一、真題文章（1995年text 2）
There are two basic ways to see growth： one as a product， the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion， the student whose grades improve， the foreigner who learns a new language——all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast， the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine， since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself， but rather the attitudes and feelings people have， their caution or courage， as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process ， the journey never really ends； there are always new ways to experience the world， new ideas to try， new challenges to accept .
In order to grow， to travel new roads， people need to have a willingness to take risks， to confront the unknown， and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious？ If so， then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive？ Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate， to move slowly， and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge？ Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts， if we protect ourselves too much， then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .
二、譯文
對(duì)成長(zhǎng)的看法基本上有兩種：一種把成長(zhǎng)看成是結(jié)果，一種把它看成是過(guò)程。人們大多把個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)看成是容易識(shí)別和衡量的外部結(jié)果。工人得到了晉升，學(xué)生的成績(jī)有了提高，外國(guó)人學(xué)會(huì)了一門新語(yǔ)言——所有這些都是取得了能顯示出他們努力的可衡量結(jié)果的例子。
相比之下，個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程卻比較難以確定，因?yàn)閺亩x上可以看出，它是一個(gè)旅程，而不是旅程中特定的標(biāo)志或里程碑。這個(gè)過(guò)程指的并不是道路本身，而是人們?cè)谠庥鲂碌捏w驗(yàn)和預(yù)料不到的挫折時(shí)的態(tài)度和情感，勇氣和憂慮。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，這一旅程永遠(yuǎn)沒有終點(diǎn)，總是有新的體驗(yàn)，新的嘗試和新的挑戰(zhàn)。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，探索新道路，人們需要有愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的精神，人們要有勇于面對(duì)未知的世界的精神，人們要有敢于接受開始時(shí)也許就會(huì)失敗的可能性。我們?cè)谔剿餍侣返臅r(shí)候如何看待自己，這對(duì)我們的成長(zhǎng)能力是至關(guān)重要的。我們是否認(rèn)為自己頭腦靈活、好奇心強(qiáng)？如果是這樣，我們會(huì)更愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，更愿意嘗試不熟悉的體驗(yàn)。我們是否認(rèn)為自己羞怯而缺乏主見？如果這樣，那么膽怯會(huì)使我們猶豫、行動(dòng)緩慢，在邁出一步之前總是先要確定路況是否安全。我們是否認(rèn)為自己調(diào)整自我以適應(yīng)變化很慢，或我們是否認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明，無(wú)法迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)？這樣的話，我們可能會(huì)采取更加被動(dòng)的態(tài)度，或者根本就不去嘗試新的事物。
如果我們要去改變自我并成長(zhǎng)的話，這些不安全感和自我懷疑都是不可避免的和必經(jīng)的。如果無(wú)法面對(duì)和克服這些內(nèi)心的恐懼和疑慮，如果我們對(duì)自己過(guò)分保護(hù)，那我們就會(huì)停止成長(zhǎng)，我們就會(huì)作繭自縛。
三、考研核心詞匯
external / eks5tE：nl / adj. 1外部的， 客觀的， [醫(yī)]外用的2外國(guó)的
n. 外部， 外面
[例] An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation？ A. R. Gurney， Jr.）
"內(nèi)心的正義感變成對(duì)外在名譽(yù)的關(guān)心"（小A.R.格尼）
[同義] exterior ， outer， outside， surface
[反義] internal / in5tE：nl / adj. 內(nèi)在的， 國(guó)內(nèi)的
measure / 5meVE / n. 1尺寸， 量度器， 量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2方法， 測(cè)量， 措施 vt. 1測(cè)量， 測(cè)度， 估量2分派， 權(quán)衡， 調(diào)節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1測(cè)量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的千克是測(cè)量質(zhì)量的量度
2較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.
她拿自己的力量和危險(xiǎn)的敵手進(jìn)行較量
[同義] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size
[固定搭配] measure up （常與to連用）合格；符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）
contrast / 5kCntrAst / vt. 使與……對(duì)比， 使與……對(duì)照 vi. 和……形成對(duì)照 n. 對(duì)比， 對(duì)照， （對(duì)照中的）差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.
我的新學(xué)校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare， liken， match， measure
definition /7defi5niFEn / n. 1定義2解說(shuō)3 精確度， （輪廓影像等的）清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define / di5fain / vt. 定義， 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明
definite / 5definit / adj. 明確的， 一定的
specific / spi5sifik / n. 1特效藥2細(xì)節(jié) adj. 1詳細(xì)而精確的， 明確的2特殊的， 特效的， [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.
