一、真題文章（1997年Text 2）
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly， courteous， and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair， this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians， and should best be considered North American. There are， of course， exceptions. Small minded officials， rude waiters， and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion， and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone， if hungry， injured， or ill， often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him， there was no one else who would. And someday， remember， you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet， the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US， especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through， got talking with this American， and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon， but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And， of course， speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example， when an American uses the word "friend"， the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet， being friendly is a virtue that many American value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
二、譯文
去過美國(guó)的人所帶回來的印象總是：大多數(shù)美國(guó)人表現(xiàn)為友好、禮貌、樂于助人。公平的講，許多到過加拿大的人對(duì)加拿大人也有同感，因此可以說：這是一種北美現(xiàn)象。然而，這種情況也有例外：心胸狹隘的官員、粗魯?shù)氖陶?、無禮的出租車司機(jī)也不乏其人，但因?yàn)槌Ｓ猩鲜龅慕Y(jié)論，所以這就值得評(píng)論一番了。曾經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，在美國(guó)的很多地方旅行者的來訪能打破往日沉悶的生活，因此是很受歡迎的。對(duì)于那些居住得比較分散的家庭來說，沉悶和孤獨(dú)是很普遍的問題。陌生人和旅行者帶來了外面世界的信息，解除了生活的煩悶。
拓荒地區(qū)的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)也是形成美國(guó)人禮貌傳統(tǒng)的原因。一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的旅行者如果饑餓、受傷或生病自然求助于路邊最近的居住點(diǎn)，這對(duì)旅行者來說別無選擇，對(duì)就近的定居者來說，提供必要的幫助也不僅僅是出于憐憫。這反映的是日常生活的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí)：如果定居者不接收并幫助他，就沒有別人了，另外，有一天定居者本人也有可能處于同一境地。
今天，有許多慈善組織專門幫助疲勞的旅行者，但是美國(guó)仍然有很強(qiáng)的對(duì)陌生人好客的傳統(tǒng)，尤其是在遠(yuǎn)離旅游區(qū)的小城鎮(zhèn)里。經(jīng)?？梢月牭接慰蛯?duì)美國(guó)這樣的評(píng)論： "我在旅行中碰到一個(gè)美國(guó)人，只和他談了幾句，他就邀請(qǐng)我回家吃晚飯了，真奇怪。"旅行者對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的理解往往不正確，很多美國(guó)人隨意的友善表示并不應(yīng)該理解成膚淺或做作的舉動(dòng)，而應(yīng)該看成是有歷史根源的文化傳統(tǒng)。
象其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，在美國(guó)，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。當(dāng)然，會(huì)講一種語言并不意味著一個(gè)人理解該語言的社會(huì)和文化模式。不能正確"詮釋"文化含義的旅行者往往得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。例如，美國(guó)人所說的"朋友"一詞，其文化含義可能與旅行者母語中的文化內(nèi)涵大相徑庭。僅靠在公共汽車上瞬時(shí)相遇來區(qū)別禮貌是出自于文化習(xí)慣還是個(gè)人的興趣是不夠的。但是友善好客是倍受美國(guó)人珍視的美德，他們同樣希望鄰國(guó)人和其他外國(guó)人也表現(xiàn)出這一美德。
三、考研核心詞匯
courteous / 5kE：tjEs / adj. 有禮貌的， 謙恭的
[例] It was courteous of you to write a letter of thanks .
你寫這封感謝信真是謙恭得很。
[同義] civil ，gracious， obliging ，polite ，respectful
[反義] cowardly / 5kaJEdlI / adv. 膽怯地
[派生] courtesy [ 5kE：tisi， 5kC：- ] n. 謙恭， 允許， 禮貌
frequently / 5fri：kwEntlI / adv. 常常， 頻繁地
[例] The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
全球市場(chǎng)研究員的活動(dòng)通常要比國(guó)內(nèi)商人的活動(dòng)廣泛得多。
[同義] often ， repeatedly
[反義] infrequent / in5fri：kwEnt / adj. 稀少的， 很少發(fā)生的， 罕見的
[派生] frequent / 5fri：kwEnt / adj. 時(shí)常發(fā)生的， 頻繁的
frequency / 5fri：kwEnsI/ n. 頻率， 周率， 發(fā)生次數(shù)
official / E5fiFEl / n. 官員， 公務(wù)員 adj. 職務(wù)上的， 公務(wù)的， 官方的
[例] The mass media demanded that all the official documents concerning the sale of this land be made public.
