一、真題文章（1994年text 2）
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores， restaurants， and hotels， at home， across the country， and even abroad， and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically， making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations， whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it's already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers， they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records， including who sold what， when， and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient， allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now， which to develop for the future， and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock， of raw materials on hand， and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises， from theaters to magazine publishers， from gas and electric utilities to milk processors， bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
二、譯文
一億一千三百萬美國人至少每人擁有一張銀行發(fā)行的信用卡。信用卡使其持有者在商場、飯店、賓館、家中、國內、甚至國外都擁有信用，同時也能提供許多銀行業(yè)務。隨著越來越多的信用卡可以自動被讀取，無論地方的銀行分支機構是否在營業(yè)，人們在分散的各地去存錢和取錢都變得可能。對我們中的許多人來說，一個"沒有現(xiàn)金的社會"已經不在那么遙遠了——它已經到來了。
正當計算機給消費者提供這些便利的同時，它們也給商家提供了很多方便。電子收款機比簡單的收款機能做的事情多的多。電子收款機能保留一個大范圍的記錄，包括誰賣了什么、什么時間賣的、以及賣給了誰。這些信息使得商家能夠跟蹤貨物信息，通過了解什么商品正在被銷售以及其銷售的速度，商人們從而做出再次訂貨或將貨物退還給供貨商的決定。同時，計算機也能記錄下營業(yè)的高峰時間，以及哪些雇員的工作效率高，從而幫助雇主有針對性的做出人事的安排。這些記錄還能顯示促銷活動針對的顧客群。也正是因為相似的原因，產品制造商也要依賴電腦。電腦分析的市場報告能幫助決定哪些商品是現(xiàn)在的重點，哪些將來要研發(fā)和哪些應該淘汰。電腦能夠記錄庫存情況、手頭原材料的多少，甚至生產過程本身。
從劇院到雜志發(fā)行商，從氣電站到牛奶加工廠，數(shù)不清的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)通過電腦向消費者提供更好更高效率的服務。
三、考研核心詞匯
issue / 5isju： / n. 事件，問題 vi.1發(fā)行；流出2造成……結果
[例] "Many people fail to grasp what is really at issue here"（Gail Sheehy） "很多人都沒有領會到這里到底在爭論什么"（蓋爾·希伊）
[固定搭配]at issue待解決的；爭議中的；take issue對…持異議；
credit / 5kredit / n.1信任2信用，聲望3學分，榮譽vt.相信，信任
[例] You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good. 如果你信譽良好，要取得這筆貸款就沒有什么問題了。
[同義] belief， faith， trust
[派生] credible / 5kredEbl / adj. 可信的， 可靠的
[固定搭配] be bare of credit 名譽不好， 無信譽；be to sb.'s credit 為某人增光；crack credit 失信用；
automatic / 7C：tE5mAtik / n. 自動機械 adj. 自動的， 無意識的
[例] The heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control. 旅館里的取暖系統(tǒng)是自動調溫的。
[同義] spontaneous
available / E5veilEbl / adj. 可用到的， 可利用的， 有用的
[例] Attention， please. These tickets are available on （the） day of issue only. 請注意，這種車票僅在發(fā)售當天有效。
[反義] hinder
[派生] availability / E7veilE5biliti / n. 可用性， 有效性， 實用性
avail / E5veil / vi. 有益于， 有幫助， 有用 vt. 有利于 n. 效用， 利益
[固定搭配] make sth. available to 使……可以享受某物； 使……買得起某物；make sth. available for 使……可以享受某物；
withdraw / wiT5drC： / vt. 收回， 撤消 vi. 縮回， 退出 v. 撤退
[例] He withdrew from the race. 他退出比賽。
[同義]abandon， deduct， extract， quit，recede，remove， retreat
deposit / di5pCzit/ n. 1堆積物，沉淀物2存款3押金vt.存放；堆vi.沉淀
[例] She deposited her money in the bank. 她把錢存在銀行里。
[派生] deposition / 7depE5ziFEn / n. 沉積作用， 沉積物， 革職， 廢王位， 免職
[固定搭配]bank deposit 銀行存款； demand deposit 活期存款；
petty current deposit 小額（零存）活期存款； on deposit 儲存；
time deposit 定期存款； deposit sth. With 把某物存放在……
scatter / 5skAtEd/ n. 離散，分散
[例] The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens. 農民把谷子撒在院子里喂雞。
[同義] spread， disperse
location / lEu5keiFEn / n. 位置， 場所， 特定區(qū)域
[例] Have they decided on the location of the new building yet？ 這座新建筑的位置你們定下來了嗎？
horizon / hE5raizn / n. 地平線
[例] I could see a ship on the horizon. 我可以看見地平線上有一艘輪船。
