英語中考真題詳解·情態(tài)動詞

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情態(tài)動詞是初中英語里的一個重要語法項目,也是全國各省市中考試題的一個考查熱點?本文以全國部分省市中考試題為例,對情態(tài)動詞的考點和熱點作一分析。
    一、考查can的用法
    a.考查can表示能力的用法。
    在這一用法中,can表示能力,意思是“能,會”,其否定式can’t表示“不能”。在過去時中用could和couldn’t.例如:
    1.-Where’s Mr Lee?I have something unusual to tell him.
    -You________find him.He________Japan.(2003黑龍江)
    A.may not;has gone to B.may not;has been to
    C.can’t;has gone to D.can’t;has been to
    2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes.OK?
    -Sorry.It________in such a short time.(2003山東威海)
    A.may do B.can’t be done
    C.must do D.needn’t be done
    3.I have my own room in my house,so I________do what I want in it.(2002江西)
    A.must B.have to C.need to D.can
    4.________you mend my car?I______not start it.(2002常德市)
    A.Would;would B.Must;must C.Can;can D.May;may
    5.________she ride when she was three years old?( 2002長沙市)
    A.Can B.Could C.Need D.May
    6.The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago.(2002四川省)
    A.can B.may C.could
    Answers: 1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B 6.C
    b.考查can表示推測的用法。
    在這一用法中,can意為“可能”,表示客觀可能性,常常用于疑問句和否定句中。例如:
    7.Who is the man over there?Is it Mr Li?
    -No,it________be him.Mr Li is much taller.(2003河北)
    A.mustn’t B.may not C.can’t D.needn’t
    8.-Listen!Someone is singing in the next room.Who________it be?Is it Wei Fang?
    -No.It________be her.She is at school now.(2002重慶市)
    A.will;may not B.must;mustn’t C.may;can’t D.may;won’t
    9.-Is Mr Hu in the reading room?
    -No,he________be there.He has gone to Tianjin.(2002新疆)
    A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.won’t D.can’t
    10.Class 3 won the football match!________it be true?(2002廣東)
    A.May B.Must C.Will D.Can
    Answers: 7.C 8.C 9.D 10.D
    C.考查can / could表示請求許可的用法?
    在這一用法中,can和could都表示現在,用could比用can語氣更加委婉客氣,常用Could I / you……?句式,表示“我/你能……嗎?”若表示同意要用can,不用could?例如:
    11.-Could I look at your pictures?
    -Yes,of course you________.(2003武漢)
    A.could B.can C.will D.might
    12.________you pass me a pen?I’d like to write down the telephone number.(2002北京市海淀區(qū))
    A.Need B.Could C.Must D.Should
    Answers: 11.B 12.B
    二、考查must的用法
    a.考查must表示義務的用法。
    在這一用法中,must意為“必須”,“應該”,表示必須要做的事,其否定式mustn’t表示禁止,即不許對方做某事?例如:
    13.-May I go to the cinema,Mum?
    -Certainly.But you________be back by 11 o’clock.(2003安徽)
    A.can B.may C.must D.need
    14.-SARS is such a terrible disease.
    -Yes,it is.We________be more careful.(2003浙江嘉興)
    A.can B.may C.must D.need
    15.To make our city more beautiful,rubbish________into the river.(2003重慶)
    A.needn’t be thrown B.mustn’t be thrown
    C.can’t throw D.may not throw
    16.These books________out of the reading room.You have to read them here.(2003遼寧)
    A.can’t take B.must be taken C.can take D.mustn’t be taken
    17.Cars,buses and bikes________stop when traffic lights change to red.(2002上海市)
    A.can B.may C.must D.need
    Answers: 13.C 14.C 15.B 16.D 17.C
    要注意must和have to的用法區(qū)別?must表示說話人的主觀看法,而have to表示客觀的需要,意思是“不得不”?例如:
    18.-Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
    -Sorry,I can’t.I________take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill.(2003南京)
    A.can B.may C.would D.have to
    Answer: 18.D
    回答must開頭的一般疑問句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,“沒有必要”的意思,不用mustn’t,因為mustn’t表示禁止或不許,意思是“一定不要”的意思。例如:
    19.-Must I finish the work before five o’clock?
    -No,you________.(2003四川)
    A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.have to
    20.-________I come back before five o’clock?
    -No,you________.But you________be back later than seven o’clock.(2002煙臺市)
    A.Need;must;mustn’t B.May;mustn’t;can’t
    C.Can;can’t;can’t D.Must;needn’t;can’t
    21.-Must I clean the room right now?
    -No,you________.You________clean it after lunch.(2002徐州市)
    A.needn’t;can B.needn’t;may
    C.mustn’t;can D.mustn’t;may
    Answers: 19.A 20.D 21.B
    b.考查must表示推測的用法。
    在這一用法中,must意為“一定”,“肯定”,表示可能性很大,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can’t,表示“不可能”。例如:
    22.Susan’s parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool.It ____be very expensive.(2003上海)
    A.must B.can C.mustn’t D.can’t
    23.This book________Lucy’s.Look!Her name is on the book cover.(2002河南)
    A.must be B.may be C.can’t be D.mustn’t be
    Answers: 22.A 23.A
    三、考查may的用法
    a.考查may表示請求許可的用法
    在這一用法中,may表示許可或征詢對方許可,表示“可以”的意思,常常與第一人稱I連用,構成May I……?句式,表示“我可以……嗎?”肯定回答用Yes,you may.;Yes,please.等;否定回答用No,you can’t.或No,you mustn’t.,不用No,you may not.?例如:
    25.-________I have your name,please?
    -Yes,Michael.M-I-C-H-A-E-L.(2002北京市東城區(qū))
    A.Must B.Will C.May D.Need
    26.-May I go to the cinema,dad?
    -No,you________.You must finish your homework first.(2002浙江金華市)
    A.mustn’t B.won’t C.don’t D.needn’t
    27.-May I smoke here?
    -________,you________.It can be dangerous.(2002濱州市)
    A.Yes;can B.No;can’t
    C.Yes;may D.No,needn’t
    Answers: 25.C 26.A 27.B
    b.測試may表示可能性的用法。
    在這一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是“也許”,“可能”,通常用于肯定句中。例如:
    28.You________go and ask Meimei.She________know the answer.(2003天津)
    A.must;can B.must;may
    C.need;can D.can;may
    29.Look out!The knife is very sharp.You________cut your finger.(2002寧夏)
    A.need B.must C.should D.may
    Answers: 28.D 29.D