一、真題文章（1996年Text 5）
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher ' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology ， geology ， and biology have provided a consistent ， unified， and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism， which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given， is based on religion， not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places， he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters， he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics， and， for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists， the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious， one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher， and this may account， in part， for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book， Stephen Jay Gould says： "This book stands for reason itself. "And so it does——and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate .
二、譯文
有傳言說(shuō)，有20多本關(guān)于創(chuàng)世論與進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的書(shū)即將出版，有幾本已經(jīng)面世了。所有這些書(shū)的目的是試圖告訴那些感到困惑的而且常常是還不開(kāi)通的蕓蕓眾生：就宇宙和生命的起源與發(fā)展問(wèn)題而言，不可能存在兩種都成立的科學(xué)理論。對(duì)于所發(fā)生的一切，宇宙學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、生物學(xué)已經(jīng)提供了一貫的、統(tǒng)一的并且是在不斷完善的解釋。當(dāng)課堂上講授進(jìn)化論時(shí)，有些人就想爭(zhēng)搶"相同的課時(shí)"來(lái)解釋"科學(xué)"創(chuàng)世論，其實(shí)科學(xué)創(chuàng)世論是基于宗教，而非科學(xué)。實(shí)際上，所有科學(xué)家和大多數(shù)非原教旨主義宗教領(lǐng)袖們都已將"科學(xué)"創(chuàng)世論看作是拙劣的科學(xué)和拙劣的宗教。
Kitcher的書(shū)在前四章中對(duì)進(jìn)化做了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。在合適的地方，他介紹了對(duì)創(chuàng)世論者的批判并給出了回答。在后三章中，他終于顯露出本意，給創(chuàng)世論者一頓痛擊。他描述了這些人伎倆，對(duì)那些不熟悉創(chuàng)世論者的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些人對(duì)真相的欺騙和歪曲程度讓人不快和震驚。因?yàn)榧热贿@些人的初動(dòng)機(jī)是宗教，他們本應(yīng)該采取更加符合基督教徒的行為。
Kitcher是位哲學(xué)家，這也許部分解釋了他的論證為何如此清晰和有效。非專(zhuān)業(yè)人士起碼可以了解支持進(jìn)化論的各種數(shù)據(jù)和觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)于創(chuàng)世論者的后一章對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都闡述得極為清楚。這部?jī)?yōu)秀作品的護(hù)封上引用了斯蒂芬。杰。古爾德的一句話，"這本書(shū)本身就代表了理性".的確如此——如果理性是創(chuàng)世論和進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的惟一裁判，一切問(wèn)題就解決了。
三、考研核心詞匯
rumor / 5ru：mE / n. 流言， 謠言， 傳聞 vt. 謠傳， 傳聞
[例] The rumor was fabricated by the enemy radio station.
這謠言是敵人廣播電臺(tái)捏造出來(lái)的。
[同義] broadcast， circulate， gossip
[派生] rumorous / `rU：mErEs / adj. 傳說(shuō)的 ，謠傳的
creationism / kri：`eIFEnIzEm / n. 創(chuàng)造宇宙說(shuō)， 特別創(chuàng)造說(shuō)
[例] The focus of this discussion is on a more narrow sense of Creationism.
這次討論的中心更多的是關(guān)于狹義的創(chuàng)世學(xué)說(shuō)。
[派生] creation / kri5eiFEn / n. 創(chuàng)造， 創(chuàng)作物
creative / kri（：）5eitiv / adj. 創(chuàng)造性的
pipeline / 5paip7lain / n. 管道， 傳遞途徑
[例] Farther down the pipeline are three other approaches to vaccine development？ （Boston Globe）
"除供給渠道外，培植牛痘還有其它三種途徑" （波士頓環(huán)球）
unenlightened / 5Qnin5laitnd / adj. 無(wú)知的， 不文明的， 落后的
[例] As we know， he is unenlightened. 正如我們所知道的他是一個(gè)無(wú)知的人。
[派生] enlighten / in5laitn / vt. 啟發(fā)， 啟蒙， 教導(dǎo)， 授予……知識(shí)， 開(kāi)導(dǎo)， <古>照耀
citizenry / 5sItIz（E）nrI/ n. 公民，市民（集合稱(chēng)）
[例] It corresponds to the Latin classis，a word borrowed from the Greek，meaning that part of the citizenry which has been called to the colours.
