復(fù)習(xí)內(nèi)容：賓語從句考點歸納
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語從句的語序——主句+連接詞+主語+謂語
3、掌握賓語從句，主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。
重點：語序和時態(tài)呼應(yīng)
難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應(yīng)；與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化；與狀語從句的辨析
考點梳理：
一、賓語從句的連接詞：
1、連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.
二、賓語從句的語序：
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
三、賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、其他需要說明的問題：
1、標(biāo)點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五、 賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動詞don’t know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達(dá)。
判斷方法：
1、可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”， 充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”
3．從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時，引導(dǎo)條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.
An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.
They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend
Could you tell me when （什么時候）the train arrives ?
We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
They knew each other when（當(dāng)……時候）they were children.
=When they were children, they knew each other.
復(fù)習(xí)目標(biāo)：1、掌握引導(dǎo)賓語從句的各種連詞
2、掌握賓語從句的語序——主句+連接詞+主語+謂語
3、掌握賓語從句，主句與從句在時態(tài)上的呼應(yīng)。
重點：語序和時態(tài)呼應(yīng)
難點：語序和時態(tài)呼應(yīng)；與疑問詞+不定式的轉(zhuǎn)化；與狀語從句的辨析
考點梳理：
一、賓語從句的連接詞：
1、連詞that，只起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略。
eg. He knew (that) he should work hard.
2、連詞if 、whether，它們起連接作用，在從句中不作句子成分，作“是否”解，在口語中多用if。
eg. Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present.
He asked me whether or not I was coming.
一般情況下，if 和whether可以互換，但以下3種情況只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介詞前：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③與or not連用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
3、連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which，連接副詞when, where, why, how， 它們起連接作用，作句子成分，各有自己的意義。
eg. The teacher asked the new students which class he was in.
I wonder where he got so much money.
【注意】1、由連接代、副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以和“疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化。
eg. I don’t know how I should do with the presents. è I don’t know how to do with the presents.
2、要注意區(qū)分判斷由if、when引導(dǎo)的從句類型.
二、賓語從句的語序：
賓語從句的語序是陳述語序，即“連接詞+主語+謂語+其它成分”。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)：它的主語和謂語的語序是陳述語序，而不是疑問句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。
Can you tell me who(m) do we have to see?(╳)
Can you tell me who(m) we have to see?( √)
The teacher asked the students what they were doing.(思考: what在從句中的成分)
陳述句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,語序不變。 eg. She said, “I will leave a message on the desk.” à She said she would leave a message on the desk.
一般疑問句和特殊疑問句變?yōu)橘e語從句時,也要注意人稱和時態(tài)的變化,后面接陳述語序。Eg. “Where are the tickets?” I asked him. à I asked him where the tickets are.
三、賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應(yīng)：
賓語從句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)，常常受到主句謂語時態(tài)的制約，此為時態(tài)呼應(yīng)。如果主句謂語是一般現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r，從句謂語的時態(tài)不受限制；如果主句謂語的時態(tài)是一般過去時，從句一般要隨著改為相應(yīng)的過去時態(tài)（一般過去時、過去進(jìn)行時、過去將來時、過去完成時）。
eg. I thought (that) you are free today. (╳)
I thought (that) you would be free today. ( √)
【注意】當(dāng)賓語從句敘述的是客觀真理時，不管主句謂語的時態(tài)如何，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。
eg. The teacher told us (that) the earth moves around the sun.
四、其他需要說明的問題：
1、標(biāo)點由主句決定，如主句是陳述句、祈使句，則用句號；是疑問句則用問號。
eg. I heard she had been to the Great Wall. Can you tell me which bus I should take?
2、要注意個別句子中主從句人稱的一致。
▲五、 賓語從句和狀語從句的區(qū)分：
eg. 1) I will go out tomorrow if it is fine tomorrow.
2) I don’t know if the train has arrived.
句1中if引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句。這個從句表示“條件”，修飾主句。整個句子的意思是如果明天天氣好，我就出去。句2中if引導(dǎo)的是賓語從句，充當(dāng)謂語動詞don’t know的賓語。整個句子的意思是我不知道火車是否已到達(dá)。
判斷方法：
1、可以從整個句式看。狀語從句一般可以放在主句的前面或后面（個別除外），賓語從句只能放在主句謂語動詞之后。
2、從引導(dǎo)詞看。if充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，相當(dāng)于whether， 詞義為“是否”，充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，詞義為“如果”。when充當(dāng)賓語從句的連接詞時，意為“什么時候”， 充當(dāng)狀語從句的連接詞時，意為“當(dāng)……的時候”
3．從時態(tài)看。if和when作連接詞時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句要注意：從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)應(yīng)根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。if和when充當(dāng)從屬連詞時，引導(dǎo)條件和時間狀語從句，若主句的謂語動詞用一般將來時，則從句的時態(tài)應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
e.g. I think (that) differences are not important in a friendship.
An old lady said (that) she found a job as a foreign language teacher.
They don’t know if (是否)we are going hiking next weekend
Could you tell me when （什么時候）the train arrives ?
We’ll go to the Great Wall if (如果) it doesn’t rain tomorrow.
=If doesn’t rain tomorrow, we’ll go to the Great Wall.
They knew each other when（當(dāng)……時候）they were children.
=When they were children, they knew each other.