一、真題文章（1997年Text 3）
Technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance abuse is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances （drugs） is pervasive： an aspirin to quiet a headache， some wine to be sociable， coffee to get going in the morning， a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses？ First of all， most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance， with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect， and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs （substances） that affect the central nervous system and alter perception， mood， and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants， depressants， or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system， whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception， distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic （from the Greek word meaning "mindmanifesting"） because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
二、譯文
從技術(shù)角度來說，除食品外，任何能改變我們審理和心理機(jī)能的物質(zhì)都是藥物。很多人錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為"藥物"這個(gè)詞僅指某些藥品或是吸毒者服用的違禁化學(xué)品。他們沒有意識(shí)到一些我們所熟悉的物質(zhì)，諸如酒精、煙草也是藥物。這也是為什麼現(xiàn)在許多內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和心理學(xué)家使用物質(zhì)這個(gè)更加中性的詞。許多醫(yī)生和心理學(xué)家常使用 "物質(zhì)濫用"而不是"藥物濫用"這一概念，他們想以此說明：濫用象煙酒這樣的物質(zhì)與濫用海洛因和可卡因一樣有害。
我們居住的社會(huì)里，不論是醫(yī)療還是日常生活中，濫用物質(zhì)（藥物）的現(xiàn)象都十分普通：吃片阿司匹林來緩解頭痛，喝杯酒來促進(jìn)交際，早起喝杯咖啡來打起精神，抽支煙來緩解緊張。使用這些物質(zhì)是被社會(huì)認(rèn)可的，而且明顯對(duì)我們有幫助，怎麼會(huì)成濫用了呢？首先，大部分的物質(zhì)，一旦使用過量，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，比如中毒或?qū)е轮X扭曲。反復(fù)使用一種物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致上癮或?qū)υ撐镔|(zhì)的依賴。這種依賴首先表現(xiàn)為忍耐性增強(qiáng)，要想達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果就需要越來越多的這種物質(zhì)，然后當(dāng)一旦終止使用這種物質(zhì)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)停藥后的不適癥狀。
影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、改變感知、情緒和行為的藥物（物質(zhì)）屬于影響心理狀態(tài)的物質(zhì)，而這種物質(zhì)通常分為興奮劑、鎮(zhèn)靜劑和幻覺劑。興奮劑主要起加速或激活中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的作用，而鎮(zhèn)靜劑則減緩它的活動(dòng)?；糜X劑主要影響人的感知覺，以各種方式（包括產(chǎn)生幻覺）將它扭曲、改變。它們被稱作"引起幻覺的藥物"（這個(gè)詞來自希臘語，意思是"展示思想的"），因?yàn)樗鼈兯坪鯊母旧细淖兞巳说囊庾R(shí)狀態(tài)。
三、考研核心詞匯
substance / 5sQbstEns / n. 1物質(zhì)， 實(shí)質(zhì)2主旨
[例] Salt is a substance we use in cooking.
鹽是我們做菜時(shí)用的東西
[同義] material ， content ，essence， gist， matter ，stuff
[派生] substantial / sEb5stAnFEl / adj. 堅(jiān)固的， 實(shí)質(zhì)的， 真實(shí)的， 充實(shí)的
addict / E5dikt / vt. 使沉溺， 使上癮 n. 入迷的人， 有癮的人
[例] She was addicted to rock music. 她熱衷于搖滾樂
[派生] addicted / E5dIktId / adj. 沉溺于某種嗜好中的
addiction / E5dikFEn / n. 沉溺， 上癮
alcohol / 5AlkEhCl / n. 酒精， 酒
[例] Inexperienced driving ， a night-time social life involving alcohol， and driving too fast， are combining to kill and maim young people .