它的意思同拉丁文的classis（階級(jí)、階層等級(jí)）一樣——一個(gè)借自希臘語(yǔ)的詞——公民中的有色人種。
[派生] citizen / 5sitizn / n. 市民， 公民
valid / 5vAlid / adj. 1 [律]有效的， 有根據(jù)的2正當(dāng)?shù)模?正確的
[例] Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.
生病是不去上班的正當(dāng)理由。
[同義] adequate ，authorized， cogent ，effective， established ，
[反義] invalid / in5vAlid / n. 病人， 殘廢者 adj. 有病的， 殘廢的
origin / 5CridVin / n. 1起源， 由來(lái)， 起因2出身， 血統(tǒng)， [數(shù)]原點(diǎn)
[例] We cannot escape our origins， however hard we try？ （James Baldwin）
"無(wú)論如何努力，我們也改變不了我們的出身"（詹姆斯·鮑德溫）
[同義] beginning ，birth ，derivation， inception ， start
[反義] result / ri5zQlt / n. 結(jié)果， 成效， 計(jì)算結(jié)果 vi. 起因， 由于， 以……為結(jié)果， 導(dǎo)致
[派生] original / E5ridVEnEl / adj. 初的， 原始的， 獨(dú)創(chuàng)的， 新穎的
n. 原物， 原作
cosmology / kCz5mClEdVi / n. 宇宙哲學(xué)， 宇宙論
[例] This essay is about cosmology . 這篇文章是關(guān)于宇宙論的。
[派生] cosmic / 5kCzmik / adj. 宇宙的
geology / dVi5ClEdVi / n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)， 地質(zhì)概況
[例] the geology of North America 北美地質(zhì)概況
consistent / kEn5sistEnt / adj. 1一致的， 調(diào)和的2 堅(jiān)固的
[例] The testimony was consistent with the known facts.
口供與已知的事實(shí)相符合
[反義] inconsistent / 7inkEn5sistEnt / adj. 不一致的， 不協(xié)調(diào)的， 矛盾的
[派生] consistently adv. 一貫地， 一向， 始終如一地
unified / 5ju：nifaid /adj. 統(tǒng)一的， 統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的， 一元化的
[例] unified coarse thread 統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粗牙螺紋
[派生] unification / ju：nIfI5keIF（E）n / n. 統(tǒng)一，合一
majority / mE5dVCriti / n. 多數(shù)， 大半 n. [律] 成年
[例] The majority of children in our class have brown eyes； only three have blue eyes. 我們班大多數(shù)孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三個(gè)是藍(lán)眼睛。
[反義] minority / mai5nCriti， mi- / n. 少數(shù)， 少數(shù)民族
[派生] major / 5meidVE / n. <美>[教]主修課， [律]成年人， [樂(lè)]大調(diào) adj.主修的， 成年的， 大調(diào)的 vi. 主修
criticism / 5kritisiz（E）m / n. 批評(píng)， 批判
[例] These two criticisms provide a good starting point.
這兩條批評(píng)意見(jiàn)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了良好的開(kāi)端。
[反義] admiration / 7AdmE5reiFEn / n. 欽佩， 贊美， 羨慕
[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批評(píng)， 吹毛求疵， 非難
critic / 5kritik / n. 批評(píng)家， 評(píng)論家， 吹毛求疵者
tactics / 5tAktiks / n. 戰(zhàn)術(shù)， 策略
[例] Guerrilla tactics were employed during most of the war.