[派生] horizontal / 7hCri5zCntl / adj. 地平線的， 水平的
[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平線上； 在遙遠的將來
convenience / kEn5vi：njEns / n. 便利， 方便， 有益
[例] Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides. 這座新造的公寓大樓裝有煤氣等現(xiàn)代化設備。
[派生] convenient / kEn5vi：njEnt / adj. 便利的， 方便的
register / 5redVistE / n.記錄，登記簿vt.記錄，登記，注冊vi.1登記，注冊2掛號
[例] The machine registered how fast we were going. 這臺機器指示出我們進行得有多快。
track / trAk / n.1軌跡，車轍2跟蹤vt.循路而行，追蹤vi.追蹤
[例] The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 獵人追蹤動物的足跡。
efficient / i5fiFEnt / adj. 有效率的， 能干的
[例] This new copy machine is more efficient than the old one. 這臺新復印機比那臺舊的效率高。
[同義] effective， competent， capable
[派生] efficiency / i5fiFEnsi / n. 效率， 功效
personnel / 7pE：sE5nel / n. 人員， 職員
[例] All personnel were asked to participate. 全體員工都被要求參加。
[同義] staff
staff / stB：f / n. 全體職員 vt. 供給人員， 充當職員
[例] The company has got a staff of about 40. 這家公司大約有40名雇員。
assignment / E5sainmEnt / n.1分配，委派2任務，課外；作業(yè)
[例] What are today's assignment？ 今天的作業(yè)是什么？
[派生] assign / E5sain / vt. 分配， 指派 v. 賦值
accordingly / E5kC：diNli / adv. 因此， 從而
[例] He was asked to leave the city and accordingly he went. 有人叫他離開該城市，所以他就走了。
[派生] accord / E5kC：d / n. 一致， 符合 vt. 一致
accordance / E5kC：dEns / n. 一致， 和諧
identify / ai5dentifai / vt. 識別， 鑒別， v. 確定
[例] That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours. 那位政客被認為與上屆政府關系過于密切，不能成為本屆政府里的部長。
[同義] recognize， distinguish
[派生] identification / ai7dentifi5keiFEn / n. 辨認， 鑒定， 證明
identify / ai5dentifai / vt. 識別， 鑒別， 把……和……看成一樣 v. 確定
promotional / prEJ`mEJFEnEl / adj. 增進的， 獎勵的
[派生] promotion / prE5mEuFEn / n. 促進， 發(fā)揚， 提升， 提拔， 晉升
promote / prE5mEut / vt. 促進， 發(fā)揚， 提升， 提拔， 晉升為
campaign / kAm5pein / n. 競選運動 vi. 參加活動， 從事活動；作戰(zhàn)
[例] Grant's Vicksburg campaign secured the entire Mississippi for the Union. 格蘭特的維克伯格戰(zhàn)役為聯(lián)邦挽救了整個密西西比。
manufacturer / 7mAnju5fAktFErE / n. 制造業(yè)者， 廠商
[例] The washing machine doesn't work， so we sent it back to the manufacturers. 這臺洗衣機壞了，所以我們把它送回制造廠家。
[派生] manufacture / 7mAnju5fAktFE / vt. 制造， 加工 n. 制造， 制造業(yè)；產品
analyze / 5AnElaiz / vt. 分析， 分解
[例] The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water. 科學家分析了一下牛奶，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面含水分過多。
[反義] synthesize
[派生] analysis / E5nAlisis / n. 分析， 分解
analyst / 5AnElist / n. 分析家， 分解者
emphasize / 5emfEsaIz / vt. 強調， 著重 v. 強調
[例] I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. 我必須強調這一事實，即他們只不過是孩子。
[反義] ignore， neglect
[派生] emphasis / 5emfEsis / n. 強調， 重點
raw / rC： / adj. 未加工的， 生疏的， 處于自然狀態(tài)的 vt. 擦傷
[例] All these are raw materials. 這些都是原材料。
numerous / 5nju：mErEs / adj. 眾多的， 許多的， 無數(shù)的
[例] Those birds have become more numerous lately. 近來那種鳥變得越來越多了。
[同義] many，a lot of
commercial / kE5mE：FEl / adj. 商業(yè)的， 貿易的
[例] A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business. 商學院教授那些在商業(yè)中可能會有用的東西。
[派生] commerce / 5kCmE（：）s / n. 商業(yè)
utility / ju：5tiliti / n. 效用， 有用
[例] A commodity or service， such as electricity， water， or public transportation， that is provided by a public utility. 公用事業(yè)：由公用事業(yè)公司提供的商品或服務，如電力，水和公共交通
[派生] utilize / ju：5tIlaIz / vt. 利用
processor / 5prEusesE / n. 處理機 處理器
[例] a wood pulp processor 紙漿加工機
[派生] process / prE5ses / n. 過程， 作用， 方法， 程序 vt. 加工
processive / prEJ`sesIv / adj. 前進的，進行的，向前的
四、強化練習
1、He received full ＿＿ for his studies at a previous school.