大眾媒體要求公布有關(guān)出售這塊土地的全部正式文件。
[反義] unofficial / 5QnE5fiFEl / adj. 非官方的， 非法定的， 非正式的
comment / 5kCment / n. 注釋， 評(píng)論， 意見 vi. 注釋， 評(píng)論
[例] He made a comment about the bad road.
他對(duì)這條糟糕的路發(fā)表評(píng)論。
[同義] mention， note ， observe， remark
[派生] commentary / 5kCmEntEri / n. 注釋， 解說詞
commentator / 5kCmenteitE /n. 評(píng)論員，講解員
[固定搭配] ask for comment 征求意見； make comments on sth. 評(píng)論某事
diversion / dai5vE：FEn / n. 1 轉(zhuǎn)移， 轉(zhuǎn)換， 牽制2解悶， 娛樂
[例] I think the present armed clash on the border was a diversion to make their people forget the internal difficult economic situation.
我認(rèn)為目前發(fā)生的邊界沖突事件是想要轉(zhuǎn)移他們國(guó)內(nèi)人民對(duì)困難的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的注意力。
[派生] divert / di5vE：t / v. 轉(zhuǎn)移， 轉(zhuǎn)向， 使高興
diversionary / dai5vE：FEnEri， di5vE：VEnEri / adj. 轉(zhuǎn)換注意力的， 牽制的
harsh / hB：F / adj. 1 粗糙的， 荒蕪的2苛刻的3刺耳的， 刺目的
[例] a harsh punishment
嚴(yán)厲的懲罰
[同義] coarse， cruel ， husky， rough. Severe， sharp ， stern
[反義] gentle， mild ， quiet
frontier / 5frQntjE / n. 國(guó)境， 邊疆， 邊境
[例] The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.
醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的新領(lǐng)域正隨著時(shí)間向前推進(jìn)。
[同義] border ， outskirts
hospitality / 7hCspi5tAliti / n. 好客， 宜人， 盛情
[例] The people of your village showed me great hospitality.
你們村里的人對(duì)我非常殷勤好客。
cabin / 5kAbin / n. 小屋， 船艙
[例] a four-berth cabin 四個(gè)鋪位的船艙
[同義] cottage， house， hut
charitable / 5tFAritEbl / adj. 仁慈的， （為）慈善事業(yè)的，寬恕的
[例] a charitable organization.慈善組織
[同義] generous ， giving ， kindly
[派生] charity / 5tFAriti / n. 慈善， 施舍， 慈善團(tuán)體
impulse / 5impQls / n. 推動(dòng)， 刺激， 沖動(dòng)， 推動(dòng)力 vt. 推動(dòng)
[例] She bought the dress on impulse.
她一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買了這件衣服。
[同義] compulsion ， fancy ， pressure ， push ， thrust， urge
[派生] impulsive / im5pQlsiv / adj. 沖動(dòng)的
reflect / ri5flekt / v. 1 反射， 反映， 表現(xiàn)2反省， 細(xì)想
[例] The excuses you gave reflect disappointingly on you.
你找的理由使你招來非議
[同義] consider， contemplate， meditate
[派生] reflection / ri5flekFEn / n. 1反射， 映象， 倒影2反省， 沉思， 反映
reflecting / ri5flektiN / adj. 反射的 ， 反映的
weary / 5wiEri / adj. 1 疲倦的， 厭倦的， 令人厭煩的2 疲勞 v. 疲倦， 厭倦， 厭煩
[例] I felt weary after work.我下班后感到疲乏。
[同義] faint， fatigued， weak
[派生] wearily adv. 疲倦地， 無聊地
amazing / E5meiziN / adj. 令人驚異的
[例] What an amazing embroidery！ 多么了不起的一幅刺繡作品！
[派生] amaze / E5meiz / vt. 使吃驚
amazement / E5meizmEnt / n. 驚愕， 驚異
superficial / sju：pE5fiFEl / adj. 表面的， 膚淺的， 淺薄的
[例] Only the most superficial mind would assert nowadays that man is a reasonable creature？ （H.G. Wells）。
"如今只有最簡(jiǎn)單的頭腦才會(huì)斷言人是有理智的動(dòng)物"（H·G·威爾斯）。
[同義] cursory， shallow ， surface
[反義] deep / di：p / adj. 1深的， 縱深的， 遠(yuǎn)離中心的2深?yuàn)W的， 難懂的， （指人）詭計(jì)多端的3低沉的（聲音） adv. 深入地， 遲
n. 深淵， 深處
artificial / 7B：ti5fiFEl / adj. 人造的， 假的
[例] This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial coloring.