沒有駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)、晚上社交活動(dòng)喝的酒以及超速駕駛，這些因素結(jié)合起來會(huì)使年輕人在車禍中喪生或殘廢。
[同義] liquid ， spirits
[派生] alcoholic / 7AlkE5hClik / adj. 含酒精的 n. 酗酒者， 酒鬼
neutral / 5nju：trEl / n. 1中立者， 中立國2非彩色3齒輪的空檔 adj. 1 中立的， 中立國的， 中性的2無確定性質(zhì)的， （顏色等）不確定的
[例] She is neutral in this argument； she doesn't care who wins.
在這場(chǎng)辯論中她保持中立，不在乎誰贏誰輸。
[同義] impartial， independent， indifferent ， unprejudiced
[派生] neutralist / `njU：trElIst / n. adj. 中立主義（的）； 中立主義者（的）
abuse / E5bju：z / n. 1濫用2虐待， 辱罵3陋習(xí)， 弊端 v. 1濫用2虐待， 辱罵
[例] A stream of abuse came from his lips. 他說了一些粗話。
[同義] damage ， ill-use， injure， mistreat
[派生] abusive / E5bju：siv / adj. 辱罵的， 濫用的
pervasive / pE：5veisiv / adj. 普遍深入的
[例] the pervasive influence of the television 電視的無所不在的影響
[派生] pervasion / p\：`veIVEn， pE- / n. 擴(kuò)散， 滲透
pervade / pE（：）5veid / v. 遍及
sociable / 5sEuFEbl /adj. 好交際的， 友善的；喜歡群居的
[例] The Smiths are a sociable family.
史密斯一家人很好交際。
[同義] amiable， cordial ，friendly
[派生] sociability / 7sEuFE5biliti / n. 好交際， 社交性， 善于交際
nerve / nE：v / n. 1神經(jīng)2膽量， 勇氣3葉脈 vt . 鼓起勇氣
[例] Banks are the nerves of commerce.
銀行是商業(yè)的中心。
[同義] bravado ，courage， daring， strength
[反義] unnerve / 5Qn5nE：v / vt. 使失去勇氣， 使身心交疲， 使失常
constructive / kEn5strQktiv / adj. 建設(shè)性的
[例] constructive suggestions 建設(shè)性的建議， 積極的建議
[同義] helpful， useful ，worthwhile
[反義] destructive / dis5trQktiv / adj. 破壞（性）的
[派生] construct / kEn5strQkt / vt. 建造， 構(gòu)造， 創(chuàng)立
construction / kEn5strQkFEn / n. 1 建筑， 建筑物2解釋3造句
excess / ik5ses， 5ekses / n. 過度， 無節(jié)制， 超過， 超額 adj. 過度的， 額外的
[例] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.
在飛機(jī)上你得付超重的行李費(fèi)。
[同義] additional ，extra ， surplus
[派生] excessive / ik5sesiv / adj. 過多的， 過分的， 額外
[固定搭配] in excess of 大于；多于
negative / 5ne^Etiv / n. 1否定， 負(fù)數(shù)2底片 adj.否定的， 消極的， 負(fù)的， 陰性的 vt. 否定， 拒絕（接受）
[例] Two negatives make an affirmative. 負(fù)負(fù)得正。
[反義] positive / 5pCzEtiv / adj. 1肯定的， 實(shí)際的2 積極的， 絕對(duì)的， 確實(shí)的 adj. [數(shù)]正的 adj. [電]陽的 adj. [語法] 原級(jí)的
affirmative / E5fE：mEtiv / adj. 肯定的， （對(duì)正式辯論中的問題）表示贊成的， （態(tài)度， 方法等）積極的， 樂觀的， 懷有希望的 n. 肯定語
poison / 5pCizn / n. 1 毒藥2敗壞道德之事3毒害 vt. 1 毒害， 敗壞2使中毒 vi. 放毒， 下毒
