3)選項(xiàng)為異形異義詞
此類考題在詞匯中占的比例。其目的是測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語詞匯的認(rèn)知及運(yùn)用能力。其特點(diǎn)是:選項(xiàng)中的詞或短語的詞類相同但形和義完全不同。解題思路為;(1)通讀并讀懂題句;(2)找出正確的解題信息; (3)辨析詞義; (4)將欲選之詞試填人題句,看其是否能“best completes the sentence.”
例1: In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is ___.
A. shrinking B. obscuring C. altering D. constraining (1999年1月考題)
答案A.本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.shrink:(cause to) become smaller(不及物)
此詞用法:它既可指某種材料在特定環(huán)境或條件下體積或尺寸的“收縮”,也可指量的減少,如,……的數(shù)量;……的預(yù)算;……的費(fèi)用等。B.obscure:hide;make“difficult to understand(及物)遮蔽;使蒙朧。C.alter:(cause to)become different(及物)使變更;使改變。 (不及物)變更;改變。D.constrain:make someone to do something by force強(qiáng)迫;強(qiáng)制;束縛。根據(jù)本題的解題信息:then umber of ,選項(xiàng)A符合題意,故可確定為本題正確答案。
例2. I think that I committed a ___ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.
A. blunder B. revenge C. reproach D. scandal (1999年1月考題)
答案A.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.blunder:a very stupid or unnecessary mintage
(可數(shù))不智之舉;愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤;不該錯(cuò)而錯(cuò),用法:make/commit a blunder.B.revenge:(不可數(shù))報(bào)仇,用法:take/8et/exact(one's)revenge on someone for…;in revengefor.。d C.reproach:criticize(someone),esp.for not being successful or not doing what is expected批評(píng);責(zé)備;譴責(zé),用法:reproach someone with/for.D.scandal:action or event that causes a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval恥辱;丑聞;丑事;引起憤慨或反感之事。根據(jù)本題解題信息:I committed… 用詞的用法,我們可以確定A為本題正確答案。
例3: His ___ directions confused us, we did not know which of the two roads to take.
A. ambiguous B. complicated C. arbitrary D. intricate (1999年6月考試)
答案A.本題測(cè)試形容詞詞義辨析。A.ambiguous:having or expressing more thanone possible meaning,sometimes intentionally意思表達(dá)含糊不清的,模棱兩可的,有時(shí)故意的,常與deliberately,somewhat等連用。此詞在四、六級(jí)考試中曾多次出現(xiàn),望能引起考生的注意。B.complicated:having many different parts or features that make it difficult to understand or deal with指因組成部分太多且各異而復(fù)雜;費(fèi)解;棘手,常用來修飾人物的關(guān)系、機(jī)器、法規(guī)、表格、程序和問題等。C.arbitrary: (指人)專橫的;武斷的;專制的;任意的。D.intricate:be made of a complicated series of small parts or details 指因組成部分精細(xì)而復(fù)雜且難易解決,同義詞為complex.
例4: Parents often faced the ___ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A. junction B. paradox C. premise D. dilemma (2000年1月考題)
答案D.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.junction:聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn); (道路等的)會(huì)合點(diǎn);樞紐。B.paradox:a situation,fact or statement which seems impossible and/or difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics矛盾的情形,事情或說法。C.premise:(單數(shù))前提;假設(shè)。D.dilemma:difficult choice to be made between 2 coursesaction,both undesirable(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境;困境,用法:be in a dilemma about.……;be caught in/facing the dilemma Of doing something;be faced/confronted with moral/ethical dilemma“whether to do something;resolve the.……dilemma of whether.……根據(jù)解題信息faced the .……及詞的用法,我們可以確定選項(xiàng)D為本題正確答案。
例5: The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ___ details that would be settled later.
