while用法面面觀

字號:

一、 while 用作名詞時,意為“一段時間,一會兒”。例如:
    I stayed there for a short while.
    (我在那兒呆了一小會兒。)
    The postman came a short while ago.
    (郵遞員剛剛來過。)
    二、 while 用作連詞時,有以下幾種含義:
    1. 意為“當……時候,和……同時”,引導時間狀語從句。例如:
    While I was watching TV, the bell rang.
    (我看電視時,鈴響了。)
    Meimei watched TV while she ate her supper.
    (梅梅邊吃晚飯邊看電視。)
    2. 意為“雖然,盡管”,引導讓步狀語從句。例如:
    While it was late, he went on working.
    (雖然很晚了,但他還在繼續(xù)工作。)
    While he is in poor health, he works hard.
    (雖然他身體不好,但他還是努力工作。)
    3. 連接兩個并列句子,表示“對比”關系。例如:
    He went out for a walk, while I stayed at home.
    (他出去散步了,而我卻呆在家里。)
    I like singing while she likes dancing.
    (我喜歡唱歌,而她喜歡跳舞。)
    You like sports, while I prefer music.
    (你喜歡體育,而我更喜歡音樂。)
    三、 while 引導狀語從句時,應注意以下幾點:
    1. while 引導的時間狀語從句既可放在句首,也可放在句末;而 while 引導的讓步狀語從句一般放在句首,不放在句末。另外,也可以從意義上加以區(qū)分。例如:
    While he was tired, he went on working.
    (雖然他累了,但他還是繼續(xù)工作。)
    ( while 引導讓步狀語從句)
    While he was tired, he would have a rest.
    (他累了就休息一會兒。)
    ( while 引導時間狀語從句)
    2. while 引導讓步狀語從句時,如果從句的主語和主句的主語相同,那么從句的主語和謂語動詞 be 都可以省略。例如:
    While he was ill, he went there. (= While ill, he went there.)
    (雖然他有病,但他還是去那里了。)
    3. while 和 when 都可以引導時間狀語從句,但應注意: while 引導的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的動詞;而 when 引導的時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性動詞,也可以是非延續(xù)性動詞。當時間狀語從句中的謂語動詞是延續(xù)性動詞時, while 和 when 可以互相替換。例如:
    While we were talking, the teacher came in.
    (我們正在談話時,老師進來了。)
    The bus had left when we arrived at the bus stop.
    (當我們到達車站時,公共汽車已經(jīng)開走了。)
    ( arrive 是非延續(xù)性動詞,因此,此句中的 when 不能用 while 替換。)
    When / While we were having a meeting, our teacher came in.
    (我們正在開會時,老師走了進來。)
    ( have 是延續(xù)性動詞,因此,句中的 when 可以用 while 替換。)
    4. while 引導的狀語從句還可以表示“某個動作正在進行的同時,另一個動作也在進行之中”。例如:
    While the teacher was speaking, the students were listening.
    (老師講課時,學生們在聽。)
    While he was writing, I was reading.
    (他寫字時,我在看書。)