英文語法拉雜談 三

字號:

三、Period / Full Stop (。) 句號、句點(diǎn)
    句號的寫法,在英文里是個小黑點(diǎn)(。),可在中文卻是個小圈兒(。)(在科學(xué)技術(shù)文章里也可用“小黑點(diǎn)”)。用法也有些差異,在英文方面,最“好玩”的是用在縮寫方面:
    * 句號用在陳述句、祈使句及禮貌問句等的句尾* 句號用在縮寫方面* 句號用在數(shù)目字方面
    3.1 句號用在陳述句、祈使句及禮貌問句等的句尾:
    3.1.1 用在陳述句(Declarative sentence)尾,表示句子結(jié)束:
    1. I am leaving now.
    2. Ailan and Xiaodong are my friends.
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    3.1.2  用在祈使句(Imperative sentence)尾,表示句子結(jié)束:
    1. Close the door.
    2. Turn in your papers, please.
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    3.1.3 用在禮貌的、祈使性的、以及間接疑問句(Interrogative sentence)尾,表示句子結(jié)束:
    1. Will you please send me three copies. 麻煩你給我三份。(不要看到Will you……就在句尾加問號喔)
    2. Since when am I supposed to believe this. 我什么時候會相信這個呢。
    3. He asked if you can come. 他問你能不能來。
    ============================================== 3.2 句號用在表示縮寫(Abbreviation, Acronym):
    3.2.1 縮寫詞(Abbreviation):(將一個字詞省略其中某些字母,字尾須加句號)
    1. 稱呼:Mr. = Mister, Mrs.= Misteress, Dr. = Doctor, Mim. = Ministor / Ministry , Esq. = Esquire (先生)
    2. 時間:yr. = year, min.=minute
    3.  星期:Mon. = Monday, Tues. = Tuesday, Wed. = Wednesday, Thurs. = Thursday, Fri. = Friday, Sat. = Saturday, Sun. = Sunday
    4. 月份:Jan. = January, Feb. = February, Mar. = March, Apr. = April, Jun. = June, Jul. = July, Aug./Ag. = August, Sept. = September, Oct. = October,Nov. = November, Dec. = December (注意:oct. = octave八度, nov. = novelist小說家, dec. = deceased亡故)
    5. 國名:Afr. = Africa / African, Aus. = Austria / Austrian, Fr. = France / French, Ger. = Germany, It. = Italy / Italian
    6.  其他:etc. = et cetera (等), Xmas. = Christmas, min. = minimum / minor, max. = maximum, pc. = piece, Ltd. = Limited, num. =number / numbers(No. = Number 第幾號之意)
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    3.2.2 Acronym (只取首字母的縮寫詞):
    1. 公元:A.D. = Anno Domin(公元),B.C. = Before Christ(公元前)
    2. 郵政:G.P.O. = General Post Office, C.O.D.= Cash on Delivery, P.O. / p.o. = Postal Order, R.T.S. = Return To Sender
    3, 時間:a.m. /A.M. = ante meridiem 上午, p.m. / P.M.= post meridiem下午
    4. 國名:U.K. = United Kingdom, U.S.A. = United States of America
    5. 其他:F.O.C. = Free Of Charge, R.I.P. = Rest In Peace 愿他安息, r.p.m.= Revolution Per Minute, P.T.O. / p.t.o. = Please Turn Over 翻下頁,P.T.A. = Parent-Teachers' Association 家長教師協(xié)會
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    也許是大家覺得縮寫詞后加個小黑點(diǎn)是件麻煩事,因此有些就干脆省掉它,下面是一些不加句點(diǎn)的縮寫詞:
    1. 組織名:UN, UNESCO, WTO
    2. 數(shù)目:$75 , 2nd , 5th , Henry V
    3. 常用詞:memo , math , exam , lab , dorm , TV , CD , VCD ,DVD,PS =Postscript 附言,SARS (現(xiàn)在是無人不知其大名的了?。?BR>    4. 度量衡: mm , cm , km , g , mg , ml , kw , kv ==================================================== 3.3 句號用在數(shù)字方面:
    3.3.1 表示小數(shù)點(diǎn):
    1. $12.50 , ¥200.20 , RM4.45, 50.45%, 5.2 kg
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    3.3.2 用于大綱列表:
    例: I. 第一學(xué)期體育教學(xué)1. 游泳a. 自由式
    注意:在括號內(nèi)的數(shù)字或字母,不可加句號:(3), (b), (Iv)
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    其實(shí)Period一點(diǎn)也不好玩的,你說是嗎?