全國職稱英語等級考試時(shí)、體、態(tài)精講(2)

時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成規(guī)律
    英語通過對動(dòng)詞形式的變化來構(gòu)成不同的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。主要是使用be和have作為標(biāo)識，其構(gòu)成是有規(guī)律的。Be的作用是用來構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Have 用來構(gòu)成完成時(shí)。兩者合起來與動(dòng)詞可構(gòu)成完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。看例句（以work, follow為例）：
    1）be：
    They are working.(現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行)
    They were working.（過去進(jìn)行）
    They will be working.（將來進(jìn)行）
    They are followed. （現(xiàn)在的被動(dòng)）
    They are being followed.（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)）
    They were being followed.（過去進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)）
    They will be being followed.（將來進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)）
    2) have
    They have worked.（現(xiàn)在完成）
    They had worked.（過去完成）
    They will have work.（將來完成）
    3) have + be:
    They have been working.（現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行）
    They had been working. （過去完成進(jìn)行）
    They will have been working.（將來完成進(jìn)行）
    The work has been done. （現(xiàn)在完成被動(dòng)）
    The work had been done. （過去完成被動(dòng)）
    The work will have been done. （將來完成被動(dòng)）
    The work has been being done. (現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行的被動(dòng))
    The work had been being done （過去完成進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)）