[例] Jealousy poisoned their friendship. 嫉妒損害了他們的友誼
[派生] poisonous / 5pCiznEs / adj. 有毒的
poisoning / 5pCizniN / n. 中毒
intense / in5tens / adj. 1強(qiáng)烈的， 劇烈的2熱切的， 熱情的， 激烈的
[例] an intense person 感情豐富的人
[同義] considerable ，drastic， dynamic， extreme ，fierce
[派生] intensify / in5tensifai / vt. 加強(qiáng) vi. 強(qiáng)化
perceptual / pE5septjuEl /adj. 知覺的， 有知覺的
[例] perceptual knowledge
感性認(rèn)識(shí)
[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n. 理解 ，感知， 感覺 ，DPS公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的
dependence / di5pendEns / n. 依靠， 依賴， 信任， 信賴
[例] He is his mother's sole dependence. 他是他母親所能依賴的人。
[反義] independence / 7indi5pendEns / n. 獨(dú)立， 自主
[派生] dependent / di5pendEnt / adj. 依靠的， 依賴的， 由……決定的， 隨……而定的
[固定搭配] in dependence on 依靠， 依賴；place dependence on 信任， 信賴
tolerance / 5tClErEns / n. 1 公差2寬容， 忍受， 容忍， （食物中殘存殺蟲劑的）（法定）容許量 vt. 給（機(jī)器部件等）規(guī)定公差
[例] My tolerance of noise is limited . 我很難忍受吵鬧的聲音。
[反義] intolerance / in5tClErEns / n. （尤指對(duì)別人的意見）不能忍耐， 不容異說， 偏狹， [醫(yī)]（對(duì)食物，藥物等）不耐性
[派生] tolerant / 5tClErEnt / adj. 容忍的， 寬恕的；有耐藥力的
appearance / E5piErEns / n. 1出現(xiàn)， 露面2外貌， 外觀
[例] The author made a rare personal appearance.
這位作者做了一次少有的個(gè)人公開露面
[反義] disappearance / 7disE5piErEns / n. 不見， 消失
[派生] appear / E5piE / vi. 1出現(xiàn)， 看來2似乎， 公開露面3出版， 發(fā)表
symptom / 5simptEm / n. [醫(yī)][植]癥狀， 征兆
[例] Fever is a symptom of many illnesses. 發(fā)燒是許多疾病的癥兆。
[同義] implication， indication， mark， token
[派生] symptomatic / 7simptE5mAtik / adj. 癥狀的， 征候的， 征兆的， 有癥狀的， 表明……的癥候
discontinue / 5diskEn5tinju（：） / v. 1 停止2廢止， 放棄
[例] The bus service is discontinued for the time being because of the building of the subway.
由于建造地鐵那條公共汽車線路暫停營業(yè)。
[反義] continue / kEn5tinju： / v. 繼續(xù)， 連續(xù)， 延伸
[派生] discontinuous / 5diskEn5tinjuEs / adj. 不連續(xù)的， 間斷的， 中斷的
alter / 5C：ltE / v. 改變
[例] These clothes are too large； they must be altered.
這些衣服太大，得修改。
[同義] change， deviate， diversify， modify ，vary
[反義] preserve / pri5zE：v / vt. 保護(hù)， 保持， 保存， 保藏 vi. 1 做蜜餞2禁獵 n. 1 蜜餞， 果醬2禁獵地， 禁區(qū)， 防護(hù)物
[派生] alterable / `R：ltErEbl / adj. 可變的， 可改的
mood / mu：d / n. 心情， 情緒， 語氣， 狀態(tài)
[例] The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.