我想要一個(gè)明確的回答。
[同義] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special
[反義] general / 5dVenErEl / n. 1普通2將軍3概要 adj. 1一般的， 普通的2綜合的， 概括的， 全面的， 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify / 5spesifai / vt. 1指定2詳細(xì)說(shuō)明， 列入清單
specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 詳述， 規(guī)格， 說(shuō)明書， 規(guī)范
signpost / 5saInpEJst/ n. 路標(biāo)
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.
我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機(jī)們?cè)O(shè)立些路標(biāo)。
landmark / 5lAndmB：k / n. 1（航海）陸標(biāo)， 地界標(biāo)， 里程碑2劃時(shí)代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture.
布達(dá)拉宮是西藏標(biāo)志性的建筑，它能被認(rèn)為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ，point
attitude / 5Atitju：d / n. 1姿勢(shì)， 態(tài)度，意見
[例] People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.
人們對(duì)這些摩天大樓的態(tài)度很不相同。
[同義] opinion ，position ，standpoint ，viewpoint
encounter / in5kauntE / v. 遭遇， 遇到， 相遇 n. 遭遇， 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學(xué)家們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose
obstacle / 5CbstEkl / n. 障礙， 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose？ Henry Adams）。
"為了獲得歇息，我們與困難斗爭(zhēng)"（亨利·亞當(dāng)斯）。
[同義] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction， snag ，stoppage
[反義] help / help / n. 幫忙， 補(bǔ)救辦法， 助手， 治療， <美>傭工 vt. 幫助， 助長(zhǎng)， 接濟(jì)， 治療， 款待 vi. 有用， 救命， 招待
challenge / 5tFAlindV / n. 挑戰(zhàn) vt. 向……挑戰(zhàn)
[例] He challenged me to play another tennis game.
他向我挑戰(zhàn)要我跟他再打一場(chǎng)網(wǎng)球。
[同義] confront， dare ，defy ，dispute， doubt ，question
[派生] challenging / 5tFAlindViN / adj. 引起挑戰(zhàn)性興趣的， 挑逗的
risk / risk / vt. 冒……的危險(xiǎn) n. 冒險(xiǎn)， 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
[例] His action risked a sharp reprisal.
他的行為冒著極可能遭到報(bào)復(fù)的危險(xiǎn)
[同義] chance， endanger ，expose， gamble ，hazard ，imperil， jeopardize ，venture
[反義] safety / 5seifti / n. 安全， 保險(xiǎn)， 安全設(shè)備， 保險(xiǎn)裝置
[固定搭配] run[take] the risk of doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事；take no risks 慎重行事；
at risk 在危險(xiǎn)中；
confront / kEn5frQnt / vt. 使面臨， 對(duì)抗
[例] I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.
我希望和控告我的人當(dāng)庭對(duì)質(zhì)
[同義] encounter， face ， oppose
[派生] confrontation / 7kCnfrQn5teiFEn / n. 面對(duì)， 面對(duì)面， 對(duì)質(zhì)
essential / i5senFEl / adj. 1本質(zhì)的， 實(shí)質(zhì)的， 基本的2提煉的， 精華的
n. 1本質(zhì)， 實(shí)質(zhì)2要素， 要點(diǎn)
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems？
這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么？
[同義] basic， fundamental， important， necessary ， needed， required ， vital
[派生] essence / 5esns / n. 基本， [哲]本質(zhì)， 香精
perceive / pE5si：v / vt. 察覺 v. 感知， 感到， 認(rèn)識(shí)到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind.
我發(fā)覺我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect， distinguish， experience， feel make out， observe， recognize sense
[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n.理解， 感知， 感覺， DPS公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的
tend / tend / vi . 趨向， 往往是 vt. 照管， 護(hù)理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer， attend ， bend ， care for， foster， help ， incline
[派生] tendency / 5tendEnsi / n. 趨向， 傾向
indecisive / 7 indi5saisiv / adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions.
這兩種意見界線分明。
[反義] decisive / di5saisiv / adj. 決定性的
timidity / ti5miditi / n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance .
