期末總復習之詞匯篇
易混詞大盤點
從近年來的中考題可以看出命題者的目的都是要考查學生對一些較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)是否能掌握扎實，是否熟悉每個詞組的中文意思并能在句子中熟練運用。要想做對以上出現(xiàn)的類似的中考考題，考生必須能總結清各種初中階段所學過的較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)，熟記所有詞組的中文意思，熟悉它們的用法和區(qū)別。為了方便同學們復習，特將常考易混詞(詞組)整理如下：
一、容易混淆的動詞：
[考試說明] 了解及物動詞和不及物動詞用法；掌握動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語以及疑問詞連用構成不定式短語的基本用法；理解動詞不定式作主語和定語的用法；初步掌握延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞在用法上的區(qū)別等。
1. come & be here
[誤] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬間動詞，不是延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。而要與表示一段時間的狀語連用，就要用延續(xù)動詞。
與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
2. cost & take & spend & pay
[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了錢的花費以外，還能表示時間上的花費，但常用物做主語。spend句子主語是人，可指花費時間和金錢，但后面的動詞要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名詞短語，介詞用on。pay句子主語是人，常與for連用，buy也常與for連用，但花費“錢”要放在介詞for后面，而pay則放在介詞for前面。
3. join & take part in
[誤] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“參加”組織，成為一個成員，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指參加活動特別是大的運動；如指“參加…多長時間”就要用延續(xù)動詞be in或be a …member，而不能用join。
4. borrow & lend & keep
[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暫性動詞，在肯定句里不和表示一段時間的狀語連用，keep延續(xù)動詞，可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
borrow意思是“借(進)”，后面跟介詞from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介詞to，lend也可用于某些成語中，如lend sb. a hand。
5. lie & lay & lain
[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有兩個意思，一個是“說謊”，過去式和過去分詞是在詞尾加-d；另一個是“躺，臥；位于”，是不規(guī)則動詞，其過去式和過去分詞是lay、lain，現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。
lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其過去式和過去分詞是laid、laid。
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[誤] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生產”，強調產地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，強調從成品上能看出原料，制成物沒改變原料的本質；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，強調從制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改變原料的本質；be made up of意思是“由……構成或組成”，指人或物都可，指結構成分。
7. stop to do & stop doing
[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”，帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，帶-ing形式的動名詞在句子中作賓語。
易混詞大盤點
從近年來的中考題可以看出命題者的目的都是要考查學生對一些較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)是否能掌握扎實，是否熟悉每個詞組的中文意思并能在句子中熟練運用。要想做對以上出現(xiàn)的類似的中考考題，考生必須能總結清各種初中階段所學過的較易混淆、形式上非常相近的詞(詞組)，熟記所有詞組的中文意思，熟悉它們的用法和區(qū)別。為了方便同學們復習，特將常考易混詞(詞組)整理如下：
一、容易混淆的動詞：
[考試說明] 了解及物動詞和不及物動詞用法；掌握動詞不定式作賓語、賓語補足語、狀語以及疑問詞連用構成不定式短語的基本用法；理解動詞不定式作主語和定語的用法；初步掌握延續(xù)性動詞和瞬間動詞在用法上的區(qū)別等。
1. come & be here
[誤] He has come here for three hours.
[正] He came here three hours ago.
[正] He has been here for three hours.
come是瞬間動詞，不是延續(xù)性動詞，在肯定句中不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用。而要與表示一段時間的狀語連用，就要用延續(xù)動詞。
與此同類的還有borrow/lend-keep; join-be in/at; die-be dead; buy-have; leave-be away,etc.
2. cost & take & spend & pay
[誤] I cost a lot of time to read stories.
[正] It cost me a lot of time to read stories.
[正] I spent a lot of time reading stories.
cost除了錢的花費以外，還能表示時間上的花費，但常用物做主語。spend句子主語是人，可指花費時間和金錢，但后面的動詞要用-ing形式，后面也可跟名詞短語，介詞用on。pay句子主語是人，常與for連用，buy也常與for連用，但花費“錢”要放在介詞for后面，而pay則放在介詞for前面。
3. join & take part in
[誤] He joined the League for two years.
[正] He joined the League two years ago.
[正] He has been in the League for two years.
[正] He has been a League member for two years.
join指“參加”組織，成為一個成員，join sb.意思是“加入某人”，take part in指參加活動特別是大的運動；如指“參加…多長時間”就要用延續(xù)動詞be in或be a …member，而不能用join。
4. borrow & lend & keep
[誤] She has lent me the book for a week.
[正] She lent me the book a week ago.
[正] It’s a week since she lent me the book.
borrow和lend是短暫性動詞，在肯定句里不和表示一段時間的狀語連用，keep延續(xù)動詞，可與表示一段時間的狀語連用。
borrow意思是“借(進)”，后面跟介詞from，lend意思是“借(出)”，后面跟介詞to，lend也可用于某些成語中，如lend sb. a hand。
5. lie & lay & lain
[誤] She laid down the book and laid in bed.
[正] She laid down the book and lay in bed.
lie有兩個意思，一個是“說謊”，過去式和過去分詞是在詞尾加-d；另一個是“躺，臥；位于”，是不規(guī)則動詞，其過去式和過去分詞是lay、lain，現(xiàn)在分詞是lying。
lay意思是“放；孵(蛋)”，其過去式和過去分詞是laid、laid。
6. be made in & be made of & be made from & be made up of
[誤] The table is made from wood.
[正] The table is made of wood.
be made in意思是“由……生產”，強調產地；be made of意思是“用……制成”，強調從成品上能看出原料，制成物沒改變原料的本質；be made from意思也是“用……制成”，強調從制成物上看不出原料，制成物已改變原料的本質；be made up of意思是“由……構成或組成”，指人或物都可，指結構成分。
7. stop to do & stop doing
[誤] He was too tired, so he stopped having a rest.
[正] He was too tired, so he stopped to have a rest.
[誤] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop to talk.
[正] Look! The teacher is coming. We must stop talking.
stop to do意思是“停下(正做的事)(開始)去做(別的某事)”，帶to的不定式在句子中作目的狀語；stop doing意思“停止做某事(不做了)”，帶-ing形式的動名詞在句子中作賓語。