Lesson 6
Aggressive Patriotism in Sports
Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
名人名言
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
—Winston Churchill
體育運動中激進的愛國主義
一些人認為國際體育運動能夠在國與國之間創(chuàng)造友善。另外一些人認為情況恰恰相反：國際競賽會鼓勵產(chǎn)生過激的民族自尊心，從而導(dǎo)致誤解和仇恨。也許兩種觀點都有一些正確之處，但是近年來舉辦的奧林匹克運動會幾乎沒有證據(jù)支持運動會能夠增進國際友愛這種觀點。在奧運會中不僅有謀殺運動員這樣的慘案，而且運動會的形象也被主要由少數(shù)國家的競賽引發(fā)的小型事件(incident)破壞了。
某次曲棍球決賽后，一個國家在大家明顯的公憤（indignation）中贏得了銀牌。在曲棍球(hockey)比賽接近尾聲時，場面一片混亂，失敗者反對最后的裁決。他們堅信他們的一次進球不應(yīng)被判無效，對手的勝利是不公平的。他們的經(jīng)理在說這些話時十分憤怒：“這不是曲棍球。曲棍球和國際曲棍球聯(lián)合會都完蛋了。”聯(lián)合會主席后來說球隊這樣的行為可導(dǎo)致其被判停賽（suspension）至少3年。
在前蘇聯(lián)與美國的一場結(jié)局具有爭議性的比賽之后，美國籃球隊宣稱他們不會向蘇聯(lián)隊屈服。這場比賽在*（disturbance）中結(jié)束。一開始大家認為美國隊將以一分的優(yōu)勢獲勝，但是后來宣布離比賽結(jié)束還有3秒鐘。然后，一位蘇聯(lián)選手從賽場一端把球向另一端傳去，接著另一位選手將球扣入籃中。這是美國籃球隊首次在奧林匹克籃球賽中失利。美國隊員投票表決拒絕接受銀牌。
只要體育運動仍是為競爭而不是因熱愛運動本身而舉辦，那么此類事件就會層出不窮。目前奧林匹克組織太過于鼓勵激進愛國主義精神（patriotism）了。
名人名言
也可以這么說，明智的、勤奮的、有用的人可以分成兩類：第一類，他們工作就是工作，娛樂就是娛樂。第二類，他們的工作和娛樂是一碼事。在這兩種人當(dāng)中，前者占多數(shù)。他們得到相應(yīng)的補償（compensations）。長時間的辦公室或工廠里工作，作為回報給他們帶來的不僅是維持生計的金錢，而且是一種渴求消遣的強烈欲望，哪怕這種消遣是以最簡單、最樸實的方式進行。命運的寵兒則屬于第二類人。他們的生活是一種自然的和諧。對他們來說，工作時間永遠太短，每個工作日都是假期；正常的假日來臨之時，他們總是抱怨（grudged）他們正在全神貫注的工作被強行中斷。然而，對于這兩種人來說，變換一下視角，改變（diversion）一下氛圍，做一件別的事，是十分必要的。的確如此，那些工作即娛樂的人們很可能最需要以某種方式使他們每隔一段時間可以把工作從大腦中驅(qū)逐（banishing）出去。
——溫斯頓·丘吉爾
Aggressive Patriotism in Sports
Some people believe that international sports create goodwill between the nations. Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred. There is probably some truth in both arguments, but in recent years the Olympic Games have done little to support the view that sports encourages international brotherhood. Not only was there the tragic incident involving the murder of athletes, but the Games were also ruined by lesser incidents caused principally by minor national contests.
One country received its second-place medals with visible indignation after the hockey final. There had been noisy scenes at the end of the hockey match, the losers objecting to the final decisions. They were convinced that one of their goals should not have been disallowed and that their opponents’ victory was unfair. Their manager was in a rage when he said: “This wasn’t hockey. Hockey and the International Hockey Federation are finished.” The president of the Federation said later that such behavior could result in the suspension of the team for at least three years.