他由于膽怯沒敢邀請(qǐng)她去參加舞會(huì)。
[派生] timid / 5timid / adj. 膽小的， 羞怯的
hesitate / 5heziteit / v. 猶豫， 躊躇， 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下，因?yàn)樗恢勒f(shuō)什么。
[同義] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver
[反義] dare ，decide ，determine
[派生] hesitation / 7hezi5teiFEn / n. 猶豫， 躊躇
cope / kEup / vi. （善于）應(yīng)付， （善于）處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個(gè)能干的司機(jī)，在交通擁擠時(shí)就開不好車。"
[同義] face， put up ，struggle
insecurity / 7insi5kjuEriti / n. 不安全， 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無(wú)依無(wú)靠的感覺是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security / si5kjuEriti / n. 安全
[派生] secure / si5kjuE / adj. 安全的， 可靠的， 放心的， 無(wú)慮的 v. 保護(hù)
unavoidable / 5QnE5vCidEbl / adj. 不能避免的， 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure
[反義] avoidable / E5vCidEbl / adj. 可避免的
overcome / 7EuvE5kQm / vt. 戰(zhàn)勝， 克服， 勝過(guò) vi. 得勝
[例] We were overcome with joy. 我們喜出望外。
[同義] conquer ，defeat， drive off， frustrate， overpower， surmount
[反義] submit / sEb5mit / v. 使）服從， （使）順從 vt. 提交， 遞交
cease / si：s / v. 停止， 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃
[同義] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反義] begin / bI5^In/ v. 開始， 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；
cease to be in effect 失效；
四、 強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.We ______ the length of a race in meters， but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.
A. abandon B. discard C. attainD. measure
2.There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes（糖尿?。?—— and nearly one-third of them （or 5.2 million people） do not know it！ Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.
A. risk B. gate C. edge D. safety
3.Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ - each with a purpose to it.
A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance
4.If you ever need anything please don't _______ to ask someone else first.
A. think B. assure C. hesitateD. agree
5. "It's more difficult for unwed（未婚的） mothers to get married， and if they do， they ____ to not marry well，" said Zhenchao Qian， associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.
A. likely B. tend C. suffer D. condemn
6.A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq， turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.
A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded D. confronted
7.Upon joining the firm， all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.
A. vertical B. vice C. essential D. visual
8.When I passed by the house last night， I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.
A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated D. renovated
9.Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do， what he wants of others， and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.
A. externalB. internal C. inside D. grim
10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear， and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.
A. gropeB. overcome C. flapD. bump
答案：DAACB DCBAB
There are two basic ways to see growth： one as a product， the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external result or product that can easily be identified and measured. The worker who gets a promotion， the student whose grades improve， the foreigner who learns a new language——all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts.
By contrast， the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine， since by definition it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way. The process is not the road itself， but rather the attitudes and feelings people have， their caution or courage， as they encounter new experiences and unexpected obstacles. In this process ， the journey never really ends； there are always new ways to experience the world， new ideas to try， new challenges to accept .
In order to grow， to travel new roads， people need to have a willingness to take risks， to confront the unknown， and to accept the possibility that they may "fail" at first. How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is essential to our ability to grow. Do we perceive ourselves as quick and curious？ If so， then we tend to take more chances and to be more open to unfamiliar experiences. Do we think we're shy and indecisive？ Then our sense of timidity can cause us to hesitate， to move slowly， and not to take a step until we know the ground is safe. Do we think we're slow to adapt to change or that we' re not smart enough to cope with a new challenge？ Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all.
These feelings of insecurity and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow. If we do not confront and overcome these internal fears and doubts， if we protect ourselves too much， then we cease to grow. We become trapped inside a shell of our own making .
