找到中心思想 一個(gè)句子、一段文章雖然能提供許多信息，但它的中心意思通常只有一個(gè)。其它細(xì)節(jié)都圍繞這個(gè)意思，說(shuō)明這個(gè)意思。要提高閱讀速度有一個(gè)最根本的要求，就是要找到并抓住這個(gè)中心意思。抓住了中心意思才能正確地理解句子、段落或通篇的基本內(nèi)容。下面幾組詞，每一組都有一個(gè)中心詞：
A.apple fruit orange
B.animal cat dog bird
c.green red yellow color
D.chair table furniture couch
E.nurse profession teacher lawyer
段落的中心意思與句子的中心意思是類似的。一般有兩種情況:一種是表明的中心意思，另一種是隱含的中心意思。表明的中心意思常常用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子來(lái)表示，隱含的中心盡想需要讀者用自己的話去概括、歸納整篇或整段的含義。
要想在考試中在閱讀理解部分取得高分，首先必須學(xué)會(huì)尋找中心思想、抓住中心思想，特別是段落的中心思想。主題句的位置比較靈活，有的在段首。有的在段末，有的則居段中，但主題句在段首的比較多。例如：
As the sun went down , the scene from the bridge was beautiful, It had been a perfect day. Up and down on either side of NY the bright blue water lay gently rippling, while to the south it merged into the great bay and disappeared toward the sea. The vast cities spread away on both sides. Beyond rolled the hilly country until it was lost in the mists of the sky. All up and down the harbor the shipping, piers , and buildings were still gaily decorated. On the housetops of both Brooklyn and NY were multitudes of people.
主題句就是第一句。其他的句子只是細(xì)節(jié)，都是解釋、說(shuō)明第一句的。
不論主題句在句首也好，在句末也好，都是用一個(gè)完整的句子表達(dá)這一段的中心意思的，在這一類的文章中，識(shí)別主題句進(jìn)而抓住中心意思是比較容易的，比較困難的是識(shí)別、尋找隱含的中心意思，例如：
Tennis is not a difficult game to play , and you do not need a lot of equipment to play it. There must be two or four players. Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket. The players will also need some tennis balls. Of course, it is necessary to have a tennis court.
這一段的中心意思沒(méi)有用主題句表示出來(lái)，而是包含在這一段的上下文中，需要我們用自己的話進(jìn)行概括、歸納?？梢钥闯?，這一段的中心意思應(yīng)該是：Players need a court，rackets，and tennis balls。
正確處理閱讀中出現(xiàn)的生詞，提高閱讀速度
個(gè)別生詞不會(huì)影響我們對(duì)全文的理解，而且大綱中也允許有3%左右的生詞。對(duì)有些與答題無(wú)關(guān)的生詞一般可以忽略過(guò)去。如果有個(gè)別生詞影響了對(duì)全篇的理解和做題，就需要去猜測(cè)詞義。在考試中當(dāng)然是無(wú)法求助于字典的，一般可以有兩種方法：第一是根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷詞義。這種方法需要認(rèn)識(shí)大量的詞根，否則一切猜測(cè)都無(wú)從談起;第二種是根據(jù)與上下文的關(guān)系推測(cè)其詞義，生詞不是孤立的、封閉的，它所出現(xiàn)于其中的句子、段落都會(huì)提供很多的暗示和線索，其中最常見(jiàn)的上下文暗示或線索有以下五種：
1.同義詞或復(fù)述線索。在同一句子中使用另外一個(gè)詞，該詞與生詞具有基本相同的意義;或者，使用幾個(gè)詞來(lái)復(fù)述生詞的意義。例如：
下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相同：
A.The woman found herself in a difficult situation.In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help.
B.Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they.see on television.
2.比較/對(duì)照線索，一個(gè)句子可能包含有這樣一個(gè)詞，它與生詞具有相反的意義。作者有時(shí)使用on the other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)，提醒讀者注。意他要使用一個(gè)與生詞具有相反意義地詞語(yǔ)。
下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相反：
A.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.
B. Although the doctor usually performed the operation perfectly.the nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise.
3.例釋線索。作者有時(shí)給出一些例子，指示或解釋生詞的含義。
請(qǐng)閱讀下列句子，并通過(guò)每一句中的例子判斷黑體字的意義。
A.There was a kind of detachment about the old man's behavior.It appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to him.as if what you were saying were of no interest to him.
B.In a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxed.It was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other soldiers.
