GRE類比分類大全(1)

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1.個體組成團體的關(guān)系
    一個集合體的名詞和一個表示個體的名詞放在一起,由多個個體可以組成一個集合體,如choir和singer,cast和actor,orchestra和instrumentalist,flock和birds,school和fish,herd和cattle,soldier和army,colony和bacterium,armada和vehicle,fusillade和projectiles,barrage和explosives,gravel和pebble,nation和citizen.
    有時需考慮這個個體在組成團體時的規(guī)律性及團體自身的特點,如matrix和number只能對應(yīng)crystal和atom而不能對應(yīng)gas和molecule.再如tile組成mosaic,stitch組成sampler,還有array和number,formation和soldier.
    2.人和其特點的關(guān)系
    (1)人和其性格特點的正/反面關(guān)系
    正面,如:zealot和fervor,altruist和self1essness,partisan和allegiance,diplomat和tact,inventor和ingenuity,coward和craven,dupe和credulous,acrobat和agility,boor和insensitive,loner和solitary,surgeon和dexterity,blowhard和boastfu1,toady和obsequious,supplicant和humility,adversary和resistance,recluse和withdrawn,bigot和biased,wag和humorous,dolt和stupid.
    反面,如:maverick和conformity,stickler和approximation,purist和adulteration,heretic和orthodoxy,poseur和sincerity,recluse和gregariousness,coward和brave,philanthropist和selfish,neophyte和experience,boor和sensitivity,yokel和sophistication.
    (2)人和其行為的正/反面關(guān)系
    正面,如:proctor和supervise,prodigal和squander,conspirators和collusion,juggernaut和crush,quisling和betray,foragers和grazing,hunter和stalking,faultfinder和criticize,arbitrator和mediate,instigator和incite,bully和browbeat.
    反面,如:extrovert和reserve,miser和spend.
    有時需注意動作的作用對象的區(qū)分,如ascetic和indu1ge只能對應(yīng)libertine和restrain而不能對應(yīng)benefactor和stint.
    (3)人及其追求的目標(biāo):hedonist和pleasure,recluse和privacy,ascetic和self一control.
    (4)人及其必然擁有的特點:pundits和authoritativeness,expert和expertise,pest和irksome.
    (5)人及其過分擁有的特點:gourmand和appetite,miser和thrifty,chauvanist和patriotism,querulous和complain.
    3.事物及其正/反面特點
    正面:whim和capricious,fact和objective,synopsis和condensed,plant和herbaceous,trees和arborea1,orchestra和instrumenta1,labyrinth和tortuous,ornament和decorative,gadfly和annoying,stealth和furtive,caprice和whimsica1,bombast和pompous,tirade和critical.
    反面:chance和inevitable,invention和insipid,imagination和prosaic,gaucherie和urbane,melodrama和subtlety,chimera和authenticity.
    4.程度比較(一般說來,兩個單詞的詞性是相同的)
    (1)形容詞的程度比較:一般比較簡單,兩個單詞修飾同一個方面,但在程度上有所差異。如g1aring和bright,deafening和loud,minuscule和smal1,saturated和moist,obvious和perceptible,crucial和relevant,agog和interested,fanatic和devoted.但有時也比較復(fù)雜,如rapacious和covetous,prude和proper,paranoid和suspicious,ido1atrous和devoted,zealous和enthusiastic,stygian和dark,abysmal和1ow.
    有時會夾雜褒貶類比,如:attentive和officious,refined和snobbish,receptive和gullible,frugal和penurious,compliant和obsequious,talkative和garrulous,sweet和cloying,confident和arrogant.
    (2)動詞的程度類比可分兩種:
    一種是這個動作在表示動作主體的態(tài)度的強烈程度上的差異,如:complain和carp,indulge和mollycoddle,instruct和goad,tend和fuss,reproach和upbraid,1ike和dote,suggest和urge;
    另一種是動作本身激烈程度或造成結(jié)果的強烈程度上的差異,如:drink和guzzle,embarrass和mortify,glimmer和dazzle,warm和sear,involve和entangle,trickle和gush,gnaw和nibble,quaff和sip,gobble和nibble,suffuse和tint,wander和amble,enrage和irk.
    (3)名詞的程度比較,也可分為兩類。
    一類是具體名詞的程度比較,也可以叫同類物質(zhì)的大小的比較,如twig和1imb,pebb1e和boulder,quibble和objection,foible和flaw,figurine和colossus,storm和hurricane,fire和inferno,tiff和quarrel,minutiae和details,elapse和error,nuance和distinction,inkling和indication.
    另一類是抽象名詞的程度比較,兩者在態(tài)度的強烈程度上或結(jié)果的嚴(yán)重程度上有差異,如:admonishment和castigation,irreverence和blasphemy,confusion和delirium,unconsciousness和coma,peccadillo和sin,ecstasy和pleasure,surprise和astonishment,pride和hubris.
    5.直接修飾
    一個adj和一個n放在一起,這個adj可以對這個n做出某些限定。如redolent和smel1,前者表示了后者的一種好的性狀,此類關(guān)系中對應(yīng)選項的特點也應(yīng)是adj可對n進(jìn)行限定,并且此adj應(yīng)和題干中的adj的上下對應(yīng)很工整,如褒貶的對應(yīng),簡單/復(fù)雜狀態(tài)的對應(yīng)等。所以做這類題的關(guān)鍵是要大家對于這兩個adj有一種正確的感覺。如:1aconic和speech對應(yīng)austere和design,articulate和speech對應(yīng)graceful和movement,volatile和temper對應(yīng)ready和wit,frenetic和movement對應(yīng)fanatical和belief,fetid和smell對應(yīng)ug1y和appearance.
    抽象名詞也可修飾名詞的特點,如stridency和sound對應(yīng)garishness和appearance,此時抽象名詞的特點的上下對應(yīng)是找到答案的關(guān)鍵。