A. commerce B. process C. production D. credit
2、The young army officer was ＿＿ （to the rank of） captain.
A. scattered B. promoted C. utilized D. located
3、I'm sorry， those overcoats are not ＿＿ in your color and size.
A. numerous B. commercial C. horizontal D. available
4、A transmission or a motor vehicle with an ＿＿ gear-shifting mechanism.
A. personnel B. staff C. analyzed D. automatic
5、I ＿＿ the jacket at once； it was my brother's.
A. identified B. assigned C. registered D. deposited
6、The firm is now in the ＿＿ of moving the main equipment to a new place.
A. emphasis B. raw C. utility D. process
7、The teacher ＿＿ paper and pencils to all the children.
A. infer B. initiated C. issued D. manifested
8、The two governments ＿＿ a day for the next negotiation.
A. humble B. elite C. emitted D. assigned
9、The new secretary is a quick， ＿＿ worker， and the boss is quite satisfied with her.
A. efficiency B. effective C. efficient D. dim
10、Our country has been trying to broaden its ＿＿with other nations.
A. hatch B. resume C. volunteer D. commerce
答案：DBDDA DCDCD
One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores， restaurants， and hotels， at home， across the country， and even abroad， and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically， making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations， whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us the "cashless society" is not on the horizon-it's already here.
While computers offer these conveniences to consumers， they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records， including who sold what， when， and to whom. This information allows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient， allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now， which to develop for the future， and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock， of raw materials on hand， and even of the production process itself.
Numerous other commercial enterprises， from theaters to magazine publishers， from gas and electric utilities to milk processors， bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
二、譯文
一億一千三百萬美國人至少每人擁有一張銀行發(fā)行的信用卡。信用卡使其持有者在商場、飯店、賓館、家中、國內、甚至國外都擁有信用，同時也能提供許多銀行業(yè)務。隨著越來越多的信用卡可以自動被讀取，無論地方的銀行分支機構是否在營業(yè)，人們在分散的各地去存錢和取錢都變得可能。對我們中的許多人來說，一個"沒有現(xiàn)金的社會"已經不在那么遙遠了——它已經到來了。
正當計算機給消費者提供這些便利的同時，它們也給商家提供了很多方便。電子收款機比簡單的收款機能做的事情多的多。電子收款機能保留一個大范圍的記錄，包括誰賣了什么、什么時間賣的、以及賣給了誰。這些信息使得商家能夠跟蹤貨物信息，通過了解什么商品正在被銷售以及其銷售的速度，商人們從而做出再次訂貨或將貨物退還給供貨商的決定。同時，計算機也能記錄下營業(yè)的高峰時間，以及哪些雇員的工作效率高，從而幫助雇主有針對性的做出人事的安排。這些記錄還能顯示促銷活動針對的顧客群。也正是因為相似的原因，產品制造商也要依賴電腦。電腦分析的市場報告能幫助決定哪些商品是現(xiàn)在的重點，哪些將來要研發(fā)和哪些應該淘汰。電腦能夠記錄庫存情況、手頭原材料的多少，甚至生產過程本身。
從劇院到雜志發(fā)行商，從氣電站到牛奶加工廠，數(shù)不清的其他商業(yè)企業(yè)通過電腦向消費者提供更好更高效率的服務。
三、考研核心詞匯
issue / 5isju： / n. 事件，問題 vi.1發(fā)行；流出2造成……結果
[例] "Many people fail to grasp what is really at issue here"（Gail Sheehy） "很多人都沒有領會到這里到底在爭論什么"（蓋爾·希伊）
[固定搭配]at issue待解決的；爭議中的；take issue對…持異議；
credit / 5kredit / n.1信任2信用，聲望3學分，榮譽vt.相信，信任