這種品牌的罐裝青豆不含人造色素。
[同義] fake， false， imitation， pretended
[反義] real ， genuine / 5dVenjuin / adj. 真實(shí)的， 真正的， 誠(chéng)懇的
convention？？ / kEn5venFEn / n. 1 大會(huì)；協(xié)定2 習(xí)俗， 慣例
[例] By convention， north is at the top of most maps.
依照慣例，北方位于大多數(shù)地圖的頂端
[派生] conventional / kEn5venFEnl / adj. 慣例的， 常規(guī)的， 習(xí)俗的， 傳統(tǒng)的
underlie / 7QndE5lai vt. 位于……之下， 成為……的基礎(chǔ)
[例] Many factors underlie my decision. 我的決定以眾多因素為基礎(chǔ)
[派生] underlying / 5QndE5laiiN / adj. 在下面的， 根本的， 潛在的， [商]優(yōu)先的
conclusion / kEn5klu：VEn / n. 結(jié)束， 締結(jié)， 結(jié)論
[例] I found the conclusion of her story very exciting.
我覺得她那故事的結(jié)尾很激動(dòng)人心。
[派生] conclude / kEn5klu：d / v. 結(jié)束， 終止， 決定， 作出結(jié)論
vt. 推斷， 斷定， 締結(jié)， 議定
[固定搭配] in conclusion 最后，總之
distinguish / dis5tiN^wiF / v. 區(qū)別， 辨別
[例] They have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers.
他們作為全心全意的社會(huì)工作者而出人頭地
[同義] define ， detect ， dignify ， see
[派生] distinguished / dis5tiN^wiFt / adj. 卓著的， 的， 高貴的
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.The State Administration of Radio， Film and Television declined to _________ on the new regulations， saying they were suggested by the equally official China Radio and Television Society， an association of industry workers.
A.coincide B. cling C. comment D. collaborate
2.________ winters can wreck a promising harvest.
A.Warm B. Harsh C. Smooth D. Bizarre
3. During the APCS， Chongqing citizens from all walks of life devote themselves to the smooth holding of APCS， showing their__________ to foreign guests and displaying image of Chonging.
A.hospitality B. hostile C. biasD. hamper
4. And yet， surprisingly， the creative ________ for the latest global movie blockbuster did not spring from this vast and resourceful empire. Instead， it was once again a seemingly homemade product .
A.conservation B. conscience C. consequence D. impulse
5. Names are only_______ things， floats bobbing on the surface of the water， and we share deeper connections than that.
A.superficial B. surface C. definite D. deliberate
6. Scientists have mapped patterns of tiny DNA differences that _________ one person from another， an achievement that will help researchers find genes that promote common illnesses such as heart disease.
A.delayB. distinguish C. deformD. define
7. A _______ leading around a tree and disappearing in the distance beckons to the viewer to come in， look around， and learn something. That makes it a much more enticing photo.
A.guidance B. guarantee C. trailD. model
8. Lady Diana Spencer， Princess of Whales， is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty， kindness， humanity and ______ activities than for her technical skills.
A. monotony B. motiveC. charitable D. severe
9. Isn't it _______ how one person， sharing one idea， at the right time and place can change the course of your life' s history？
A.amazingB. terrible C. delight D. sad
10. In _______， media should not be seen simply as bad or good because we need to use information properly to the best of our ability.
A.testimony B. declaration C. danger D. conclusion
答案：CBADA BCCAD
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly， courteous， and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair， this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians， and should best be considered North American. There are， of course， exceptions. Small minded officials， rude waiters， and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country， a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion， and brought news of the outside world.
The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone， if hungry， injured， or ill， often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life： if you didn't take in the stranger and take care of him， there was no one else who would. And someday， remember， you might be in the same situation.
Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet， the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US， especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through， got talking with this American， and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner - amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon， but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial， but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition.
