經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整
The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee, held in 1978, made the decision to shift the policy stress to socialist modernization, and implement the strategic decision on reform and opening to the outside world. The reform began in the countryside: The contracted household responsibility system linking remuneration to output and the feattwo-layer management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization began to be implemented; centralized and assigned purchases of agricultural and sideline products were gradually eliminated, and controls on the prices of most agricultural and sideline products were relaxed; the adjustment of the industrial structure in rural areas, the development of diversified operations and township enterprises mobilized the peasants' socialist enthusiasm for production. The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 12th Central Committee, held in 1984, adopted the Decision on Restructuring the Economic System, which signaled the elevation of the reform of China's economic system to an urban-centered stage. The 14th National Congress of the CPC held in 1992 established Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as the guiding policy in China, and put forward the goal of China's economic reform as establishing a socialist market economy system. Its principal contents may be summarized as follows: Adopting a series of macro-adjustment and control measures to carry out the reform in depth and in all aspects, public ownership will continue to be the main form of ownership as various types of ownership are jointly developed; the operation mechanism of state-owned enterprises will be further transformed to meet the requirements of the market economy; the property rights and responsibilities of enterprises will be clearly defined, the functions of the government separated from those of enterprises, and enterprises scientifically managed; an open and unified national market system will be established, closely integrating urban and rural markets, providing for reciprocal flows between domestic and international markets, and promoting the optimization of resource allocation; changing the government's functions in economic management and establishing an optimal macro-regulatory system chiefly employing indirect means; an income distribution system based on distribution according to work will be established in which efficiency is given precedence and fairness in distribution is taken into account; a multi-tier social security system will be set up to accelerate the development of China's economy. The 15th National Congress of the CPC, held in 1997, put forward the viewpoint that the non-public- ownership sector is an important component part of China's socialist economy. Encouraging essential production factors, such as capital and technology, to participate in the distribution of gains enables the reform of China's economic system to take bigger steps. By 1999, the reform had gone smoothly in every aspect, and remarkable progress had been made. For instance, much work had been done to deepen the reform of the grain circulation system, the reform of state-owned enterprises and the reform of the banking system, and new achievements had been made. Reforms had been proposed for the housing and medical insurance systems; and plans for the reform of the investment, banking, financial and taxation systems were being formulated. The institutional restructuring of the State Council has been going smoothly, and has achieved important results. Now, China's socialist market economy system is being set up, the basic functions of the market in resource allocation have been obviously strengthened, and the initial framework of the macro-adjustment and control system has taken shape. Moreover, the form of economic growth is changing from the extensive to the intensive type. By 2010, China will have established a comparatively sound socialist market economy, which will be comparatively mature by 2020.
Notes
1.restructure vt.to alter the makeup or pattern of重建，改組
2.the Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee中國共產(chǎn)黨第十一屆中央委員會第三次全體會議
plenary adj. (指會議)全體出席的
session n.會議
3.to shift the policy stress to socialist modernization將政策重心轉(zhuǎn)移到社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)上來
4.reform and opening to the outside world對外改革開放
reform n.改革, 改善
5.the contracted household responsibility system linking remuneration to output包產(chǎn)到戶責任制
household n.家庭
remuneration n.報酬；酬勞
output n.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量
6.two-layer management system兩級管理體系
7.feature vt.以…為特色
8.integration n.綜合
9.centralized and assigned purchases of agricultural and sideline products集中采購分配農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品
assign v.to give out as a task; allot作為任務(wù)分出；分配
sideline n.副業(yè),
10.eliminate vt.除去；消除
11.control n.控制；管理
12.relax vt.放松；緩和
13.adjustment n.調(diào)整
14.diversify v.使多樣化, 作多樣性的投資
15.township enterprises鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)
16.Decision on Restructuring the Economic System關(guān)于經(jīng)濟體制改革的決定
17.signal vt.to relate or make known by signals以信號告知：用信號講述或表明
18.elevation n.上升, 提高,
19.the 14th National Congress of the CPC中國共產(chǎn)黨第十四屆全國代表大會
20.Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建設(shè)有中國特色社會主義的鄧小平理論
21.a socialist market economy system社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體系
22.macro-adjustment宏觀調(diào)整
23.operation mechanism運行機制
24.an open and unified national market system開放統(tǒng)一的全國市場體系
25.property rights產(chǎn)權(quán)
26.non-public- ownership sector非公經(jīng)濟所有制部門
27.reciprocal flows互流
reciprocal adj.互惠的, 彼此相反的
28.optimization of resource allocation優(yōu)化資源配置
29.an optimal macro-regulatory system優(yōu)化宏觀調(diào)控體系
30.indirect means間接手段
31.an income distribution system收入分配制度
32.distribution according to work按勞分配
33.efficiency is given precedence效率優(yōu)先
34.fairness in distribution分配公平
35.be taken into account被考慮
36.a multi-tier social security system多層次的社會主義保障體系
37.grain circulation system糧食流通體系
38.the housing and medical insurance systems住房醫(yī)療保險體系
39.the institutional restructuring of the State Council國務(wù)院機構(gòu)調(diào)整