[例] You should have no trouble getting the loan if your credit is good. 如果你信譽良好，要取得這筆貸款就沒有什么問題了。
[同義] belief， faith， trust
[派生] credible / 5kredEbl / adj. 可信的， 可靠的
[固定搭配] be bare of credit 名譽不好， 無信譽；be to sb.'s credit 為某人增光；crack credit 失信用；
automatic / 7C：tE5mAtik / n. 自動機械 adj. 自動的， 無意識的
[例] The heating system in the hotel has an automatic temperature control. 旅館里的取暖系統(tǒng)是自動調溫的。
[同義] spontaneous
available / E5veilEbl / adj. 可用到的， 可利用的， 有用的
[例] Attention， please. These tickets are available on （the） day of issue only. 請注意，這種車票僅在發(fā)售當天有效。
[反義] hinder
[派生] availability / E7veilE5biliti / n. 可用性， 有效性， 實用性
avail / E5veil / vi. 有益于， 有幫助， 有用 vt. 有利于 n. 效用， 利益
[固定搭配] make sth. available to 使……可以享受某物； 使……買得起某物；make sth. available for 使……可以享受某物；
withdraw / wiT5drC： / vt. 收回， 撤消 vi. 縮回， 退出 v. 撤退
[例] He withdrew from the race. 他退出比賽。
[同義]abandon， deduct， extract， quit，recede，remove， retreat
deposit / di5pCzit/ n. 1堆積物，沉淀物2存款3押金vt.存放；堆vi.沉淀
[例] She deposited her money in the bank. 她把錢存在銀行里。
[派生] deposition / 7depE5ziFEn / n. 沉積作用， 沉積物， 革職， 廢王位， 免職
[固定搭配]bank deposit 銀行存款； demand deposit 活期存款；
petty current deposit 小額（零存）活期存款； on deposit 儲存；
time deposit 定期存款； deposit sth. With 把某物存放在……
scatter / 5skAtEd/ n. 離散，分散
[例] The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens. 農民把谷子撒在院子里喂雞。
[同義] spread， disperse
location / lEu5keiFEn / n. 位置， 場所， 特定區(qū)域
[例] Have they decided on the location of the new building yet？ 這座新建筑的位置你們定下來了嗎？
horizon / hE5raizn / n. 地平線
[例] I could see a ship on the horizon. 我可以看見地平線上有一艘輪船。
[派生] horizontal / 7hCri5zCntl / adj. 地平線的， 水平的
[固定搭配] on the horizon 在地平線上； 在遙遠的將來
convenience / kEn5vi：njEns / n. 便利， 方便， 有益
[例] Gas is one of the modern conveniences the newly-built apartment building provides. 這座新造的公寓大樓裝有煤氣等現(xiàn)代化設備。
[派生] convenient / kEn5vi：njEnt / adj. 便利的， 方便的
register / 5redVistE / n.記錄，登記簿vt.記錄，登記，注冊vi.1登記，注冊2掛號
[例] The machine registered how fast we were going. 這臺機器指示出我們進行得有多快。
track / trAk / n.1軌跡，車轍2跟蹤vt.循路而行，追蹤vi.追蹤
[例] The hunter followed the animal's tracks. 獵人追蹤動物的足跡。
efficient / i5fiFEnt / adj. 有效率的， 能干的
[例] This new copy machine is more efficient than the old one. 這臺新復印機比那臺舊的效率高。
[同義] effective， competent， capable
[派生] efficiency / i5fiFEnsi / n. 效率， 功效
personnel / 7pE：sE5nel / n. 人員， 職員
[例] All personnel were asked to participate. 全體員工都被要求參加。
[同義] staff
staff / stB：f / n. 全體職員 vt. 供給人員， 充當職員
[例] The company has got a staff of about 40. 這家公司大約有40名雇員。
assignment / E5sainmEnt / n.1分配，委派2任務，課外；作業(yè)
[例] What are today's assignment？ 今天的作業(yè)是什么？
[派生] assign / E5sain / vt. 分配， 指派 v. 賦值
accordingly / E5kC：diNli / adv. 因此， 從而
[例] He was asked to leave the city and accordingly he went. 有人叫他離開該城市，所以他就走了。
[派生] accord / E5kC：d / n. 一致， 符合 vt. 一致
accordance / E5kC：dEns / n. 一致， 和諧
identify / ai5dentifai / vt. 識別， 鑒別， v. 確定
[例] That politician is too closely identified with the former government to become a minister in ours. 那位政客被認為與上屆政府關系過于密切，不能成為本屆政府里的部長。
[同義] recognize， distinguish