A. alternate B. trivial C. versatile D. preliminary (2000年1月考題)
4)選項(xiàng)為成語或短語及詞語固定搭配
成語或短語是大綱所要求掌握并考查的,考生在復(fù)習(xí)階段仍不可掉以輕心。
成語或短語的構(gòu)成有以下幾種: (1)動(dòng)詞短語:動(dòng)+介/副/名;動(dòng)+副+介;動(dòng)+名+介。
(2)介詞短語:名+介;介+名;形+介;介+名+介;副+介+名;名+介+名等。成語或短語的意思往往離字面的意思較遠(yuǎn),我們決不能根據(jù)其中一詞而猜整個(gè)短語的意思,要經(jīng)常分析,經(jīng)常去記憶短語自身的含義并經(jīng)常使用,才能在應(yīng)試時(shí)準(zhǔn)確無誤,道正認(rèn)為這一方面是關(guān)鍵所在。
一般來說,我國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語都是支離破碎的,一個(gè)個(gè)單詞逐一記誦,很少注意該詞(尤其動(dòng)詞)的正確用法,而且忽略詞語搭配的重要性。
所謂詞語搭配是指詞與詞間的連用關(guān)系,包括動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用,如raise a question;名詞與介詞的連用,如acheckfor$800;形容詞與名詞的連用,如heavy snow;動(dòng)詞與副詞的連用,副詞與形容詞的連用等等。其中動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用最為復(fù)雜而且困難,如前面提到的“提出問題raise a question''中的”raise“不一定,甚至不可以與”申請(qǐng)application、*protest、警告warning''等詞搭配使用。 “提出申請(qǐng)”應(yīng)為“file an application''; ”提出*“應(yīng)為”raise(1odge)a protest'':“提出警告”應(yīng)為“give(serve)a warning”。
我國學(xué)生作文中常犯的錯(cuò)誤,或是句子不夠idiomatic,或是忽略了詞語搭配的正確用法所致??忌诹?jí)考試中考出好成績(jī),須在考前潛心研究或短語或詞語固定搭配,多做練習(xí),以掌握更多的詞匯。
例1: The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ___ into fragments.
A. broke away B. broke off C. broke up D. broke through (2000年1月考題)
答案C. 本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即(同一)動(dòng)詞+(不同)副詞+(同一)介詞的詞義辨析。 A. break away: 突然離開;強(qiáng)行逃脫。B. break off: 中斷;突然停止。C. break up:打碎;粉碎。D.breakthrough:突圍;沖破。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
例2: The detective and his assistant have begun to ___ the mysterious murder.
A. look into B. see to C. make over D. come through (2000年1月考題)
答案A.本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即動(dòng)詞+介詞的詞義辨析。A.100kinto:調(diào)查;觀察。B.see to:注意;照料。C.makeover:(此為超綱詞)更改;(法律上)轉(zhuǎn)讓。D.come through:經(jīng)歷……仍活著;安然度過。A符合題意,故為正確答案。
例3: The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ___ his financial situation.
A. with respect to B. in accord with C. regardless of D. in terms of (1999年1月考題)
答案C.本題為介詞短語詞義辨析。A.with respect to:關(guān)于;至于。B.in accord with:與……一致;與……相符合。C.regardless Of:不顧;不惜。D.in terms Of:用……的話;按照,從……方面來說。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
例4: When he tried to make a ___ , he found that the hotel was completely filled with because of a convention.
A. reservation B. chaim C. mess D. revision (1998年6月考題)
答案A.(本題分別在1998年6月和1999年1月考過兩次)本題為動(dòng)詞十名詞固定搭配詞義辨析。A.reservation: ' (美)booking訂位,用法:make a reservation for.'.。;confirm a reservation;cancel a reservation.B.claim:要求;權(quán)利;聲明等,用 法:consider one's claim;have a claim to something;make wild claims about doing some.thing;make no claim to be something.C.mess:凌亂狀態(tài),臟亂狀態(tài);混合的局面;困境,用法: make a mess;clear up a mess;be a mess of something;be in a mess;get oneself into a mess;sort out the mess;make a mess of something.D.revision: 修訂; 修改; 休整;修訂本;修訂版;復(fù)習(xí);溫習(xí),用法:do revision;do no revision.通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:雖然A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與動(dòng)詞make搭配使用,但只有A符合題意,故A為本題正確答案。
例5: If you want to set up a company, you must ___ with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A. comply B. adhere C. confirm D. accord (19999年6月考題)
答案A.本題為詞語固定搭配詞義辨析。A.comply(with):遵從;依從;服從。
B.adhere(to):黏附;附著。C.confirm:為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能與with連用。D.accord(with):相符合;相一致;相和諧。通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:A與D均可與with連用,但D與題意不符,故A為本題正確答案。
此類考題在詞匯中占的比例。其目的是測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語詞匯的認(rèn)知及運(yùn)用能力。其特點(diǎn)是:選項(xiàng)中的詞或短語的詞類相同但形和義完全不同。解題思路為;(1)通讀并讀懂題句;(2)找出正確的解題信息; (3)辨析詞義; (4)將欲選之詞試填人題句,看其是否能“best completes the sentence.”