The American basketball team announced that they would not yield first place to Russia, after a disputable end to their contest. The game had ended in disturbance. It was thought at first that the United States had won, by a single point, but it was announced that there were three seconds still to play. A Russian player then threw the ball from one end of the court to the other, and another player popped it into the basket. It was the first time the USA had ever lost an Olympic basketball match. The American players then voted not to receive the silver medals.
Incidents of this kind will continue as long as sport is played competitively rather than for the love of the game. In the present organization of the Olympics there is far too much that encourages aggressive patriotism.
名人名言
It may also be said that rational, industrious, useful human beings are divided into two classes: first, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have their compensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. But Fortune’s favoured children belong to the second class. Their life is a natural harmony. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays when they come are grudged as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential. Indeed, it may well be that those whose work is their pleasure are those who most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.
—Winston Churchill
體育運動中激進的愛國主義
一些人認為國際體育運動能夠在國與國之間創(chuàng)造友善。另外一些人認為情況恰恰相反：國際競賽會鼓勵產(chǎn)生過激的民族自尊心，從而導(dǎo)致誤解和仇恨。也許兩種觀點都有一些正確之處，但是近年來舉辦的奧林匹克運動會幾乎沒有證據(jù)支持運動會能夠增進國際友愛這種觀點。在奧運會中不僅有謀殺運動員這樣的慘案，而且運動會的形象也被主要由少數(shù)國家的競賽引發(fā)的小型事件(incident)破壞了。
某次曲棍球決賽后，一個國家在大家明顯的公憤（indignation）中贏得了銀牌。在曲棍球(hockey)比賽接近尾聲時，場面一片混亂，失敗者反對最后的裁決。他們堅信他們的一次進球不應(yīng)被判無效，對手的勝利是不公平的。他們的經(jīng)理在說這些話時十分憤怒：“這不是曲棍球。曲棍球和國際曲棍球聯(lián)合會都完蛋了。”聯(lián)合會主席后來說球隊這樣的行為可導(dǎo)致其被判停賽（suspension）至少3年。
在前蘇聯(lián)與美國的一場結(jié)局具有爭議性的比賽之后，美國籃球隊宣稱他們不會向蘇聯(lián)隊屈服。這場比賽在*（disturbance）中結(jié)束。一開始大家認為美國隊將以一分的優(yōu)勢獲勝，但是后來宣布離比賽結(jié)束還有3秒鐘。然后，一位蘇聯(lián)選手從賽場一端把球向另一端傳去，接著另一位選手將球扣入籃中。這是美國籃球隊首次在奧林匹克籃球賽中失利。美國隊員投票表決拒絕接受銀牌。
只要體育運動仍是為競爭而不是因熱愛運動本身而舉辦，那么此類事件就會層出不窮。目前奧林匹克組織太過于鼓勵激進愛國主義精神（patriotism）了。
名人名言
也可以這么說，明智的、勤奮的、有用的人可以分成兩類：第一類，他們工作就是工作，娛樂就是娛樂。第二類，他們的工作和娛樂是一碼事。在這兩種人當(dāng)中，前者占多數(shù)。他們得到相應(yīng)的補償（compensations）。長時間的辦公室或工廠里工作，作為回報給他們帶來的不僅是維持生計的金錢，而且是一種渴求消遣的強烈欲望，哪怕這種消遣是以最簡單、最樸實的方式進行。命運的寵兒則屬于第二類人。他們的生活是一種自然的和諧。對他們來說，工作時間永遠太短，每個工作日都是假期；正常的假日來臨之時，他們總是抱怨（grudged）他們正在全神貫注的工作被強行中斷。然而，對于這兩種人來說，變換一下視角，改變（diversion）一下氛圍，做一件別的事，是十分必要的。的確如此，那些工作即娛樂的人們很可能最需要以某種方式使他們每隔一段時間可以把工作從大腦中驅(qū)逐（banishing）出去。
——溫斯頓·丘吉爾