As is true of any developed society， in America a complex set of cultural signals， assumptions， and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And， of course， speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example， when an American uses the word "friend"， the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor's language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet， being friendly is a virtue that many American value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
二、譯文
去過美國(guó)的人所帶回來的印象總是：大多數(shù)美國(guó)人表現(xiàn)為友好、禮貌、樂于助人。公平的講，許多到過加拿大的人對(duì)加拿大人也有同感，因此可以說：這是一種北美現(xiàn)象。然而，這種情況也有例外：心胸狹隘的官員、粗魯?shù)氖陶?、無禮的出租車司機(jī)也不乏其人，但因?yàn)槌Ｓ猩鲜龅慕Y(jié)論，所以這就值得評(píng)論一番了。曾經(jīng)有很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間，在美國(guó)的很多地方旅行者的來訪能打破往日沉悶的生活，因此是很受歡迎的。對(duì)于那些居住得比較分散的家庭來說，沉悶和孤獨(dú)是很普遍的問題。陌生人和旅行者帶來了外面世界的信息，解除了生活的煩悶。
拓荒地區(qū)的殘酷現(xiàn)實(shí)也是形成美國(guó)人禮貌傳統(tǒng)的原因。一個(gè)孤獨(dú)的旅行者如果饑餓、受傷或生病自然求助于路邊最近的居住點(diǎn)，這對(duì)旅行者來說別無選擇，對(duì)就近的定居者來說，提供必要的幫助也不僅僅是出于憐憫。這反映的是日常生活的嚴(yán)酷現(xiàn)實(shí)：如果定居者不接收并幫助他，就沒有別人了，另外，有一天定居者本人也有可能處于同一境地。
今天，有許多慈善組織專門幫助疲勞的旅行者，但是美國(guó)仍然有很強(qiáng)的對(duì)陌生人好客的傳統(tǒng)，尤其是在遠(yuǎn)離旅游區(qū)的小城鎮(zhèn)里。經(jīng)?？梢月牭接慰蛯?duì)美國(guó)這樣的評(píng)論： "我在旅行中碰到一個(gè)美國(guó)人，只和他談了幾句，他就邀請(qǐng)我回家吃晚飯了，真奇怪。"旅行者對(duì)這種現(xiàn)象的理解往往不正確，很多美國(guó)人隨意的友善表示并不應(yīng)該理解成膚淺或做作的舉動(dòng)，而應(yīng)該看成是有歷史根源的文化傳統(tǒng)。
象其他發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家一樣，在美國(guó)，人際關(guān)系的背后是一系列復(fù)雜的文化符號(hào)、信念和習(xí)俗。當(dāng)然，會(huì)講一種語言并不意味著一個(gè)人理解該語言的社會(huì)和文化模式。不能正確"詮釋"文化含義的旅行者往往得出錯(cuò)誤的結(jié)論。例如，美國(guó)人所說的"朋友"一詞，其文化含義可能與旅行者母語中的文化內(nèi)涵大相徑庭。僅靠在公共汽車上瞬時(shí)相遇來區(qū)別禮貌是出自于文化習(xí)慣還是個(gè)人的興趣是不夠的。但是友善好客是倍受美國(guó)人珍視的美德，他們同樣希望鄰國(guó)人和其他外國(guó)人也表現(xiàn)出這一美德。
三、考研核心詞匯
courteous / 5kE：tjEs / adj. 有禮貌的， 謙恭的
[例] It was courteous of you to write a letter of thanks .
你寫這封感謝信真是謙恭得很。
[同義] civil ，gracious， obliging ，polite ，respectful
[反義] cowardly / 5kaJEdlI / adv. 膽怯地
[派生] courtesy [ 5kE：tisi， 5kC：- ] n. 謙恭， 允許， 禮貌
frequently / 5fri：kwEntlI / adv. 常常， 頻繁地
[例] The activities of the international marketing researcher are frequently much broader than those of the domestic marketer.
全球市場(chǎng)研究員的活動(dòng)通常要比國(guó)內(nèi)商人的活動(dòng)廣泛得多。
[同義] often ， repeatedly
[反義] infrequent / in5fri：kwEnt / adj. 稀少的， 很少發(fā)生的， 罕見的
[派生] frequent / 5fri：kwEnt / adj. 時(shí)常發(fā)生的， 頻繁的
frequency / 5fri：kwEnsI/ n. 頻率， 周率， 發(fā)生次數(shù)
official / E5fiFEl / n. 官員， 公務(wù)員 adj. 職務(wù)上的， 公務(wù)的， 官方的
[例] The mass media demanded that all the official documents concerning the sale of this land be made public.