4.直接解釋的線索。作者有時(shí)擔(dān)心自己所使用的詞不易為讀者理解，于是就直接解釋該詞的意義。閱讀下列句子，找出黑體字的解釋語(yǔ)：
A.The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid;that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled.
B.From the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep liquids，and he placed it on the table in front of him.
5.經(jīng)驗(yàn)線索或情景線索。有些生詞可以根據(jù)它們所出現(xiàn)于其中的情景去理解;也可以結(jié)合讀者自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解。
閱讀下列句子，運(yùn)用每一個(gè)句子所描述的情景去推斷黑體字的含義：
A.Alan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took.
B.It was the first time Nancy had been in a big city.She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the street.with so many strange faces staring at her.
跳讀法 跳讀法是略讀法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。跳讀法就是讀的時(shí)候，頭腦中帶著問(wèn)題，尋找問(wèn)題的具體答案，采取跳躍、選擇閱讀的方法。一旦找到了問(wèn)題的具體答案，便立即停下來(lái)，跳讀法也是快讀的一種形式。如果略去冗余的單詞，文章所表達(dá)的思想并不受太大的影響。
用跳讀法做下面的練習(xí)，并迅速選出答案：
A.What_____(in 1836;a new car;yesterday)
B.Why________(last week;for some ice;very carefully)
C.Which_______(the green box;45 cents;in ten minutes)
D.How________($649;very quickly;a new red car)
E.Where________(at 9 PM;every meming;in Florida)
F.When_______(under the table;with Susan and Joe;about five hours ago)
G.Who_______(a very good coach;Mr.Roberts;some pens and pencils)
除了以上幾點(diǎn)，還有很多其他的方法可以用來(lái)提高閱讀速度，例如句群閱讀法等。無(wú)論是哪種方法目的都是為了在提高速度的同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)文章的理解。因此，無(wú)論采用哪種形式，一定要記住不要為了一棵樹(shù)苗而忘記了整片森林。不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞可以跳過(guò)去，大部分的生詞并不影響對(duì)整個(gè)句子意思的理解，不要一遇到生詞心里就慌了。
A.apple fruit orange
B.animal cat dog bird
c.green red yellow color
D.chair table furniture couch
E.nurse profession teacher lawyer
段落的中心意思與句子的中心意思是類似的。一般有兩種情況:一種是表明的中心意思，另一種是隱含的中心意思。表明的中心意思常常用一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子來(lái)表示，隱含的中心盡想需要讀者用自己的話去概括、歸納整篇或整段的含義。
要想在考試中在閱讀理解部分取得高分，首先必須學(xué)會(huì)尋找中心思想、抓住中心思想，特別是段落的中心思想。主題句的位置比較靈活，有的在段首。有的在段末，有的則居段中，但主題句在段首的比較多。例如：
As the sun went down , the scene from the bridge was beautiful, It had been a perfect day. Up and down on either side of NY the bright blue water lay gently rippling, while to the south it merged into the great bay and disappeared toward the sea. The vast cities spread away on both sides. Beyond rolled the hilly country until it was lost in the mists of the sky. All up and down the harbor the shipping, piers , and buildings were still gaily decorated. On the housetops of both Brooklyn and NY were multitudes of people.
主題句就是第一句。其他的句子只是細(xì)節(jié)，都是解釋、說(shuō)明第一句的。
不論主題句在句首也好，在句末也好，都是用一個(gè)完整的句子表達(dá)這一段的中心意思的，在這一類的文章中，識(shí)別主題句進(jìn)而抓住中心意思是比較容易的，比較困難的是識(shí)別、尋找隱含的中心意思，例如：
Tennis is not a difficult game to play , and you do not need a lot of equipment to play it. There must be two or four players. Each player should have a comfortable tennis racket. The players will also need some tennis balls. Of course, it is necessary to have a tennis court.