游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)被應(yīng)用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大部分時(shí)間里
[同義] strategy
distortion / dis5tC：FEn / n. 扭曲， 變形， 曲解， 失真
[例] a hopeless distortion of the truth 肆意歪曲真理
[派生] distort / dis5tC：t / vt. 弄歪（嘴臉等）， 扭曲， 歪曲（真理、事實(shí)等）， 誤報(bào)
motivation / 7mEuti5veiFEn / n. 動(dòng)機(jī)
[例] The stronger the motivation， the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一個(gè)人學(xué)外語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在要求越高， 那么他就學(xué)得越快。
[派生] motivational / 9mEJtI`veIFLnEl / adj. 動(dòng)機(jī)的， 有關(guān)動(dòng)機(jī)的
motivate / 5mEutiveit / v. 激發(fā)
philosopher / fi5lCsEfE / n 哲學(xué)家， 哲人， 達(dá)觀者
[例] You are a philosopher. 你真想得開(kāi)。
[派生] philosophic / 7filE5sCfik / adj. 哲學(xué)的， 賢明的
philosophy / fi5lCsEfi / n. 哲學(xué)， 哲學(xué)體系， 達(dá)觀， 冷靜
clarity / 5klAriti / n. 清楚， 透明
[例] the clarity of the difficult problem by giving a full explanation
以充分的說(shuō)明 來(lái)闡明那個(gè)難題
obtain / Eb5tein / vt. 獲得， 得到
[例] The facts had been obtained from thousands of students in their first year of university study by asking such questions as these.
這些情況是通過(guò)向數(shù)千名大學(xué)生在一年級(jí)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)情況的調(diào)查而獲得的，所提出的問(wèn)題如下。
[同義] acquire， earn ，gain， get， procure， receive，secure
[反義] lose / lu：z / vt. 1遺失， 浪費(fèi)， 輸去， 使失去2使迷路， 使沉溺于
vi. 受損失， 失敗
notion / 5nEuFEn / n. 1概念， 觀念， 想法2（復(fù)數(shù)）<美語(yǔ)>小飾物
[例] He has no notion of what I mean. 他不明白我的意思。
[同義] belief， idea，impression， opinion，
[派生] notional / 5nEuFEnEl / adj. 概念的， 想象的， [語(yǔ)]表意的， 實(shí)義的
jacket / 5dVAkit / n. 1短上衣， 夾克， （鍋爐、水管等的）套2書(shū)籍的封面套紙， 護(hù)封3馬鈴薯皮 vt. 給……穿夾克， 給……裝護(hù)套
[例] I like the design on this jacket. 我喜歡這個(gè)護(hù)封的設(shè)計(jì)。
[派生] jacketed / 5dVAkitid / adj. 置于殼內(nèi)的， 外面覆上套的
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.Two-thirds of adults have not made a will， leaving their would-be beneficiaries in possible peril. Surviving husbands and wives can get far less than their spouse intended if no ________ will is left.
A. intricate B. valid C. blank D. various
2.Children with parents whose guidance is firm， ________ ， and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence .
A. complicated B. illogical C. roughD. consistent
3. It traces the ________ and lives of the ancient Germanic gods， and their rise to power through deceit， betrayal and manipulation of earthly beings： heavy stuff for people not familiar with the culture.
A. promotion B. stream C. origin D. harbor
4. Reading comprehension requires ________， mental frameworks for holding ideas， concentration and good study techniques. Here are some suggestions.
A. motivation B. carelessness C. equivalence D. essence
5. Online advertising revenue is soaring， and consumers are getting used to the _______ of paying for services online.
A. fund B. notion C. income D. contribution
6. Sven-Goran Eriksson， the Swede， who faced severe __________ following England's defeat by Northern Ireland last month.
A. context B. contractC. contrast D. criticism
7. We're conducting aggressive counter-terrorism operations in the areas where the terrorists are concentrated. We are constantly adapting our ________ to the changing situations of the terrorists.
A. graphs B. tactics C. assimilation D. aspiration
8. The central authorities have started to use taxation as a tool to achieve the ______of building a "harmonious society，" said Han yesterday in an interview with China Daily.
A. goalB. assign C. accordance D. account
9. Mother Teresa， winner of the Nobel Peace Prize， dedicated the________ of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India， thus gaining her the name "Saint of the Gutters."
A. assessment B. minority C. majority D. identification
10. Although this view is widely held ， this is little evidence that education can be ________ at any age and at any place.
A. sold B. ignited C. ignored D. obtained
答案：BDCAB DBACD
Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher ' s pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology ， geology ， and biology have provided a consistent ， unified， and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism， which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given， is based on religion， not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of nonfundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.
The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places， he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters， he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and tactics， and， for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists， the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious， one might have expected more Christian behavior.
Kitcher is a philosopher， and this may account， in part， for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book， Stephen Jay Gould says： "This book stands for reason itself. "And so it does——and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate .
二、譯文
有傳言說(shuō)，有20多本關(guān)于創(chuàng)世論與進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的書(shū)即將出版，有幾本已經(jīng)面世了。所有這些書(shū)的目的是試圖告訴那些感到困惑的而且常常是還不開(kāi)通的蕓蕓眾生：就宇宙和生命的起源與發(fā)展問(wèn)題而言，不可能存在兩種都成立的科學(xué)理論。對(duì)于所發(fā)生的一切，宇宙學(xué)、地質(zhì)學(xué)、生物學(xué)已經(jīng)提供了一貫的、統(tǒng)一的并且是在不斷完善的解釋。當(dāng)課堂上講授進(jìn)化論時(shí)，有些人就想爭(zhēng)搶"相同的課時(shí)"來(lái)解釋"科學(xué)"創(chuàng)世論，其實(shí)科學(xué)創(chuàng)世論是基于宗教，而非科學(xué)。實(shí)際上，所有科學(xué)家和大多數(shù)非原教旨主義宗教領(lǐng)袖們都已將"科學(xué)"創(chuàng)世論看作是拙劣的科學(xué)和拙劣的宗教。
Kitcher的書(shū)在前四章中對(duì)進(jìn)化做了簡(jiǎn)單的介紹。在合適的地方，他介紹了對(duì)創(chuàng)世論者的批判并給出了回答。在后三章中，他終于顯露出本意，給創(chuàng)世論者一頓痛擊。他描述了這些人伎倆，對(duì)那些不熟悉創(chuàng)世論者的人來(lái)說(shuō)，這些人對(duì)真相的欺騙和歪曲程度讓人不快和震驚。因?yàn)榧热贿@些人的初動(dòng)機(jī)是宗教，他們本應(yīng)該采取更加符合基督教徒的行為。
Kitcher是位哲學(xué)家，這也許部分解釋了他的論證為何如此清晰和有效。非專(zhuān)業(yè)人士起碼可以了解支持進(jìn)化論的各種數(shù)據(jù)和觀點(diǎn)。關(guān)于創(chuàng)世論者的后一章對(duì)每個(gè)人來(lái)說(shuō)都闡述得極為清楚。這部?jī)?yōu)秀作品的護(hù)封上引用了斯蒂芬。杰。古爾德的一句話，"這本書(shū)本身就代表了理性".的確如此——如果理性是創(chuàng)世論和進(jìn)化論之爭(zhēng)的惟一裁判，一切問(wèn)題就解決了。
三、考研核心詞匯
rumor / 5ru：mE / n. 流言， 謠言， 傳聞 vt. 謠傳， 傳聞
[例] The rumor was fabricated by the enemy radio station.
這謠言是敵人廣播電臺(tái)捏造出來(lái)的。
[同義] broadcast， circulate， gossip
[派生] rumorous / `rU：mErEs / adj. 傳說(shuō)的 ，謠傳的
creationism / kri：`eIFEnIzEm / n. 創(chuàng)造宇宙說(shuō)， 特別創(chuàng)造說(shuō)
[例] The focus of this discussion is on a more narrow sense of Creationism.
這次討論的中心更多的是關(guān)于狹義的創(chuàng)世學(xué)說(shuō)。
[派生] creation / kri5eiFEn / n. 創(chuàng)造， 創(chuàng)作物
creative / kri（：）5eitiv / adj. 創(chuàng)造性的
pipeline / 5paip7lain / n. 管道， 傳遞途徑
[例] Farther down the pipeline are three other approaches to vaccine development？ （Boston Globe）
"除供給渠道外，培植牛痘還有其它三種途徑" （波士頓環(huán)球）
unenlightened / 5Qnin5laitnd / adj. 無(wú)知的， 不文明的， 落后的
[例] As we know， he is unenlightened. 正如我們所知道的他是一個(gè)無(wú)知的人。
[派生] enlighten / in5laitn / vt. 啟發(fā)， 啟蒙， 教導(dǎo)， 授予……知識(shí)， 開(kāi)導(dǎo)， <古>照耀
citizenry / 5sItIz（E）nrI/ n. 公民，市民（集合稱(chēng)）
[例] It corresponds to the Latin classis，a word borrowed from the Greek，meaning that part of the citizenry which has been called to the colours.