40.form of economic growth changing from the extensive to the intensive type經(jīng)濟增長方式從粗放型到集約型轉(zhuǎn)變
The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee, held in 1978, made the decision to shift the policy stress to socialist modernization, and implement the strategic decision on reform and opening to the outside world. The reform began in the countryside: The contracted household responsibility system linking remuneration to output and the feattwo-layer management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization began to be implemented; centralized and assigned purchases of agricultural and sideline products were gradually eliminated, and controls on the prices of most agricultural and sideline products were relaxed; the adjustment of the industrial structure in rural areas, the development of diversified operations and township enterprises mobilized the peasants' socialist enthusiasm for production. The Third Plenary Session of the CPC 12th Central Committee, held in 1984, adopted the Decision on Restructuring the Economic System, which signaled the elevation of the reform of China's economic system to an urban-centered stage. The 14th National Congress of the CPC held in 1992 established Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics as the guiding policy in China, and put forward the goal of China's economic reform as establishing a socialist market economy system. Its principal contents may be summarized as follows: Adopting a series of macro-adjustment and control measures to carry out the reform in depth and in all aspects, public ownership will continue to be the main form of ownership as various types of ownership are jointly developed; the operation mechanism of state-owned enterprises will be further transformed to meet the requirements of the market economy; the property rights and responsibilities of enterprises will be clearly defined, the functions of the government separated from those of enterprises, and enterprises scientifically managed; an open and unified national market system will be established, closely integrating urban and rural markets, providing for reciprocal flows between domestic and international markets, and promoting the optimization of resource allocation; changing the government's functions in economic management and establishing an optimal macro-regulatory system chiefly employing indirect means; an income distribution system based on distribution according to work will be established in which efficiency is given precedence and fairness in distribution is taken into account; a multi-tier social security system will be set up to accelerate the development of China's economy. The 15th National Congress of the CPC, held in 1997, put forward the viewpoint that the non-public- ownership sector is an important component part of China's socialist economy. Encouraging essential production factors, such as capital and technology, to participate in the distribution of gains enables the reform of China's economic system to take bigger steps. By 1999, the reform had gone smoothly in every aspect, and remarkable progress had been made. For instance, much work had been done to deepen the reform of the grain circulation system, the reform of state-owned enterprises and the reform of the banking system, and new achievements had been made. Reforms had been proposed for the housing and medical insurance systems; and plans for the reform of the investment, banking, financial and taxation systems were being formulated. The institutional restructuring of the State Council has been going smoothly, and has achieved important results. Now, China's socialist market economy system is being set up, the basic functions of the market in resource allocation have been obviously strengthened, and the initial framework of the macro-adjustment and control system has taken shape. Moreover, the form of economic growth is changing from the extensive to the intensive type. By 2010, China will have established a comparatively sound socialist market economy, which will be comparatively mature by 2020.
Notes
1.restructure vt.to alter the makeup or pattern of重建，改組
2.the Third Plenary Session of the CPC 11th Central Committee中國共產(chǎn)黨第十一屆中央委員會第三次全體會議
plenary adj. (指會議)全體出席的
session n.會議
3.to shift the policy stress to socialist modernization將政策重心轉(zhuǎn)移到社會主義現(xiàn)代化建設(shè)上來
4.reform and opening to the outside world對外改革開放
reform n.改革, 改善
5.the contracted household responsibility system linking remuneration to output包產(chǎn)到戶責任制
household n.家庭
remuneration n.報酬；酬勞
output n.生產(chǎn)；產(chǎn)量
6.two-layer management system兩級管理體系
7.feature vt.以…為特色
8.integration n.綜合
9.centralized and assigned purchases of agricultural and sideline products集中采購分配農(nóng)副產(chǎn)品
assign v.to give out as a task; allot作為任務(wù)分出；分配
sideline n.副業(yè),
10.eliminate vt.除去；消除
11.control n.控制；管理
12.relax vt.放松；緩和
13.adjustment n.調(diào)整
14.diversify v.使多樣化, 作多樣性的投資
15.township enterprises鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)企業(yè)
16.Decision on Restructuring the Economic System關(guān)于經(jīng)濟體制改革的決定
17.signal vt.to relate or make known by signals以信號告知：用信號講述或表明
18.elevation n.上升, 提高,
19.the 14th National Congress of the CPC中國共產(chǎn)黨第十四屆全國代表大會
20.Deng Xiaoping's theory of building socialism with Chinese characteristics建設(shè)有中國特色社會主義的鄧小平理論
21.a socialist market economy system社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體系
22.macro-adjustment宏觀調(diào)整
23.operation mechanism運行機制
24.an open and unified national market system開放統(tǒng)一的全國市場體系
25.property rights產(chǎn)權(quán)
26.non-public- ownership sector非公經(jīng)濟所有制部門
27.reciprocal flows互流
reciprocal adj.互惠的, 彼此相反的
28.optimization of resource allocation優(yōu)化資源配置
29.an optimal macro-regulatory system優(yōu)化宏觀調(diào)控體系
30.indirect means間接手段
31.an income distribution system收入分配制度
32.distribution according to work按勞分配
33.efficiency is given precedence效率優(yōu)先
34.fairness in distribution分配公平
35.be taken into account被考慮
36.a multi-tier social security system多層次的社會主義保障體系
37.grain circulation system糧食流通體系
38.the housing and medical insurance systems住房醫(yī)療保險體系
39.the institutional restructuring of the State Council國務(wù)院機構(gòu)調(diào)整
40.form of economic growth changing from the extensive to the intensive type經(jīng)濟增長方式從粗放型到集約型轉(zhuǎn)變