陽光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。
[同義] disposition ，feeling， humor， nature， phase， temperament
[派生] moody / 5mu：di / adj. 喜怒無常的， 憂悒的
[固定搭配] be in a mood 心情不好， 在生氣；be in no mood for sth.[to do sth.] 不想做某事， 無意做某事；be in the [a] mood for sth. [to do sth.] 想做某事； 有做某事的興致；be in a melting mood 心腸軟化， 易受感動(dòng)
psychoactive / 7saikEu5Aktiv / adj. 作用于精神的，影響（或改變）心理狀態(tài)的
[例] A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function .作用于精神的藥物或物質(zhì)是一種改變大腦功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
[派生] psychoactivity / 9psaIkEJAk`tIvEtI / n. 作用于精神，影響（或改變）心理狀態(tài)
stimulant / 5stimjulEnt / n. 刺激物
[例] Praise is a stimulant. 稱贊是一種激勵(lì)。
[派生] stimulate [ 5stimjuleit ] vt. 刺激， 激勵(lì) v. 刺激， 激勵(lì)
depressant / di5presEnt / adj. 有鎮(zhèn)靜作用的 n. 鎮(zhèn)靜劑
[例] In many cases， the effects of one depressant are intensified if another depressant is taken at the same .
很多情況下，當(dāng)一種鎮(zhèn)靜劑和另一種鎮(zhèn)靜劑同時(shí)使用時(shí)，它的藥效會(huì)強(qiáng)一些。
hallucinogen / hElu：5sinEdVEn / n. 迷幻劑
[例] A hallucinogen is a substance that produces psychological effects that are normally associated only with dreams， schizophrenia， or religious exaltation.
迷幻劑是一種能讓人在心理上只產(chǎn)生和夢(mèng)境、精神分裂及宗教狂熱相關(guān)情緒的物質(zhì)。
radically / `rAdIkElI / adv. 根本上， 以激進(jìn)的方式
[例] Unless things change radically ， he will not be admitted by our company .
除非事情發(fā)生根本上的變化，否則我們公司不會(huì)錄用他的。
[派生] radical / 5rAdikEl / adj. 根本的， 基本的， 激進(jìn)的 n. 激進(jìn)分子
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. Television the most __________and persuasive of modern technologies， marked by rapid change and growth， is moving into a new era， an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility， which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
A. pervasive B. potential C. pressed D. proved
2. As a non-permanent member， Germany has earned a reputation as a ________ and reliable partner. What's more， Germany is the third largest contributor to the UN budget.
A. destructive B. real C. constructive D. deceived
3.Furthermore， people who _________to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result， it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.
A. used B. addict C. object D. oppose
4. No invention has received more praise and ___________ than Internet.
A. assessment B. astonishing C. complement D. abuse
5.At the same time， young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills， which may help them greatly to reduce __________on their parents.
A. generation B. declination C. dependence D. intention
6. Britney Spears and her husband， Kevin Federline ， recently made their first public ____________ since the infant was born， but there have been no clear images of the baby until now.
A. appearance B. disappearC. identification D. execution
7. For more than a decade， the tenured Lehigh University biochemistry professor and author has been one of the nation's leading proponents of intelligent design， a movement trying to ____ how Darwin's theory of evolution is taught in school.
A. expertise B. alterC. believe D. expire
8. I did admit that those days were a tough time for me and Simon due to my unpredictable blue _________ .
A. descendant B. denial C. mood D. deposition
9.We sneeze to clear our breathing passages. We all have a natural reflex to sneeze whenever a small foreign_________ enters our airways .
A. substance B. contradiction C. contractD. descendant
10. An ________supply of money could result because of a decline in the demand for money.
A. fatigue B. gamble C. harmony D. excess
答案：ACBDC ABCAD
Technically， any substance other than food that alters our bodily or mental functioning is a drug. Many people mistakenly believe the term drug refers only to some sort of medicine or an illegal chemical taken by drug addicts. They don't realize that familiar substances such as alcohol and tobacco are also drugs. This is why the more neutral term substance abuse is now used by many physicians and psychologists. The phrase drug abuse to make clear that substances such as alcohol and tobacco can be just as harmfully misused as heroin and cocaine.