大眾媒體要求公布有關(guān)出售這塊土地的全部正式文件。
[反義] unofficial / 5QnE5fiFEl / adj. 非官方的， 非法定的， 非正式的
comment / 5kCment / n. 注釋， 評(píng)論， 意見 vi. 注釋， 評(píng)論
[例] He made a comment about the bad road.
他對(duì)這條糟糕的路發(fā)表評(píng)論。
[同義] mention， note ， observe， remark
[派生] commentary / 5kCmEntEri / n. 注釋， 解說詞
commentator / 5kCmenteitE /n. 評(píng)論員，講解員
[固定搭配] ask for comment 征求意見； make comments on sth. 評(píng)論某事
diversion / dai5vE：FEn / n. 1 轉(zhuǎn)移， 轉(zhuǎn)換， 牽制2解悶， 娛樂
[例] I think the present armed clash on the border was a diversion to make their people forget the internal difficult economic situation.
我認(rèn)為目前發(fā)生的邊界沖突事件是想要轉(zhuǎn)移他們國(guó)內(nèi)人民對(duì)困難的經(jīng)濟(jì)形勢(shì)的注意力。
[派生] divert / di5vE：t / v. 轉(zhuǎn)移， 轉(zhuǎn)向， 使高興
diversionary / dai5vE：FEnEri， di5vE：VEnEri / adj. 轉(zhuǎn)換注意力的， 牽制的
harsh / hB：F / adj. 1 粗糙的， 荒蕪的2苛刻的3刺耳的， 刺目的
[例] a harsh punishment
嚴(yán)厲的懲罰
[同義] coarse， cruel ， husky， rough. Severe， sharp ， stern
[反義] gentle， mild ， quiet
frontier / 5frQntjE / n. 國(guó)境， 邊疆， 邊境
[例] The frontiers of medical knowledge are being pushed farther outwards as time goes on.
醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)的新領(lǐng)域正隨著時(shí)間向前推進(jìn)。
[同義] border ， outskirts
hospitality / 7hCspi5tAliti / n. 好客， 宜人， 盛情
[例] The people of your village showed me great hospitality.
你們村里的人對(duì)我非常殷勤好客。
cabin / 5kAbin / n. 小屋， 船艙
[例] a four-berth cabin 四個(gè)鋪位的船艙
[同義] cottage， house， hut
charitable / 5tFAritEbl / adj. 仁慈的， （為）慈善事業(yè)的，寬恕的
[例] a charitable organization.慈善組織
[同義] generous ， giving ， kindly
[派生] charity / 5tFAriti / n. 慈善， 施舍， 慈善團(tuán)體
impulse / 5impQls / n. 推動(dòng)， 刺激， 沖動(dòng)， 推動(dòng)力 vt. 推動(dòng)
[例] She bought the dress on impulse.
她一時(shí)沖動(dòng)買了這件衣服。
[同義] compulsion ， fancy ， pressure ， push ， thrust， urge
[派生] impulsive / im5pQlsiv / adj. 沖動(dòng)的
reflect / ri5flekt / v. 1 反射， 反映， 表現(xiàn)2反省， 細(xì)想
[例] The excuses you gave reflect disappointingly on you.