它的意思同拉丁文的classis（階級(jí)、階層等級(jí)）一樣——一個(gè)借自希臘語(yǔ)的詞——公民中的有色人種。
[派生] citizen / 5sitizn / n. 市民， 公民
valid / 5vAlid / adj. 1 [律]有效的， 有根據(jù)的2正當(dāng)?shù)模?正確的
[例] Illness is a valid excuse for being absent from work.
生病是不去上班的正當(dāng)理由。
[同義] adequate ，authorized， cogent ，effective， established ，
[反義] invalid / in5vAlid / n. 病人， 殘廢者 adj. 有病的， 殘廢的
origin / 5CridVin / n. 1起源， 由來(lái)， 起因2出身， 血統(tǒng)， [數(shù)]原點(diǎn)
[例] We cannot escape our origins， however hard we try？ （James Baldwin）
"無(wú)論如何努力，我們也改變不了我們的出身"（詹姆斯·鮑德溫）
[同義] beginning ，birth ，derivation， inception ， start
[反義] result / ri5zQlt / n. 結(jié)果， 成效， 計(jì)算結(jié)果 vi. 起因， 由于， 以……為結(jié)果， 導(dǎo)致
[派生] original / E5ridVEnEl / adj. 初的， 原始的， 獨(dú)創(chuàng)的， 新穎的
n. 原物， 原作
cosmology / kCz5mClEdVi / n. 宇宙哲學(xué)， 宇宙論
[例] This essay is about cosmology . 這篇文章是關(guān)于宇宙論的。
[派生] cosmic / 5kCzmik / adj. 宇宙的
geology / dVi5ClEdVi / n. 地質(zhì)學(xué)， 地質(zhì)概況
[例] the geology of North America 北美地質(zhì)概況
consistent / kEn5sistEnt / adj. 1一致的， 調(diào)和的2 堅(jiān)固的
[例] The testimony was consistent with the known facts.
口供與已知的事實(shí)相符合
[反義] inconsistent / 7inkEn5sistEnt / adj. 不一致的， 不協(xié)調(diào)的， 矛盾的
[派生] consistently adv. 一貫地， 一向， 始終如一地
unified / 5ju：nifaid /adj. 統(tǒng)一的， 統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的， 一元化的
[例] unified coarse thread 統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)粗牙螺紋
[派生] unification / ju：nIfI5keIF（E）n / n. 統(tǒng)一，合一
majority / mE5dVCriti / n. 多數(shù)， 大半 n. [律] 成年
[例] The majority of children in our class have brown eyes； only three have blue eyes. 我們班大多數(shù)孩子是棕色眼睛，只有三個(gè)是藍(lán)眼睛。
[反義] minority / mai5nCriti， mi- / n. 少數(shù)， 少數(shù)民族
[派生] major / 5meidVE / n. <美>[教]主修課， [律]成年人， [樂(lè)]大調(diào) adj.主修的， 成年的， 大調(diào)的 vi. 主修
criticism / 5kritisiz（E）m / n. 批評(píng)， 批判
[例] These two criticisms provide a good starting point.
這兩條批評(píng)意見(jiàn)開(kāi)創(chuàng)了良好的開(kāi)端。
[反義] admiration / 7AdmE5reiFEn / n. 欽佩， 贊美， 羨慕
[派生] criticize / 5kritisaiz / v. 批評(píng)， 吹毛求疵， 非難
critic / 5kritik / n. 批評(píng)家， 評(píng)論家， 吹毛求疵者
tactics / 5tAktiks / n. 戰(zhàn)術(shù)， 策略
[例] Guerrilla tactics were employed during most of the war.
游擊戰(zhàn)術(shù)被應(yīng)用于戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大部分時(shí)間里
[同義] strategy
distortion / dis5tC：FEn / n. 扭曲， 變形， 曲解， 失真
[例] a hopeless distortion of the truth 肆意歪曲真理
[派生] distort / dis5tC：t / vt. 弄歪（嘴臉等）， 扭曲， 歪曲（真理、事實(shí)等）， 誤報(bào)
motivation / 7mEuti5veiFEn / n. 動(dòng)機(jī)
[例] The stronger the motivation， the more quickly a person will learn a foreign language.
