。原文要講述Mefiwether Lewis和William Clark在19世紀(jì)早期在北美探險(xiǎn)時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些以前所不熟悉的鳥、哺乳動(dòng)物及爬行動(dòng)物等。這在原文開頭提到了，接著具體敘述他們探險(xiǎn)時(shí)遇到各種動(dòng)物時(shí)的情況。這是典型的中心句在句首的情況。
三、邏輯關(guān)系題
這種題型的主要命題方式有：
From the passage we know that______.
The first sentence in the passage tells us that________.
1.句子之間的邏輯關(guān)系題。正確勾畫出信號(hào)詞對(duì)這種題非常有用。只要找到信號(hào)詞，就可以把握句子之間到底是因果關(guān)系還是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。但在更多情況下，邏輯關(guān)系并沒有明顯的標(biāo)志詞，這時(shí)一定要小心分析句子之間存在的隱形的邏輯關(guān)系。
2.文章各段之間的關(guān)系。文章各段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系通常都體現(xiàn)在段落的開頭和結(jié)尾。找到前一段的最后一句與后一段的第一句之間的關(guān)系便成為解題的關(guān)鍵。一般段落之間的關(guān)系有時(shí)間先后順序、平行列舉關(guān)系、對(duì)比結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系等。因?yàn)闉榱耸刮恼碌慕Y(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密，作者通常會(huì)使用一些表示次序、遞進(jìn)、轉(zhuǎn)折等的過渡詞，勾畫出這些標(biāo)志詞可以方便理解段落之間的關(guān)系。
例如：
Shakespeare said that" some are born great, some achieve greatness, and some have greatness thrust upon them. "So it is with leadership. Some men are born with capacity for leadership. Some acquire that art by watching and studying the actions of those around them. Other persons find themselves thrown into unusual situations which require them to draw on resources they never realized they had, and events bring out marked leadership. Most of us are never put to such tests. Most of us are not born leaders.
Q: At the beginning of the passage, Shakespeare's words are quoted
A)to make readers appreciate the writer's style
B)to show the writer's appreciation of Shakespeare's ideas
C) to stress the importance of good leadership
D)to help describe different kinds of leaders
“so it is”意思是“也一樣”，看出這里是類比關(guān)系，表明莎士比亞的話同樣適用對(duì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)才能的描述。莎翁提到3種不同的人，那么領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也有至少3種類型，由此可知，作者引述這句話的目的在于描繪不同類型的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，故正確選項(xiàng)是D)。
四、推斷題
主要的提問方式有：
It can be inferred from the passage that________.
1t is implied in the passage that_______.
It is implied but not stated：_______.
推斷題有一定的難度，在解決時(shí)要結(jié)合文章的主旨大意，從語篇層面上把握全文，同時(shí)要利用相關(guān)部分的背景知識(shí)，甚至常識(shí)推理。不能死摳字面意思，也不可以主觀臆斷，還有一點(diǎn)就是必須區(qū)分事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)。
例如：
Dialectic in this sense of the word has no other aim but to reduce to a regular system and collect and exhibit the arts which most men employ when they observe in a dispute , that Ruth is not on their side, and still attempt to gain the day. Hence, it would be very inexpedient to pay any regard to objective troth or its advancement in the science of Dialectic, since this is not done in that original and natural Dialectic, innate in men, where they strive for nothing but victory. The science of Dialectic, in one sense of the word, is mainly concerned to tabulate and analyze dishonest stratagems, in order that in a real debate they may be at once recognized and defeated. It is for this very reason that Dialectic must admittedly take victory, and not objective truth, for its aim and purpose...
QI: In the context of the selection, "dialectic" most probably means
A)the search for truth
B) an objective attitude toward reality
C)a philosophic acceptance of deficit
D) a system of logical thinking rules
Q2: The term " inexpedient" ( sentence 2) is likely to mean
A)innocent B) wise C) impractical D) efficient
Q3: When the author claims that the science of dialectic enables a person to "analyze dishonest stratagems", the term "stratagem" seems to mean
A) statistics B)devices C)attitudes D)gestures
Q4: When he implies that the desire to win is" innate in men," the author means that the urge is
A)natural B)vicious C)wrong D) theoretical
Q1：在選文中，單詞dialectic的大意是：A)：對(duì)真理的探索;B)：對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的客觀態(tài)度;C)：逆來順受;D)：辯證法的體系。根據(jù)上下文，正確答案應(yīng)該是選項(xiàng)D)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q2：句子二中inexpedient一詞的含義是不便的，不明智的。所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)：無故的;B)：明智的;C)：不現(xiàn)實(shí)的;D)：效率高的。從文章和句子中可以看出，正確答案是選項(xiàng)c)。其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q3：作者稱辯證法可以幫助一個(gè)人分析不誠實(shí)的“stratagems”。所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的意思分別是：A)：統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué);B)：工具;C)：態(tài)度;D)：手勢。在本文中stratagem應(yīng)為“方式、方法、工具”之意，所以正確答案是選項(xiàng)B)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
Q4：當(dāng)作者暗示說他想得到的是人的天性，作者指的這種驅(qū)動(dòng)力是：A)：自然的;B)：邪惡的;C)：錯(cuò)誤的;D)：理論的。考生可以從innate天生的，固有的，一詞推知答案是選項(xiàng)A)，其他選項(xiàng)都不對(duì)。
又如：1990年1月試題第31題
31 、It is implied that fifty years ago_______
A) eighty per cent of American working people were employed in factories
B) twenty per cent of American intellectuals were employees
C)the percentage of intellectuals in the total work force was almost the same as that of individual workers
D) the percentage of intellectuals working as employees was not so large as that of the industrial workers
答案選D)。這是一道需要自己推斷結(jié)論的題，在文中沒有現(xiàn)成的答案。文章中提到約一百年前只有1/5的人受雇于人，50年前被雇傭意味著在工廠或農(nóng)場當(dāng)勞力，而今天只有1/5的人不受雇于人，而且今天的雇員中受過教育的中產(chǎn)階級(jí)的數(shù)目越來越大，由此推出50年前的雇員中知識(shí)分子的比例遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于產(chǎn)業(yè)工人。
有的考生往往把推理題想得太難，于是就天馬行空地亂推，一般推一步就可以得到結(jié)論了，最多都不要推過兩層意思。