六級(jí):語(yǔ)法小點(diǎn)——時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)要點(diǎn)

字號(hào):

(一) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
    在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,從句中不能用將來(lái)時(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。例如:
    unless you get rid of smoking, you will not stay healthy.
    你只有戒煙,才能保持健康。
    when you come next time, i’ll show you around our campus.
    你下次來(lái)時(shí),我將帶你到我們的校園去看看。
    (二) 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
    過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)可以用“was/ were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),表示過(guò)去正要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。此外,過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)也可以用“was/ were to + 動(dòng)詞原形”或“was/ were + 現(xiàn)在分詞”及一般過(guò)去時(shí)等表示。例如:
    i was told that the press conference was to be held the next day.
    我被告知記者招待會(huì)將在第二天舉行。
    i was about to leave when the telephone rang.
    我正要離開,這時(shí)電話鈴響了。
    (三) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
    一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。常用“will/ shall + 動(dòng)詞原形”形式來(lái)表示,含有“預(yù)見(jiàn)、意圖”之意。shall常用于第一人稱,will用于第二、三人稱。執(zhí)⒂鎦?,shall也常用于第一人稱?!癰e to + 動(dòng)詞原形”也可以表示將來(lái)時(shí),表示預(yù)定、義務(wù)、可能、命令或吩咐等。例如:
    i hope that he will be able to go to the party.
    我希望他能參加聚會(huì)。
    she will be back in a minute.
    她一會(huì)就回來(lái)了。
    he is to return from germany tomorrow.
    他明天將從德國(guó)回來(lái)。(預(yù)定)
    you are to be back by 9 o’clock.
    你要在九點(diǎn)以前回家。(義務(wù))
    you are not to stay too late outside.
    你不要在外面呆得太晚。(命令)
    (四) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
    現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)主要有兩中用法:已完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響;未完成的動(dòng)作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的情況。
    1. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)已完成用法表示說(shuō)話的時(shí)候這個(gè)動(dòng)作已經(jīng)結(jié)束,只是對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響(結(jié)果)??梢圆挥脮r(shí)間狀語(yǔ),也可以和一些表示不定時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用,如 already, yet, lately, often, rarely, ever, now, just, today等。例如:
    he has returned the book.
    他已經(jīng)歸還了那本書。
    mary has (already) gone to japan.
    瑪麗已經(jīng)到日本去了。
    2. 未完成用法指動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去某時(shí)開始繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,可能繼續(xù)下去,也可能剛剛結(jié)束,通常要與某些表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。
    1)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常和for 或 since等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用,但是在since做連詞用的從句中,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去時(shí)。例如
    i have worked in the company since i came to the city.
    自從到這個(gè)城市以來(lái),我一直在這家公司工作。
    the students have studied english for about ten years.
    那些學(xué)生學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)差不多十年了。
    2)在由until (till, up to) now, up to the present, so far, some time, in (for, over, during) the past (last, recent ) few (several, two…) months (days…) 等結(jié)構(gòu)中也常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)。例如:
    up to now, i have finished two-thirds of the work.
    到目前為止,我已完成了三分之二的工作。
    so far she has written five books.
    她到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)寫了五本書了。