We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances （drugs） is pervasive： an aspirin to quiet a headache， some wine to be sociable， coffee to get going in the morning， a cigarette for the nerves. When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses？ First of all， most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance， with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect， and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Drugs （substances） that affect the central nervous system and alter perception， mood， and behavior are known as psychoactive substances. Psychoactive substances are commonly grouped according to whether they are stimulants， depressants， or hallucinogens. Stimulants initially speed up or activate the central nervous system， whereas depressants slow it down. Hallucinogens have their primary effect on perception， distorting and altering it in a variety of ways including producing hallucinations. These are the substances often called psychedelic （from the Greek word meaning "mindmanifesting"） because they seemed to radically alter one's state of consciousness.
二、譯文
從技術(shù)角度來說，除食品外，任何能改變我們審理和心理機(jī)能的物質(zhì)都是藥物。很多人錯(cuò)誤的認(rèn)為"藥物"這個(gè)詞僅指某些藥品或是吸毒者服用的違禁化學(xué)品。他們沒有意識(shí)到一些我們所熟悉的物質(zhì)，諸如酒精、煙草也是藥物。這也是為什麼現(xiàn)在許多內(nèi)科醫(yī)生和心理學(xué)家使用物質(zhì)這個(gè)更加中性的詞。許多醫(yī)生和心理學(xué)家常使用 "物質(zhì)濫用"而不是"藥物濫用"這一概念，他們想以此說明：濫用象煙酒這樣的物質(zhì)與濫用海洛因和可卡因一樣有害。
我們居住的社會(huì)里，不論是醫(yī)療還是日常生活中，濫用物質(zhì)（藥物）的現(xiàn)象都十分普通：吃片阿司匹林來緩解頭痛，喝杯酒來促進(jìn)交際，早起喝杯咖啡來打起精神，抽支煙來緩解緊張。使用這些物質(zhì)是被社會(huì)認(rèn)可的，而且明顯對(duì)我們有幫助，怎麼會(huì)成濫用了呢？首先，大部分的物質(zhì)，一旦使用過量，就會(huì)產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響，比如中毒或?qū)е轮X扭曲。反復(fù)使用一種物質(zhì)會(huì)導(dǎo)致上癮或?qū)υ撐镔|(zhì)的依賴。這種依賴首先表現(xiàn)為忍耐性增強(qiáng)，要想達(dá)到預(yù)期的效果就需要越來越多的這種物質(zhì)，然后當(dāng)一旦終止使用這種物質(zhì)，就會(huì)出現(xiàn)停藥后的不適癥狀。
影響中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)、改變感知、情緒和行為的藥物（物質(zhì)）屬于影響心理狀態(tài)的物質(zhì)，而這種物質(zhì)通常分為興奮劑、鎮(zhèn)靜劑和幻覺劑。興奮劑主要起加速或激活中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)的作用，而鎮(zhèn)靜劑則減緩它的活動(dòng)?；糜X劑主要影響人的感知覺，以各種方式（包括產(chǎn)生幻覺）將它扭曲、改變。它們被稱作"引起幻覺的藥物"（這個(gè)詞來自希臘語，意思是"展示思想的"），因?yàn)樗鼈兯坪鯊母旧细淖兞巳说囊庾R(shí)狀態(tài)。
三、考研核心詞匯
substance / 5sQbstEns / n. 1物質(zhì)， 實(shí)質(zhì)2主旨
[例] Salt is a substance we use in cooking.
鹽是我們做菜時(shí)用的東西
[同義] material ， content ，essence， gist， matter ，stuff
[派生] substantial / sEb5stAnFEl / adj. 堅(jiān)固的， 實(shí)質(zhì)的， 真實(shí)的， 充實(shí)的
addict / E5dikt / vt. 使沉溺， 使上癮 n. 入迷的人， 有癮的人
[例] She was addicted to rock music. 她熱衷于搖滾樂
[派生] addicted / E5dIktId / adj. 沉溺于某種嗜好中的
addiction / E5dikFEn / n. 沉溺， 上癮
alcohol / 5AlkEhCl / n. 酒精， 酒
[例] Inexperienced driving ， a night-time social life involving alcohol， and driving too fast， are combining to kill and maim young people .
