成考專升本英文時(shí)態(tài)知識(shí)點(diǎn)匯總

字號(hào):

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
    1、 表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)?;蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常和often , always, usually ,sometimes,everyday 等時(shí)間狀語連用;
    2、 表示主語的特征、性格、能力等;
    3、 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理;
    4、 表示安排或計(jì)劃好的將來要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;The plane takes off at 10 am .
    5、 在時(shí)間或條件狀語中,表示將來的動(dòng)作;When you see her just tell her that I am all right .
    6、 在某些文學(xué)作品的情節(jié)描寫中,代替過去時(shí),表示或用于引述書刊材料;The author says that the soldiers fight for freedom not for money.
    一般過去時(shí)
    用于表示過去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用,如yesterday,last week,three years ago , in 1987, at the time , in July .
    一般將來時(shí)
    主要用于表示將來發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況
    在時(shí)間或條件狀語中,一般不用將來時(shí),而是用現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來時(shí)。I‘ll let you know the result when I finish everything.
    1、 shall, will + 動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成一般將來時(shí);
    2、 am (is , are) going to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示近期打算去做的事情或可能要發(fā)生的事情;
    3、 am (is , are) about to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作;
    4、 am (is , an) to + 動(dòng)詞原型,表示必須或計(jì)劃要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 You are to be here by 4 pm for collecting the shipment you ordered .
    過去將來時(shí)
    用于表示過去某一時(shí)間內(nèi),將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)
    was (were) going to +動(dòng)詞原型
    was (were) about to +動(dòng)詞原型
    was (were) to + 動(dòng)詞原型 表示過去某時(shí)間內(nèi)計(jì)劃、打算或一定要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
    go, come , stay , leave, start 的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以表示將來即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
    He is coming to see you tomorrow .
    hate, like, love, believe, think, look, mind, have, seem, sound, smell, taste 通常不使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)
    過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 He was making a long distance phone call to his friend in Australia from 10 to 11 last night .
    go, come , stay , leave, start 的過去進(jìn)行時(shí)形式可以表示過去將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作
    將來進(jìn)行時(shí)
    將來進(jìn)行時(shí)用于在將來的某一段時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,或按計(jì)劃在未來將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
    This time next week she will be working in the company .
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
    表示從過去,但持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作,或表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,但對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍留有某種后果和造成影響。 He has paid his income tax.
    過去完成時(shí)
    用來表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間或某個(gè)動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作,或者表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。
    He said that the group had written him a letter and asked him to go there for an intervier .
    將來完成時(shí)
    用來表示在將來某時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作
    I am sure he will have left Tokyo by this time tomorrow .
    現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示從過去某一個(gè)時(shí)間開始一直延續(xù)要現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作, 這個(gè)動(dòng)作可能剛剛結(jié)束,或者可能要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去。 She has been working in Guangzhou since 1985 .
    過去完成進(jìn)行時(shí)
    表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)開始而又延續(xù)到過去這個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作。 可能剛剛停止,也可能還在繼續(xù)。 He told me that he had been a teacher of physics for more than twenty years .
    在表示時(shí)間或條件關(guān)系的主從復(fù)合句中,遵照“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,主句用將來時(shí)態(tài),從句用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。
    被動(dòng)語態(tài)
    助動(dòng)詞be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞
    含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be + 及物動(dòng)詞的過去分辭
    短語動(dòng)詞 :example takes good care >> taken good care
    虛擬語氣
    用來表示非真實(shí)的假設(shè),表示命令、建議或說話人的主觀愿望
    條件從句 主句
    違背現(xiàn)在事實(shí) 過去式 should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形
    If the manager were here , he might make a decision immediately
    違背過去事實(shí) had + 過去分詞 should / would / could / might + have + 過去分詞
    I could have done it better if I had been more careful
    違背將來事實(shí) should + 動(dòng)詞原形 should / would / could / might + 動(dòng)詞原形
    were + 動(dòng)詞不定式( were to + 動(dòng)詞原形)
    If it should rain tomorrow , what could we do ?