二、譯文
對(duì)成長(zhǎng)的看法基本上有兩種：一種把成長(zhǎng)看成是結(jié)果，一種把它看成是過(guò)程。人們大多把個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)看成是容易識(shí)別和衡量的外部結(jié)果。工人得到了晉升，學(xué)生的成績(jī)有了提高，外國(guó)人學(xué)會(huì)了一門新語(yǔ)言——所有這些都是取得了能顯示出他們努力的可衡量結(jié)果的例子。
相比之下，個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程卻比較難以確定，因?yàn)閺亩x上可以看出，它是一個(gè)旅程，而不是旅程中特定的標(biāo)志或里程碑。這個(gè)過(guò)程指的并不是道路本身，而是人們?cè)谠庥鲂碌捏w驗(yàn)和預(yù)料不到的挫折時(shí)的態(tài)度和情感，勇氣和憂慮。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，這一旅程永遠(yuǎn)沒有終點(diǎn)，總是有新的體驗(yàn)，新的嘗試和新的挑戰(zhàn)。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)個(gè)人成長(zhǎng)，探索新道路，人們需要有愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的精神，人們要有勇于面對(duì)未知的世界的精神，人們要有敢于接受開始時(shí)也許就會(huì)失敗的可能性。我們?cè)谔剿餍侣返臅r(shí)候如何看待自己，這對(duì)我們的成長(zhǎng)能力是至關(guān)重要的。我們是否認(rèn)為自己頭腦靈活、好奇心強(qiáng)？如果是這樣，我們會(huì)更愿意冒風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，更愿意嘗試不熟悉的體驗(yàn)。我們是否認(rèn)為自己羞怯而缺乏主見？如果這樣，那么膽怯會(huì)使我們猶豫、行動(dòng)緩慢，在邁出一步之前總是先要確定路況是否安全。我們是否認(rèn)為自己調(diào)整自我以適應(yīng)變化很慢，或我們是否認(rèn)為自己不夠聰明，無(wú)法迎接新的挑戰(zhàn)？這樣的話，我們可能會(huì)采取更加被動(dòng)的態(tài)度，或者根本就不去嘗試新的事物。
如果我們要去改變自我并成長(zhǎng)的話，這些不安全感和自我懷疑都是不可避免的和必經(jīng)的。如果無(wú)法面對(duì)和克服這些內(nèi)心的恐懼和疑慮，如果我們對(duì)自己過(guò)分保護(hù)，那我們就會(huì)停止成長(zhǎng)，我們就會(huì)作繭自縛。
三、考研核心詞匯
external / eks5tE：nl / adj. 1外部的， 客觀的， [醫(yī)]外用的2外國(guó)的
n. 外部， 外面
[例] An internal sense of righteousness dwindles into an external concern for reputation？ A. R. Gurney， Jr.）
"內(nèi)心的正義感變成對(duì)外在名譽(yù)的關(guān)心"（小A.R.格尼）
[同義] exterior ， outer， outside， surface
[反義] internal / in5tE：nl / adj. 內(nèi)在的， 國(guó)內(nèi)的
measure / 5meVE / n. 1尺寸， 量度器， 量度標(biāo)準(zhǔn)2方法， 測(cè)量， 措施 vt. 1測(cè)量， 測(cè)度， 估量2分派， 權(quán)衡， 調(diào)節(jié) vi. 量
[例] 1測(cè)量：The standard kilogram is maintained as a measure of mass.
標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的千克是測(cè)量質(zhì)量的量度
2較量She measured her power with that of a dangerous adversary.
她拿自己的力量和危險(xiǎn)的敵手進(jìn)行較量
[同義] appraise ，assess ，compare， estimate ，grade， rank ，rate ，size
[固定搭配] measure up （常與to連用）合格；符合（標(biāo)準(zhǔn)）
contrast / 5kCntrAst / vt. 使與……對(duì)比， 使與……對(duì)照 vi. 和……形成對(duì)照 n. 對(duì)比， 對(duì)照， （對(duì)照中的）差異
[例] My new school was a welcome contrast to the one before.
我的新學(xué)校比以前的好多了。
[同義] compare， liken， match， measure
definition /7defi5niFEn / n. 1定義2解說(shuō)3 精確度， （輪廓影像等的）清晰度
[例] Good photographs have definition. 好的照片都很清晰。
[派生] define / di5fain / vt. 定義， 詳細(xì)說(shuō)明
definite / 5definit / adj. 明確的， 一定的
specific / spi5sifik / n. 1特效藥2細(xì)節(jié) adj. 1詳細(xì)而精確的， 明確的2特殊的， 特效的， [生物]種的
[例] I want a specific answer.
我想要一個(gè)明確的回答。
[同義] definite ，fixed， particular ，precise， special
[反義] general / 5dVenErEl / n. 1普通2將軍3概要 adj. 1一般的， 普通的2綜合的， 概括的， 全面的， 大體的 n. 常規(guī)
[派生] specify / 5spesifai / vt. 1指定2詳細(xì)說(shuō)明， 列入清單
specification / 7spesifi5keiFEn / n. 詳述， 規(guī)格， 說(shuō)明書， 規(guī)范
signpost / 5saInpEJst/ n. 路標(biāo)
[例] We usually put up signposts on the highway for the drivers.