沒有駕駛經(jīng)驗(yàn)、晚上社交活動(dòng)喝的酒以及超速駕駛，這些因素結(jié)合起來會(huì)使年輕人在車禍中喪生或殘廢。
[同義] liquid ， spirits
[派生] alcoholic / 7AlkE5hClik / adj. 含酒精的 n. 酗酒者， 酒鬼
neutral / 5nju：trEl / n. 1中立者， 中立國2非彩色3齒輪的空檔 adj. 1 中立的， 中立國的， 中性的2無確定性質(zhì)的， （顏色等）不確定的
[例] She is neutral in this argument； she doesn't care who wins.
在這場(chǎng)辯論中她保持中立，不在乎誰贏誰輸。
[同義] impartial， independent， indifferent ， unprejudiced
[派生] neutralist / `njU：trElIst / n. adj. 中立主義（的）； 中立主義者（的）
abuse / E5bju：z / n. 1濫用2虐待， 辱罵3陋習(xí)， 弊端 v. 1濫用2虐待， 辱罵
[例] A stream of abuse came from his lips. 他說了一些粗話。
[同義] damage ， ill-use， injure， mistreat
[派生] abusive / E5bju：siv / adj. 辱罵的， 濫用的
pervasive / pE：5veisiv / adj. 普遍深入的
[例] the pervasive influence of the television 電視的無所不在的影響
[派生] pervasion / p\：`veIVEn， pE- / n. 擴(kuò)散， 滲透
pervade / pE（：）5veid / v. 遍及
sociable / 5sEuFEbl /adj. 好交際的， 友善的；喜歡群居的
[例] The Smiths are a sociable family.
史密斯一家人很好交際。
[同義] amiable， cordial ，friendly
[派生] sociability / 7sEuFE5biliti / n. 好交際， 社交性， 善于交際
nerve / nE：v / n. 1神經(jīng)2膽量， 勇氣3葉脈 vt . 鼓起勇氣
[例] Banks are the nerves of commerce.
銀行是商業(yè)的中心。
[同義] bravado ，courage， daring， strength
[反義] unnerve / 5Qn5nE：v / vt. 使失去勇氣， 使身心交疲， 使失常
constructive / kEn5strQktiv / adj. 建設(shè)性的
[例] constructive suggestions 建設(shè)性的建議， 積極的建議
[同義] helpful， useful ，worthwhile
[反義] destructive / dis5trQktiv / adj. 破壞（性）的
[派生] construct / kEn5strQkt / vt. 建造， 構(gòu)造， 創(chuàng)立
construction / kEn5strQkFEn / n. 1 建筑， 建筑物2解釋3造句
excess / ik5ses， 5ekses / n. 過度， 無節(jié)制， 超過， 超額 adj. 過度的， 額外的
[例] You have to pay for excess luggage on a plane.