    在下列結(jié)構(gòu)的主語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣
    It is necessary / imperative / important / essential / advisable that
    It is proposed / desired / requested / suggested / recommended / demanded / decided / arranged that
    混合虛擬句 條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作,在時(shí)間上不一致,動(dòng)詞形式需要調(diào)整
    If you had taken the medicine yesterday , you would be well now.
    Suggest , order , ask , demand , command , request , require etc.這些動(dòng)詞的賓語從句用虛擬句, 在這些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中,助動(dòng)詞一律是should .
    It is ( It was ) important ,其后的主語從句用虛擬語氣,助動(dòng)詞用should .
    It is important that we ( should ) learn computer .
    Wish + ( that ) 從句,通常表示不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 表示現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是,從句中的動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí);表示過去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)時(shí),從句中的動(dòng)詞用had + 過去分詞。
    但是,從句中動(dòng)詞用would (might ) + 動(dòng)詞原形時(shí),表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)碛锌赡軐?shí)現(xiàn)的愿望
    I wish I knew a little contract law . 但愿我知道一點(diǎn)合同法(我不知道)
    I wish you would come tomorrow . 我希望你明天能來 (有可能來)
    As if / as thought 引導(dǎo)的狀語從句(或表語從句)中,常用虛擬語氣。
    如果從句表示的意思與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞則應(yīng)使用過去式;
    如果從句表示的意思與過去事實(shí)相反,謂語動(dòng)詞則使用 had + 過去分詞的形式 .
    基本句型
    主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 The two-man spaceship took off this morning .
    主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 The drilling machine is making a hole .
    主語 + 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語 The answer is off the point .
    主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語
    The new approach has saved us a great deal of time
    主語 + 謂語動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓語補(bǔ)足語 We like our guests to feel at home .
    常用連詞
    等立連詞:and , so , not only ~ but also , neither ~ now , or , otherwise , either ~ or , but , yet , still , however , while ,whereas, for
    常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞
    主從連詞 that , whether , if
    連接代詞 who , whom , whose , what , where , which
    連接副詞 when , where , why , how
    倒裝句
    Never , Scarcely , hardly , rarely , little , nowhere , no sooner ~ than , not only , in no case , in no way , on no accoune , at no time , under no circumstances (這些詞或詞組放在句首作壯語時(shí))
    There be 句型和大多數(shù)的疑問句都是倒裝句
    Here , there , then , thus 等副詞放在句首時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞為come , be , exist , follow 等不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí),句子一般都為全部倒裝 Here is a book for you . Here comes the bus .
    句首為 so , nor , neither 等副詞時(shí)、表明前句說明的情況也適用于本句時(shí) ,句子為倒裝
    Richard can speak Japanese . So can his sister
    在虛擬語氣中,非真實(shí)條件從句中的連詞省略時(shí),句子為倒裝。這時(shí),倒裝到主語前的助動(dòng)次 had ,should 和動(dòng)詞were . Had I left a little earlier , I would have missed the train
    so / nor / neither + 系動(dòng)詞/ 助動(dòng)詞 / 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + 主語
    表示前句中謂語所說明的情況也同樣適用于后句中的主語,用到裝。
    He doesn‘t like music . Nor / Neither do I .
    在Hardly ~~ when 和 No sooner ~~ than 以及 Not until 的句型中,由于否定詞或否定詞組放在句首,主句部分中的主、謂要到裝———助動(dòng)詞 + 主語 + 動(dòng)詞原形
    No sooner had he got well than he left the hospital .
    直接引語和間接引語
    John said , “ I ‘m going to London with my father .”
    John said that he was going to London with his father .
    一般疑問句變成以if (whether ) 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句
    He said , “Have you all understood this passage ?”
    He asked the class if they had all understood that passage .
    祈使句變?yōu)閯?dòng)詞不定式, 作ask , tell 等動(dòng)詞的賓語補(bǔ)足語。表示命令時(shí)常用 tell , order 等;表示請(qǐng)求時(shí)常用ask , beg 等動(dòng)詞,原句中的don‘t 應(yīng)變?yōu)?not .