我們經(jīng)常在高速公路上為司機(jī)們?cè)O(shè)立些路標(biāo)。
landmark / 5lAndmB：k / n. 1（航海）陸標(biāo)， 地界標(biāo)， 里程碑2劃時(shí)代的事
[例] The Potala Palace is Tibet's cardinal landmark and a structure that deserves a place as one of the wonders of eastern architecture.
布達(dá)拉宮是西藏標(biāo)志性的建筑，它能被認(rèn)為是東方建筑的奇跡之一。
[同義] milestone ，point
attitude / 5Atitju：d / n. 1姿勢(shì)， 態(tài)度，意見
[例] People's attitude towards the skyscrapers varies widely.
人們對(duì)這些摩天大樓的態(tài)度很不相同。
[同義] opinion ，position ，standpoint ，viewpoint
encounter / in5kauntE / v. 遭遇， 遇到， 相遇 n. 遭遇， 遭遇戰(zhàn)
[例] The young scientists encountered many difficulties during their exploration.
年輕的科學(xué)家們?cè)谔诫U(xiǎn)期間遇到了許多困難。
[同義] battle， collide， come across， confront ，meet， oppose
obstacle / 5CbstEkl / n. 障礙， 妨害物
[例] We combat obstacles in order to get repose？ Henry Adams）。
"為了獲得歇息，我們與困難斗爭(zhēng)"（亨利·亞當(dāng)斯）。
[同義] barrier， block， deterrent ，hindrance ，hitch， impediment obstruction， snag ，stoppage
[反義] help / help / n. 幫忙， 補(bǔ)救辦法， 助手， 治療， <美>傭工 vt. 幫助， 助長(zhǎng)， 接濟(jì)， 治療， 款待 vi. 有用， 救命， 招待
challenge / 5tFAlindV / n. 挑戰(zhàn) vt. 向……挑戰(zhàn)
[例] He challenged me to play another tennis game.
他向我挑戰(zhàn)要我跟他再打一場(chǎng)網(wǎng)球。
[同義] confront， dare ，defy ，dispute， doubt ，question
[派生] challenging / 5tFAlindViN / adj. 引起挑戰(zhàn)性興趣的， 挑逗的
risk / risk / vt. 冒……的危險(xiǎn) n. 冒險(xiǎn)， 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)
[例] His action risked a sharp reprisal.
他的行為冒著極可能遭到報(bào)復(fù)的危險(xiǎn)
[同義] chance， endanger ，expose， gamble ，hazard ，imperil， jeopardize ，venture
[反義] safety / 5seifti / n. 安全， 保險(xiǎn)， 安全設(shè)備， 保險(xiǎn)裝置
[固定搭配] run[take] the risk of doing sth. 冒險(xiǎn)做某事；take no risks 慎重行事；
at risk 在危險(xiǎn)中；
confront / kEn5frQnt / vt. 使面臨， 對(duì)抗
[例] I wish to confront my accuser in a court of law.
我希望和控告我的人當(dāng)庭對(duì)質(zhì)
[同義] encounter， face ， oppose
[派生] confrontation / 7kCnfrQn5teiFEn / n. 面對(duì)， 面對(duì)面， 對(duì)質(zhì)
essential / i5senFEl / adj. 1本質(zhì)的， 實(shí)質(zhì)的， 基本的2提煉的， 精華的
n. 1本質(zhì)， 實(shí)質(zhì)2要素， 要點(diǎn)
[例] What is the essential difference between these two economic systems？
這兩種經(jīng)濟(jì)體制的本質(zhì)區(qū)別是什么？
[同義] basic， fundamental， important， necessary ， needed， required ， vital
[派生] essence / 5esns / n. 基本， [哲]本質(zhì)， 香精
perceive / pE5si：v / vt. 察覺 v. 感知， 感到， 認(rèn)識(shí)到
[例] I perceived that I could not make her change her mind.
我發(fā)覺我不能使她改變她的主意。
[同義] detect， distinguish， experience， feel make out， observe， recognize sense
[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n.理解， 感知， 感覺， DPS公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的
tend / tend / vi . 趨向， 往往是 vt. 照管， 護(hù)理
[例] People under stress tend to express their full range of potential.
處于壓力下的人容易發(fā)揮自己全部的潛力。
[同義] administer， attend ， bend ， care for， foster， help ， incline
[派生] tendency / 5tendEnsi / n. 趨向， 傾向
indecisive / 7 indi5saisiv / adj. 非決定性的
[例] There are no indecisive boundaries between the two opinions.