在飛機(jī)上你得付超重的行李費(fèi)。
[同義] additional ，extra ， surplus
[派生] excessive / ik5sesiv / adj. 過多的， 過分的， 額外
[固定搭配] in excess of 大于；多于
negative / 5ne^Etiv / n. 1否定， 負(fù)數(shù)2底片 adj.否定的， 消極的， 負(fù)的， 陰性的 vt. 否定， 拒絕（接受）
[例] Two negatives make an affirmative. 負(fù)負(fù)得正。
[反義] positive / 5pCzEtiv / adj. 1肯定的， 實(shí)際的2 積極的， 絕對(duì)的， 確實(shí)的 adj. [數(shù)]正的 adj. [電]陽的 adj. [語法] 原級(jí)的
affirmative / E5fE：mEtiv / adj. 肯定的， （對(duì)正式辯論中的問題）表示贊成的， （態(tài)度， 方法等）積極的， 樂觀的， 懷有希望的 n. 肯定語
poison / 5pCizn / n. 1 毒藥2敗壞道德之事3毒害 vt. 1 毒害， 敗壞2使中毒 vi. 放毒， 下毒
[例] Jealousy poisoned their friendship. 嫉妒損害了他們的友誼
[派生] poisonous / 5pCiznEs / adj. 有毒的
poisoning / 5pCizniN / n. 中毒
intense / in5tens / adj. 1強(qiáng)烈的， 劇烈的2熱切的， 熱情的， 激烈的
[例] an intense person 感情豐富的人
[同義] considerable ，drastic， dynamic， extreme ，fierce
[派生] intensify / in5tensifai / vt. 加強(qiáng) vi. 強(qiáng)化
perceptual / pE5septjuEl /adj. 知覺的， 有知覺的
[例] perceptual knowledge
感性認(rèn)識(shí)
[派生] perception / pE5sepFEn / n. 理解 ，感知， 感覺 ，DPS公司出的數(shù)字影像壓縮卡
perceptive / pE5septiv / adj. 有理解的
dependence / di5pendEns / n. 依靠， 依賴， 信任， 信賴
[例] He is his mother's sole dependence. 他是他母親所能依賴的人。
[反義] independence / 7indi5pendEns / n. 獨(dú)立， 自主
[派生] dependent / di5pendEnt / adj. 依靠的， 依賴的， 由……決定的， 隨……而定的
[固定搭配] in dependence on 依靠， 依賴；place dependence on 信任， 信賴
tolerance / 5tClErEns / n. 1 公差2寬容， 忍受， 容忍， （食物中殘存殺蟲劑的）（法定）容許量 vt. 給（機(jī)器部件等）規(guī)定公差
[例] My tolerance of noise is limited . 我很難忍受吵鬧的聲音。
[反義] intolerance / in5tClErEns / n. （尤指對(duì)別人的意見）不能忍耐， 不容異說， 偏狹， [醫(yī)]（對(duì)食物，藥物等）不耐性
[派生] tolerant / 5tClErEnt / adj. 容忍的， 寬恕的；有耐藥力的
appearance / E5piErEns / n. 1出現(xiàn)， 露面2外貌， 外觀
[例] The author made a rare personal appearance.
這位作者做了一次少有的個(gè)人公開露面
[反義] disappearance / 7disE5piErEns / n. 不見， 消失
[派生] appear / E5piE / vi. 1出現(xiàn)， 看來2似乎， 公開露面3出版， 發(fā)表
symptom / 5simptEm / n. [醫(yī)][植]癥狀， 征兆
[例] Fever is a symptom of many illnesses. 發(fā)燒是許多疾病的癥兆。
[同義] implication， indication， mark， token
[派生] symptomatic / 7simptE5mAtik / adj. 癥狀的， 征候的， 征兆的， 有癥狀的， 表明……的癥候
discontinue / 5diskEn5tinju（：） / v. 1 停止2廢止， 放棄
[例] The bus service is discontinued for the time being because of the building of the subway.
由于建造地鐵那條公共汽車線路暫停營業(yè)。
[反義] continue / kEn5tinju： / v. 繼續(xù)， 連續(xù)， 延伸
[派生] discontinuous / 5diskEn5tinjuEs / adj. 不連續(xù)的， 間斷的， 中斷的
alter / 5C：ltE / v. 改變
[例] These clothes are too large； they must be altered.
這些衣服太大，得修改。
[同義] change， deviate， diversify， modify ，vary
[反義] preserve / pri5zE：v / vt. 保護(hù)， 保持， 保存， 保藏 vi. 1 做蜜餞2禁獵 n. 1 蜜餞， 果醬2禁獵地， 禁區(qū)， 防護(hù)物
[派生] alterable / `R：ltErEbl / adj. 可變的， 可改的
mood / mu：d / n. 心情， 情緒， 語氣， 狀態(tài)
[例] The beautiful sunny morning put me in a happy mood.