    The manager said to the clerk , “Be polite to all the clients .”
    The manager told the clerk to be polite to all the clients .
    如主句謂語動(dòng)詞為各種現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般將來時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞仍保持直接引語的原來時(shí)態(tài)
    He says , “ I am very busy reading the book .”
    He says that he is very busy reading the book .
    如主句謂語動(dòng)詞為過去時(shí),間接引語中的動(dòng)詞應(yīng)發(fā)生如下變化:
    一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)———一般過去時(shí)
    現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)———過去進(jìn)行時(shí)
    一般將來時(shí)———過去將來時(shí)
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)———過去完成時(shí)
    一般過去時(shí)———過去完成時(shí) 過去完成時(shí)不變
    直接引語轉(zhuǎn)換成間接引語時(shí),代詞一般相應(yīng)變化如下:
    this —— that last week – the week before
    therse – those three days ago – three days before
    now – then tomorrow – the next day
    today – that day next week – the (next ) following week
    this week – that week here —— there
    yesterday – the day before come – go
    介詞
    at 表示確切的時(shí)間點(diǎn)或較短暫的一段時(shí)間 at two o‘clock
    in 表示一天中的各部分時(shí)間或較長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間 in the morning , in spring , in 1967
    on表示具體的某一天或某一天的上午或下午 on Sunday , on Monday afternoon
    durning 表示一段時(shí)間 ,強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間的延續(xù) durning the Summer vacation
    at one time 過去有段時(shí)間、從前
    at the same time 同時(shí)
    on time 按時(shí)
    below 表示低于 , 溫度低于多少度
    above 表示高于 , 溫度高于多少度
    幾個(gè)形容詞修飾一個(gè)名詞的時(shí)候,排列順序如下:
    好壞、美丑等 + 大小、新舊、顏色 + 質(zhì)地、屬性 + 名詞
    和前綴a- 組成的形容詞只能做表語而不能做定語, afraid , alive , alike ,alone , ashamed , asleep , awake etc.
    非謂語動(dòng)詞
    forget to do something 忘了而沒有做某事
    forget doing something 忘了已做過某事
    remember to do something 記住了要去做某事
    remember doing something 記得已經(jīng)做過的事情
    stop to do something 停下正做的事情去做別的事情
    stop doing something 停下手中正在做的事
    go on to do something 接下來做另一件事情
    go on doing something 繼續(xù)做一直在做的事情
    動(dòng)詞need , want , require 和形容詞 worth 后,可接動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式來表示被動(dòng)的意義
    現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式與及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞都表示被動(dòng):
    前者表示被修飾的名詞正在承受的行為 The problem being discussed is important
    后者表示承受過了的行為 The problem discussed yesterday was important .
    情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
    must + have + 過去分詞,表示對(duì)過去的某事做出肯定性的判斷;
    must + 動(dòng)詞原形 ,表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在的某事作出肯定性的判斷。
    Need not + have +過去分詞 表示過去做了本沒有必要做的事情
    主謂一致 (語法一致、意義一致、就近)
    謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù):
    不定式、動(dòng)名詞或名詞性結(jié)構(gòu)從句作主語時(shí);
    事件、國(guó)名、機(jī)構(gòu)名稱、作品名稱作主語時(shí);
    one , every , everyone , everybody , each , one of , many a , either , neither , no one , nobody , anybody ,some body 做主語或修飾主語時(shí);
    表示時(shí)間、距離、金錢、體積、數(shù)字等詞語作主語表示總量時(shí);
    a person of , a series of , a kind of 等表示一個(gè)、一種、一系列等詞組用來修飾主語時(shí);
    集體名次作主語表示一個(gè)整體概念時(shí)。
    謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)
    both , few , many , several 等詞語作主語或修飾主語時(shí);(some 不一定)
    形容詞前加定冠詞用于泛指一類時(shí);
    cattle , people , police , clothes 等名詞作主語時(shí);
    由and 連接兩個(gè)主語時(shí);
    a number of 修飾主語時(shí)。