例1: In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is ___.
A. shrinking B. obscuring C. altering D. constraining (1999年1月考題)
答案A.本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.shrink:(cause to) become smaller(不及物)
此詞用法:它既可指某種材料在特定環(huán)境或條件下體積或尺寸的“收縮”,也可指量的減少,如,……的數(shù)量;……的預(yù)算;……的費(fèi)用等。B.obscure:hide;make“difficult to understand(及物)遮蔽;使蒙朧。C.alter:(cause to)become different(及物)使變更;使改變。 (不及物)變更;改變。D.constrain:make someone to do something by force強(qiáng)迫;強(qiáng)制;束縛。根據(jù)本題的解題信息:then umber of ,選項(xiàng)A符合題意,故可確定為本題正確答案。
例2. I think that I committed a ___ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.
A. blunder B. revenge C. reproach D. scandal (1999年1月考題)
答案A.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.blunder:a very stupid or unnecessary mintage
(可數(shù))不智之舉;愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤;不該錯(cuò)而錯(cuò),用法:make/commit a blunder.B.revenge:(不可數(shù))報(bào)仇,用法:take/8et/exact(one's)revenge on someone for…;in revengefor.。d C.reproach:criticize(someone),esp.for not being successful or not doing what is expected批評(píng);責(zé)備;譴責(zé),用法:reproach someone with/for.D.scandal:action or event that causes a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval恥辱;丑聞;丑事;引起憤慨或反感之事。根據(jù)本題解題信息:I committed… 用詞的用法,我們可以確定A為本題正確答案。
例3: His ___ directions confused us, we did not know which of the two roads to take.
A. ambiguous B. complicated C. arbitrary D. intricate (1999年6月考試)
答案A.本題測(cè)試形容詞詞義辨析。A.ambiguous:having or expressing more thanone possible meaning,sometimes intentionally意思表達(dá)含糊不清的,模棱兩可的,有時(shí)故意的,常與deliberately,somewhat等連用。此詞在四、六級(jí)考試中曾多次出現(xiàn),望能引起考生的注意。B.complicated:having many different parts or features that make it difficult to understand or deal with指因組成部分太多且各異而復(fù)雜;費(fèi)解;棘手,常用來修飾人物的關(guān)系、機(jī)器、法規(guī)、表格、程序和問題等。C.arbitrary: (指人)專橫的;武斷的;專制的;任意的。D.intricate:be made of a complicated series of small parts or details 指因組成部分精細(xì)而復(fù)雜且難易解決,同義詞為complex.
例4: Parents often faced the ___ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
A. junction B. paradox C. premise D. dilemma (2000年1月考題)
答案D.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.junction:聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn); (道路等的)會(huì)合點(diǎn);樞紐。B.paradox:a situation,fact or statement which seems impossible and/or difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics矛盾的情形,事情或說法。C.premise:(單數(shù))前提;假設(shè)。D.dilemma:difficult choice to be made between 2 coursesaction,both undesirable(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境;困境,用法:be in a dilemma about.……;be caught in/facing the dilemma Of doing something;be faced/confronted with moral/ethical dilemma“whether to do something;resolve the.……dilemma of whether.……根據(jù)解題信息faced the .……及詞的用法,我們可以確定選項(xiàng)D為本題正確答案。
例5: The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ___ details that would be settled later.