陽光明媚的早晨使我心情愉快。
[同義] disposition ，feeling， humor， nature， phase， temperament
[派生] moody / 5mu：di / adj. 喜怒無常的， 憂悒的
[固定搭配] be in a mood 心情不好， 在生氣；be in no mood for sth.[to do sth.] 不想做某事， 無意做某事；be in the [a] mood for sth. [to do sth.] 想做某事； 有做某事的興致；be in a melting mood 心腸軟化， 易受感動(dòng)
psychoactive / 7saikEu5Aktiv / adj. 作用于精神的，影響（或改變）心理狀態(tài)的
[例] A psychoactive drug or psychotropic substance is a chemical that alters brain function .作用于精神的藥物或物質(zhì)是一種改變大腦功能的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。
[派生] psychoactivity / 9psaIkEJAk`tIvEtI / n. 作用于精神，影響（或改變）心理狀態(tài)
stimulant / 5stimjulEnt / n. 刺激物
[例] Praise is a stimulant. 稱贊是一種激勵(lì)。
[派生] stimulate [ 5stimjuleit ] vt. 刺激， 激勵(lì) v. 刺激， 激勵(lì)
depressant / di5presEnt / adj. 有鎮(zhèn)靜作用的 n. 鎮(zhèn)靜劑
[例] In many cases， the effects of one depressant are intensified if another depressant is taken at the same .
很多情況下，當(dāng)一種鎮(zhèn)靜劑和另一種鎮(zhèn)靜劑同時(shí)使用時(shí)，它的藥效會(huì)強(qiáng)一些。
hallucinogen / hElu：5sinEdVEn / n. 迷幻劑
[例] A hallucinogen is a substance that produces psychological effects that are normally associated only with dreams， schizophrenia， or religious exaltation.
迷幻劑是一種能讓人在心理上只產(chǎn)生和夢(mèng)境、精神分裂及宗教狂熱相關(guān)情緒的物質(zhì)。
radically / `rAdIkElI / adv. 根本上， 以激進(jìn)的方式
[例] Unless things change radically ， he will not be admitted by our company .
除非事情發(fā)生根本上的變化，否則我們公司不會(huì)錄用他的。
[派生] radical / 5rAdikEl / adj. 根本的， 基本的， 激進(jìn)的 n. 激進(jìn)分子
四、強(qiáng)化練習(xí)
1. Television the most __________and persuasive of modern technologies， marked by rapid change and growth， is moving into a new era， an era of extraordinary sophistication and versatility， which promises to reshape our lives and our world.
A. pervasive B. potential C. pressed D. proved
2. As a non-permanent member， Germany has earned a reputation as a ________ and reliable partner. What's more， Germany is the third largest contributor to the UN budget.
A. destructive B. real C. constructive D. deceived
3.Furthermore， people who _________to fashion clothes have to spend more time going shopping and pay more attention to the impression they make on others. As a result， it is impossible to devote enough time and energy in their study and job.
A. used B. addict C. object D. oppose
4. No invention has received more praise and ___________ than Internet.
A. assessment B. astonishing C. complement D. abuse
5.At the same time， young people should be encouraged to communicate with their peers and develop their interpersonal skills， which may help them greatly to reduce __________on their parents.
A. generation B. declination C. dependence D. intention
6. Britney Spears and her husband， Kevin Federline ， recently made their first public ____________ since the infant was born， but there have been no clear images of the baby until now.
A. appearance B. disappearC. identification D. execution
7. For more than a decade， the tenured Lehigh University biochemistry professor and author has been one of the nation's leading proponents of intelligent design， a movement trying to ____ how Darwin's theory of evolution is taught in school.
A. expertise B. alterC. believe D. expire
8. I did admit that those days were a tough time for me and Simon due to my unpredictable blue _________ .
A. descendant B. denial C. mood D. deposition
9.We sneeze to clear our breathing passages. We all have a natural reflex to sneeze whenever a small foreign_________ enters our airways .
A. substance B. contradiction C. contractD. descendant
10. An ________supply of money could result because of a decline in the demand for money.
A. fatigue B. gamble C. harmony D. excess
答案：ACBDC ABCAD