你找的理由使你招來非議
[同義] consider， contemplate， meditate
[派生] reflection / ri5flekFEn / n. 1反射， 映象， 倒影2反省， 沉思， 反映
reflecting / ri5flektiN / adj. 反射的 ， 反映的
weary / 5wiEri / adj. 1 疲倦的， 厭倦的， 令人厭煩的2 疲勞 v. 疲倦， 厭倦， 厭煩
[例] I felt weary after work.我下班后感到疲乏。
[同義] faint， fatigued， weak
[派生] wearily adv. 疲倦地， 無聊地
amazing / E5meiziN / adj. 令人驚異的
[例] What an amazing embroidery！ 多么了不起的一幅刺繡作品！
[派生] amaze / E5meiz / vt. 使吃驚
amazement / E5meizmEnt / n. 驚愕， 驚異
superficial / sju：pE5fiFEl / adj. 表面的， 膚淺的， 淺薄的
[例] Only the most superficial mind would assert nowadays that man is a reasonable creature？ （H.G. Wells）。
"如今只有最簡(jiǎn)單的頭腦才會(huì)斷言人是有理智的動(dòng)物"（H·G·威爾斯）。
[同義] cursory， shallow ， surface
[反義] deep / di：p / adj. 1深的， 縱深的， 遠(yuǎn)離中心的2深?yuàn)W的， 難懂的， （指人）詭計(jì)多端的3低沉的（聲音） adv. 深入地， 遲
n. 深淵， 深處
artificial / 7B：ti5fiFEl / adj. 人造的， 假的
[例] This brand of tinned beans contains no artificial coloring.
這種品牌的罐裝青豆不含人造色素。
[同義] fake， false， imitation， pretended
[反義] real ， genuine / 5dVenjuin / adj. 真實(shí)的， 真正的， 誠(chéng)懇的
convention？？ / kEn5venFEn / n. 1 大會(huì)；協(xié)定2 習(xí)俗， 慣例
[例] By convention， north is at the top of most maps.
依照慣例，北方位于大多數(shù)地圖的頂端
[派生] conventional / kEn5venFEnl / adj. 慣例的， 常規(guī)的， 習(xí)俗的， 傳統(tǒng)的
underlie / 7QndE5lai vt. 位于……之下， 成為……的基礎(chǔ)
[例] Many factors underlie my decision. 我的決定以眾多因素為基礎(chǔ)
[派生] underlying / 5QndE5laiiN / adj. 在下面的， 根本的， 潛在的， [商]優(yōu)先的
conclusion / kEn5klu：VEn / n. 結(jié)束， 締結(jié)， 結(jié)論
[例] I found the conclusion of her story very exciting.
我覺得她那故事的結(jié)尾很激動(dòng)人心。
[派生] conclude / kEn5klu：d / v. 結(jié)束， 終止， 決定， 作出結(jié)論
vt. 推斷， 斷定， 締結(jié)， 議定
[固定搭配] in conclusion 最后，總之
distinguish / dis5tiN^wiF / v. 區(qū)別， 辨別
[例] They have distinguished themselves as dedicated social workers.
他們作為全心全意的社會(huì)工作者而出人頭地
[同義] define ， detect ， dignify ， see
[派生] distinguished / dis5tiN^wiFt / adj. 卓著的， 的， 高貴的
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1.The State Administration of Radio， Film and Television declined to _________ on the new regulations， saying they were suggested by the equally official China Radio and Television Society， an association of industry workers.
A.coincide B. cling C. comment D. collaborate
2.________ winters can wreck a promising harvest.
A.Warm B. Harsh C. Smooth D. Bizarre
3. During the APCS， Chongqing citizens from all walks of life devote themselves to the smooth holding of APCS， showing their__________ to foreign guests and displaying image of Chonging.
A.hospitality B. hostile C. biasD. hamper
4. And yet， surprisingly， the creative ________ for the latest global movie blockbuster did not spring from this vast and resourceful empire. Instead， it was once again a seemingly homemade product .
A.conservation B. conscience C. consequence D. impulse
5. Names are only_______ things， floats bobbing on the surface of the water， and we share deeper connections than that.
A.superficial B. surface C. definite D. deliberate
6. Scientists have mapped patterns of tiny DNA differences that _________ one person from another， an achievement that will help researchers find genes that promote common illnesses such as heart disease.
A.delayB. distinguish C. deformD. define
7. A _______ leading around a tree and disappearing in the distance beckons to the viewer to come in， look around， and learn something. That makes it a much more enticing photo.
A.guidance B. guarantee C. trailD. model
8. Lady Diana Spencer， Princess of Whales， is remembered and respected by people all over the world more for her beauty， kindness， humanity and ______ activities than for her technical skills.
A. monotony B. motiveC. charitable D. severe
9. Isn't it _______ how one person， sharing one idea， at the right time and place can change the course of your life' s history？
A.amazingB. terrible C. delight D. sad
10. In _______， media should not be seen simply as bad or good because we need to use information properly to the best of our ability.
A.testimony B. declaration C. danger D. conclusion
答案：CBADA BCCAD