A. alternate B. trivial C. versatile D. preliminary (2000年1月考題)
4)選項(xiàng)為成語或短語及詞語固定搭配
成語或短語是大綱所要求掌握并考查的,考生在復(fù)習(xí)階段仍不可掉以輕心。
成語或短語的構(gòu)成有以下幾種: (1)動(dòng)詞短語:動(dòng)+介/副/名;動(dòng)+副+介;動(dòng)+名+介。
(2)介詞短語:名+介;介+名;形+介;介+名+介;副+介+名;名+介+名等。成語或短語的意思往往離字面的意思較遠(yuǎn),我們決不能根據(jù)其中一詞而猜整個(gè)短語的意思,要經(jīng)常分析,經(jīng)常去記憶短語自身的含義并經(jīng)常使用,才能在應(yīng)試時(shí)準(zhǔn)確無誤,道正認(rèn)為這一方面是關(guān)鍵所在。
一般來說,我國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語都是支離破碎的,一個(gè)個(gè)單詞逐一記誦,很少注意該詞(尤其動(dòng)詞)的正確用法,而且忽略詞語搭配的重要性。
所謂詞語搭配是指詞與詞間的連用關(guān)系,包括動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用,如raise a question;名詞與介詞的連用,如acheckfor$800;形容詞與名詞的連用,如heavy snow;動(dòng)詞與副詞的連用,副詞與形容詞的連用等等。其中動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用最為復(fù)雜而且困難,如前面提到的“提出問題raise a question''中的”raise“不一定,甚至不可以與”申請(qǐng)application、*protest、警告warning''等詞搭配使用。 “提出申請(qǐng)”應(yīng)為“file an application''; ”提出*“應(yīng)為”raise(1odge)a protest'':“提出警告”應(yīng)為“give(serve)a warning”。
我國學(xué)生作文中常犯的錯(cuò)誤,或是句子不夠idiomatic,或是忽略了詞語搭配的正確用法所致??忌诹?jí)考試中考出好成績(jī),須在考前潛心研究或短語或詞語固定搭配,多做練習(xí),以掌握更多的詞匯。
例1: The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ___ into fragments.
A. broke away B. broke off C. broke up D. broke through (2000年1月考題)
答案C. 本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即(同一)動(dòng)詞+(不同)副詞+(同一)介詞的詞義辨析。 A. break away: 突然離開;強(qiáng)行逃脫。B. break off: 中斷;突然停止。C. break up:打碎;粉碎。D.breakthrough:突圍;沖破。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
例2: The detective and his assistant have begun to ___ the mysterious murder.
A. look into B. see to C. make over D. come through (2000年1月考題)
答案A.本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即動(dòng)詞+介詞的詞義辨析。A.100kinto:調(diào)查;觀察。B.see to:注意;照料。C.makeover:(此為超綱詞)更改;(法律上)轉(zhuǎn)讓。D.come through:經(jīng)歷……仍活著;安然度過。A符合題意,故為正確答案。
例3: The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ___ his financial situation.
A. with respect to B. in accord with C. regardless of D. in terms of (1999年1月考題)
答案C.本題為介詞短語詞義辨析。A.with respect to:關(guān)于;至于。B.in accord with:與……一致;與……相符合。C.regardless Of:不顧;不惜。D.in terms Of:用……的話;按照,從……方面來說。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
例4: When he tried to make a ___ , he found that the hotel was completely filled with because of a convention.
A. reservation B. chaim C. mess D. revision (1998年6月考題)
答案A.(本題分別在1998年6月和1999年1月考過兩次)本題為動(dòng)詞十名詞固定搭配詞義辨析。A.reservation: ' (美)booking訂位,用法:make a reservation for.'.。;confirm a reservation;cancel a reservation.B.claim:要求;權(quán)利;聲明等,用 法:consider one's claim;have a claim to something;make wild claims about doing some.thing;make no claim to be something.C.mess:凌亂狀態(tài),臟亂狀態(tài);混合的局面;困境,用法: make a mess;clear up a mess;be a mess of something;be in a mess;get oneself into a mess;sort out the mess;make a mess of something.D.revision: 修訂; 修改; 休整;修訂本;修訂版;復(fù)習(xí);溫習(xí),用法:do revision;do no revision.通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:雖然A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與動(dòng)詞make搭配使用,但只有A符合題意,故A為本題正確答案。
例5: If you want to set up a company, you must ___ with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
A. comply B. adhere C. confirm D. accord (19999年6月考題)
答案A.本題為詞語固定搭配詞義辨析。A.comply(with):遵從;依從;服從。
B.adhere(to):黏附;附著。C.confirm:為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能與with連用。D.accord(with):相符合;相一致;相和諧。通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:A與D均可與with連用,但D與題意不符,故A為本題正確答案。