這一段的中心意思沒(méi)有用主題句表示出來(lái)，而是包含在這一段的上下文中，需要我們用自己的話進(jìn)行概括、歸納?？梢钥闯?，這一段的中心意思應(yīng)該是：Players need a court，rackets，and tennis balls。
正確處理閱讀中出現(xiàn)的生詞，提高閱讀速度
個(gè)別生詞不會(huì)影響我們對(duì)全文的理解，而且大綱中也允許有3%左右的生詞。對(duì)有些與答題無(wú)關(guān)的生詞一般可以忽略過(guò)去。如果有個(gè)別生詞影響了對(duì)全篇的理解和做題，就需要去猜測(cè)詞義。在考試中當(dāng)然是無(wú)法求助于字典的，一般可以有兩種方法：第一是根據(jù)構(gòu)詞法判斷詞義。這種方法需要認(rèn)識(shí)大量的詞根，否則一切猜測(cè)都無(wú)從談起;第二種是根據(jù)與上下文的關(guān)系推測(cè)其詞義，生詞不是孤立的、封閉的，它所出現(xiàn)于其中的句子、段落都會(huì)提供很多的暗示和線索，其中最常見(jiàn)的上下文暗示或線索有以下五種：
1.同義詞或復(fù)述線索。在同一句子中使用另外一個(gè)詞，該詞與生詞具有基本相同的意義;或者，使用幾個(gè)詞來(lái)復(fù)述生詞的意義。例如：
下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相同：
A.The woman found herself in a difficult situation.In fact her plight was so serious that she decided to get help.
B.Children often try to emulate or copy the behavior that they.see on television.
2.比較/對(duì)照線索，一個(gè)句子可能包含有這樣一個(gè)詞，它與生詞具有相反的意義。作者有時(shí)使用on the other hand，however，although，unlike，yet和but等轉(zhuǎn)折語(yǔ)，提醒讀者注。意他要使用一個(gè)與生詞具有相反意義地詞語(yǔ)。
下面黑體字與畫(huà)框的字意義相反：
A.Some people like to walk quickly home after work，but I prefer to stroll home and look at the store windows along the way.
B. Although the doctor usually performed the operation perfectly.the nurse knew he had slipped when she saw the patient's blood pressure suddenly rise.
3.例釋線索。作者有時(shí)給出一些例子，指示或解釋生詞的含義。
請(qǐng)閱讀下列句子，并通過(guò)每一句中的例子判斷黑體字的意義。
A.There was a kind of detachment about the old man's behavior.It appeared as if he didn't care what you were saying to him.as if what you were saying were of no interest to him.
B.In a battle situation he always appeared calm and relaxed.It was this calm demeanor that earned him the respect and admiration of the other soldiers.
4.直接解釋的線索。作者有時(shí)擔(dān)心自己所使用的詞不易為讀者理解，于是就直接解釋該詞的意義。閱讀下列句子，找出黑體字的解釋語(yǔ)：
A.The powerful poison was imperceptible when mixed in liquid;that is，it could not be tasted，seen，or smelled.
B.From the shelf above him。the old man took down a phiaI，a small glass bottle used to keep liquids，and he placed it on the table in front of him.
5.經(jīng)驗(yàn)線索或情景線索。有些生詞可以根據(jù)它們所出現(xiàn)于其中的情景去理解;也可以結(jié)合讀者自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)去理解。
閱讀下列句子，運(yùn)用每一個(gè)句子所描述的情景去推斷黑體字的含義：
A.Alan found himself on the first floor of an old，seemingly abandoned building，as he walked up to the second floor he could hear the old wooden stairs creak with each step he took.
B.It was the first time Nancy had been in a big city.She felt a little apprehensive as she walked out onto the street.with so many strange faces staring at her.
跳讀法 跳讀法是略讀法的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。跳讀法就是讀的時(shí)候，頭腦中帶著問(wèn)題，尋找問(wèn)題的具體答案，采取跳躍、選擇閱讀的方法。一旦找到了問(wèn)題的具體答案，便立即停下來(lái)，跳讀法也是快讀的一種形式。如果略去冗余的單詞，文章所表達(dá)的思想并不受太大的影響。
用跳讀法做下面的練習(xí)，并迅速選出答案：
A.What_____(in 1836;a new car;yesterday)
B.Why________(last week;for some ice;very carefully)
C.Which_______(the green box;45 cents;in ten minutes)
D.How________($649;very quickly;a new red car)
E.Where________(at 9 PM;every meming;in Florida)
F.When_______(under the table;with Susan and Joe;about five hours ago)
G.Who_______(a very good coach;Mr.Roberts;some pens and pencils)
除了以上幾點(diǎn)，還有很多其他的方法可以用來(lái)提高閱讀速度，例如句群閱讀法等。無(wú)論是哪種方法目的都是為了在提高速度的同時(shí)加強(qiáng)對(duì)文章的理解。因此，無(wú)論采用哪種形式，一定要記住不要為了一棵樹(shù)苗而忘記了整片森林。不認(rèn)識(shí)的生詞可以跳過(guò)去，大部分的生詞并不影響對(duì)整個(gè)句子意思的理解，不要一遇到生詞心里就慌了。