[派生] identification / ai7dentifi5keiFEn / n. 辨認， 鑒定， 證明
identify / ai5dentifai / vt. 識別， 鑒別， 把……和……看成一樣 v. 確定
promotional / prEJ`mEJFEnEl / adj. 增進的， 獎勵的
[派生] promotion / prE5mEuFEn / n. 促進， 發(fā)揚， 提升， 提拔， 晉升
promote / prE5mEut / vt. 促進， 發(fā)揚， 提升， 提拔， 晉升為
campaign / kAm5pein / n. 競選運動 vi. 參加活動， 從事活動；作戰(zhàn)
[例] Grant's Vicksburg campaign secured the entire Mississippi for the Union. 格蘭特的維克伯格戰(zhàn)役為聯(lián)邦挽救了整個密西西比。
manufacturer / 7mAnju5fAktFErE / n. 制造業(yè)者， 廠商
[例] The washing machine doesn't work， so we sent it back to the manufacturers. 這臺洗衣機壞了，所以我們把它送回制造廠家。
[派生] manufacture / 7mAnju5fAktFE / vt. 制造， 加工 n. 制造， 制造業(yè)；產品
analyze / 5AnElaiz / vt. 分析， 分解
[例] The scientist analyzed the milk and found it contained too much water. 科學家分析了一下牛奶，發(fā)現(xiàn)里面含水分過多。
[反義] synthesize
[派生] analysis / E5nAlisis / n. 分析， 分解
analyst / 5AnElist / n. 分析家， 分解者
emphasize / 5emfEsaIz / vt. 強調， 著重 v. 強調
[例] I must emphasize the fact that they are only children. 我必須強調這一事實，即他們只不過是孩子。
[反義] ignore， neglect
[派生] emphasis / 5emfEsis / n. 強調， 重點
raw / rC： / adj. 未加工的， 生疏的， 處于自然狀態(tài)的 vt. 擦傷
[例] All these are raw materials. 這些都是原材料。
numerous / 5nju：mErEs / adj. 眾多的， 許多的， 無數(shù)的
[例] Those birds have become more numerous lately. 近來那種鳥變得越來越多了。
[同義] many，a lot of
commercial / kE5mE：FEl / adj. 商業(yè)的， 貿易的
[例] A commercial college teaches things that would be useful in business. 商學院教授那些在商業(yè)中可能會有用的東西。
[派生] commerce / 5kCmE（：）s / n. 商業(yè)
utility / ju：5tiliti / n. 效用， 有用
[例] A commodity or service， such as electricity， water， or public transportation， that is provided by a public utility. 公用事業(yè)：由公用事業(yè)公司提供的商品或服務，如電力，水和公共交通
[派生] utilize / ju：5tIlaIz / vt. 利用
processor / 5prEusesE / n. 處理機 處理器
[例] a wood pulp processor 紙漿加工機
[派生] process / prE5ses / n. 過程， 作用， 方法， 程序 vt. 加工
processive / prEJ`sesIv / adj. 前進的，進行的，向前的
四、強化練習
1、He received full ＿＿ for his studies at a previous school.
A. commerce B. process C. production D. credit
2、The young army officer was ＿＿ （to the rank of） captain.
A. scattered B. promoted C. utilized D. located
3、I'm sorry， those overcoats are not ＿＿ in your color and size.
A. numerous B. commercial C. horizontal D. available
4、A transmission or a motor vehicle with an ＿＿ gear-shifting mechanism.
A. personnel B. staff C. analyzed D. automatic
5、I ＿＿ the jacket at once； it was my brother's.
A. identified B. assigned C. registered D. deposited
6、The firm is now in the ＿＿ of moving the main equipment to a new place.
A. emphasis B. raw C. utility D. process
7、The teacher ＿＿ paper and pencils to all the children.
A. infer B. initiated C. issued D. manifested
8、The two governments ＿＿ a day for the next negotiation.
A. humble B. elite C. emitted D. assigned
9、The new secretary is a quick， ＿＿ worker， and the boss is quite satisfied with her.
A. efficiency B. effective C. efficient D. dim
10、Our country has been trying to broaden its ＿＿with other nations.
A. hatch B. resume C. volunteer D. commerce
答案：DBDDA DCDCD