這兩種意見界線分明。
[反義] decisive / di5saisiv / adj. 決定性的
timidity / ti5miditi / n. 膽怯
[例] His timidity prevented him from asking her to the dance .
他由于膽怯沒敢邀請(qǐng)她去參加舞會(huì)。
[派生] timid / 5timid / adj. 膽小的， 羞怯的
hesitate / 5heziteit / v. 猶豫， 躊躇， 不愿
[例] He hesitated before he answered because he didn't know what to say.
他在回答之前猶豫了一下，因?yàn)樗恢勒f(shuō)什么。
[同義] falter， flounder， let up ，pause， rest， waver
[反義] dare ，decide ，determine
[派生] hesitation / 7hezi5teiFEn / n. 猶豫， 躊躇
cope / kEup / vi. （善于）應(yīng)付， （善于）處理
[例] She is not a competent driver and can't cope with driving in heavy traffic.
"她不是個(gè)能干的司機(jī)，在交通擁擠時(shí)就開不好車。"
[同義] face， put up ，struggle
insecurity / 7insi5kjuEriti / n. 不安全， 不安全感
[例] The child's feeling of insecurity was caused by his mother's early death .
這孩子無(wú)依無(wú)靠的感覺是由于他母親早死所造成的。
[反義] security / si5kjuEriti / n. 安全
[派生] secure / si5kjuE / adj. 安全的， 可靠的， 放心的， 無(wú)慮的 v. 保護(hù)
unavoidable / 5QnE5vCidEbl / adj. 不能避免的， 不能取消的
[例] an unavoidable accident 必然會(huì)發(fā)生的事故
[同義] certain， inescapable， inevitable ， sure
[反義] avoidable / E5vCidEbl / adj. 可避免的
overcome / 7EuvE5kQm / vt. 戰(zhàn)勝， 克服， 勝過(guò) vi. 得勝
[例] We were overcome with joy. 我們喜出望外。
[同義] conquer ，defeat， drive off， frustrate， overpower， surmount
[反義] submit / sEb5mit / v. 使）服從， （使）順從 vt. 提交， 遞交
cease / si：s / v. 停止， 終了
[例] We worked without cease to get the project finished on time.
我們不停地生產(chǎn)以便按時(shí)完成計(jì)劃
[同義] discontinue， end， halt， quit ，stop
[反義] begin / bI5^In/ v. 開始， 首先
[固定搭配] cease out 絕跡； cease to be 不再是；cease to be in force 失效；
cease to be in effect 失效；
四、 強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.We ______ the length of a race in meters， but the length of the long jump event in feet and inches.
A. abandon B. discard C. attainD. measure
2.There are 18.2 million Americans with diabetes（糖尿?。?—— and nearly one-third of them （or 5.2 million people） do not know it！ Take this test to see if you are at ______ for having or developing diabetes.
A. risk B. gate C. edge D. safety
3.Defining disability is difficult because there are dozens of ______ - each with a purpose to it.
A. definitions B. consumption C. associations D. attendance
4.If you ever need anything please don't _______ to ask someone else first.
A. think B. assure C. hesitateD. agree
5. "It's more difficult for unwed（未婚的） mothers to get married， and if they do， they ____ to not marry well，" said Zhenchao Qian， associate professor of sociology at Ohio State University.
A. likely B. tend C. suffer D. condemn
6.A group of Turkish female activists ______ Undersecretary of State Karen Hughes yesterday with heated complaints about the U.S.-led invasion of Iraq， turning a session designed to highlight the empowerment of women into a raw display of anger at U.S. policy in the region.
A. conformed B. conceded C. concluded D. confronted
7.Upon joining the firm， all new analysts participate in an intense training program to learn the ______ concepts and methodologies used by practicing management consultants.
A. vertical B. vice C. essential D. visual
8.When I passed by the house last night， I ____ a man entering the house because I saw the curtain was moving in dark.
A. proceeded B. perceived C. vibrated D. renovated
9.Discipline is a requirement to conform _____ standards of conduct. It arises from the need to bring about a balance between what an individual wants to do， what he wants of others， and the limitations and restrictions demanded by society or by the hazards in the physical environment.
A. externalB. internal C. inside D. grim
10. I spent the rest of the afternoon at the park watching a very brave little girl _____ a fear， and congratulating myself for being a self-sufficient single parent.
A. gropeB. overcome C. flapD. bump
答案：DAACB DCBAB