一個(gè)人學(xué)外語(yǔ)的內(nèi)在要求越高， 那么他就學(xué)得越快。
[派生] motivational / 9mEJtI`veIFLnEl / adj. 動(dòng)機(jī)的， 有關(guān)動(dòng)機(jī)的
motivate / 5mEutiveit / v. 激發(fā)
philosopher / fi5lCsEfE / n 哲學(xué)家， 哲人， 達(dá)觀者
[例] You are a philosopher. 你真想得開(kāi)。
[派生] philosophic / 7filE5sCfik / adj. 哲學(xué)的， 賢明的
philosophy / fi5lCsEfi / n. 哲學(xué)， 哲學(xué)體系， 達(dá)觀， 冷靜
clarity / 5klAriti / n. 清楚， 透明
[例] the clarity of the difficult problem by giving a full explanation
以充分的說(shuō)明 來(lái)闡明那個(gè)難題
obtain / Eb5tein / vt. 獲得， 得到
[例] The facts had been obtained from thousands of students in their first year of university study by asking such questions as these.
這些情況是通過(guò)向數(shù)千名大學(xué)生在一年級(jí)時(shí)學(xué)習(xí)情況的調(diào)查而獲得的，所提出的問(wèn)題如下。
[同義] acquire， earn ，gain， get， procure， receive，secure
[反義] lose / lu：z / vt. 1遺失， 浪費(fèi)， 輸去， 使失去2使迷路， 使沉溺于
vi. 受損失， 失敗
notion / 5nEuFEn / n. 1概念， 觀念， 想法2（復(fù)數(shù)）<美語(yǔ)>小飾物
[例] He has no notion of what I mean. 他不明白我的意思。
[同義] belief， idea，impression， opinion，
[派生] notional / 5nEuFEnEl / adj. 概念的， 想象的， [語(yǔ)]表意的， 實(shí)義的
jacket / 5dVAkit / n. 1短上衣， 夾克， （鍋爐、水管等的）套2書(shū)籍的封面套紙， 護(hù)封3馬鈴薯皮 vt. 給……穿夾克， 給……裝護(hù)套
[例] I like the design on this jacket. 我喜歡這個(gè)護(hù)封的設(shè)計(jì)。
[派生] jacketed / 5dVAkitid / adj. 置于殼內(nèi)的， 外面覆上套的
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.Two-thirds of adults have not made a will， leaving their would-be beneficiaries in possible peril. Surviving husbands and wives can get far less than their spouse intended if no ________ will is left.
A. intricate B. valid C. blank D. various
2.Children with parents whose guidance is firm， ________ ， and rational are inclined to possess high levels of self-confidence .
A. complicated B. illogical C. roughD. consistent
3. It traces the ________ and lives of the ancient Germanic gods， and their rise to power through deceit， betrayal and manipulation of earthly beings： heavy stuff for people not familiar with the culture.
A. promotion B. stream C. origin D. harbor
4. Reading comprehension requires ________， mental frameworks for holding ideas， concentration and good study techniques. Here are some suggestions.
A. motivation B. carelessness C. equivalence D. essence
5. Online advertising revenue is soaring， and consumers are getting used to the _______ of paying for services online.
A. fund B. notion C. income D. contribution
6. Sven-Goran Eriksson， the Swede， who faced severe __________ following England's defeat by Northern Ireland last month.
A. context B. contractC. contrast D. criticism
7. We're conducting aggressive counter-terrorism operations in the areas where the terrorists are concentrated. We are constantly adapting our ________ to the changing situations of the terrorists.
A. graphs B. tactics C. assimilation D. aspiration
8. The central authorities have started to use taxation as a tool to achieve the ______of building a "harmonious society，" said Han yesterday in an interview with China Daily.
A. goalB. assign C. accordance D. account
9. Mother Teresa， winner of the Nobel Peace Prize， dedicated the________ of her life to helping the poorest of the poor in India， thus gaining her the name "Saint of the Gutters."
A. assessment B. minority C. majority D. identification
10. Although this view is widely held ， this is little evidence that education can be ________ at any age and at any place.
A. sold B. ignited C. ignored D. obtained
答案：BDCAB DBACD