大學(xué)6級(jí)詞匯總套理2

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3)選項(xiàng)為異形異義詞
    此類考題在詞匯中占的比例。其目的是測(cè)試考生對(duì)英語詞匯的認(rèn)知及運(yùn)用能力。其特點(diǎn)是:選項(xiàng)中的詞或短語的詞類相同但形和義完全不同。解題思路為;(1)通讀并讀懂題句;(2)找出正確的解題信息; (3)辨析詞義; (4)將欲選之詞試填人題句,看其是否能“best completes the sentence.”
    例1: In our highly technological society, the number of jobs for unskilled workers is ___.
    A. shrinking B. obscuring C. altering D. constraining (1999年1月考題)
    答案A.本題測(cè)試動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A.shrink:(cause to) become smaller(不及物)
    此詞用法:它既可指某種材料在特定環(huán)境或條件下體積或尺寸的“收縮”,也可指量的減少,如,……的數(shù)量;……的預(yù)算;……的費(fèi)用等。B.obscure:hide;make“difficult to understand(及物)遮蔽;使蒙朧。C.alter:(cause to)become different(及物)使變更;使改變。 (不及物)變更;改變。D.constrain:make someone to do something by force強(qiáng)迫;強(qiáng)制;束縛。根據(jù)本題的解題信息:then umber of ,選項(xiàng)A符合題意,故可確定為本題正確答案。
    例2. I think that I committed a ___ in asking her because she seemed very upset by my question.
    A. blunder B. revenge C. reproach D. scandal (1999年1月考題)
    答案A.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.blunder:a very stupid or unnecessary mintage
    (可數(shù))不智之舉;愚蠢的錯(cuò)誤;不該錯(cuò)而錯(cuò),用法:make/commit a blunder.B.revenge:(不可數(shù))報(bào)仇,用法:take/8et/exact(one's)revenge on someone for…;in revengefor.。d C.reproach:criticize(someone),esp.for not being successful or not doing what is expected批評(píng);責(zé)備;譴責(zé),用法:reproach someone with/for.D.scandal:action or event that causes a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval恥辱;丑聞;丑事;引起憤慨或反感之事。根據(jù)本題解題信息:I committed… 用詞的用法,我們可以確定A為本題正確答案。
    例3: His ___ directions confused us, we did not know which of the two roads to take.
    A. ambiguous B. complicated C. arbitrary D. intricate (1999年6月考試)
    答案A.本題測(cè)試形容詞詞義辨析。A.ambiguous:having or expressing more thanone possible meaning,sometimes intentionally意思表達(dá)含糊不清的,模棱兩可的,有時(shí)故意的,常與deliberately,somewhat等連用。此詞在四、六級(jí)考試中曾多次出現(xiàn),望能引起考生的注意。B.complicated:having many different parts or features that make it difficult to understand or deal with指因組成部分太多且各異而復(fù)雜;費(fèi)解;棘手,常用來修飾人物的關(guān)系、機(jī)器、法規(guī)、表格、程序和問題等。C.arbitrary: (指人)專橫的;武斷的;專制的;任意的。D.intricate:be made of a complicated series of small parts or details 指因組成部分精細(xì)而復(fù)雜且難易解決,同義詞為complex.
    例4: Parents often faced the ___ between doing what they felt was good for the development of the child and what they could stand by way of undisciplined noise and destructiveness.
    A. junction B. paradox C. premise D. dilemma (2000年1月考題)
    答案D.本題測(cè)試名詞詞義辨析。A.junction:聯(lián)結(jié)點(diǎn); (道路等的)會(huì)合點(diǎn);樞紐。B.paradox:a situation,fact or statement which seems impossible and/or difficult to understand because it contains two opposite facts or characteristics矛盾的情形,事情或說法。C.premise:(單數(shù))前提;假設(shè)。D.dilemma:difficult choice to be made between 2 coursesaction,both undesirable(進(jìn)退兩難的)窘境;困境,用法:be in a dilemma about.……;be caught in/facing the dilemma Of doing something;be faced/confronted with moral/ethical dilemma“whether to do something;resolve the.……dilemma of whether.……根據(jù)解題信息faced the .……及詞的用法,我們可以確定選項(xiàng)D為本題正確答案。
    例5: The manager tried to wave aside these issues as ___ details that would be settled later.
    A. alternate B. trivial C. versatile D. preliminary (2000年1月考題)
    4)選項(xiàng)為成語或短語及詞語固定搭配
    成語或短語是大綱所要求掌握并考查的,考生在復(fù)習(xí)階段仍不可掉以輕心。
    成語或短語的構(gòu)成有以下幾種: (1)動(dòng)詞短語:動(dòng)+介/副/名;動(dòng)+副+介;動(dòng)+名+介。
    (2)介詞短語:名+介;介+名;形+介;介+名+介;副+介+名;名+介+名等。成語或短語的意思往往離字面的意思較遠(yuǎn),我們決不能根據(jù)其中一詞而猜整個(gè)短語的意思,要經(jīng)常分析,經(jīng)常去記憶短語自身的含義并經(jīng)常使用,才能在應(yīng)試時(shí)準(zhǔn)確無誤,道正認(rèn)為這一方面是關(guān)鍵所在。
    一般來說,我國學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)英語都是支離破碎的,一個(gè)個(gè)單詞逐一記誦,很少注意該詞(尤其動(dòng)詞)的正確用法,而且忽略詞語搭配的重要性。
    所謂詞語搭配是指詞與詞間的連用關(guān)系,包括動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用,如raise a question;名詞與介詞的連用,如acheckfor$800;形容詞與名詞的連用,如heavy snow;動(dòng)詞與副詞的連用,副詞與形容詞的連用等等。其中動(dòng)詞與名詞的連用最為復(fù)雜而且困難,如前面提到的“提出問題raise a question''中的”raise“不一定,甚至不可以與”申請(qǐng)application、*protest、警告warning''等詞搭配使用。 “提出申請(qǐng)”應(yīng)為“file an application''; ”提出*“應(yīng)為”raise(1odge)a protest'':“提出警告”應(yīng)為“give(serve)a warning”。
    我國學(xué)生作文中常犯的錯(cuò)誤,或是句子不夠idiomatic,或是忽略了詞語搭配的正確用法所致??忌诹?jí)考試中考出好成績(jī),須在考前潛心研究或短語或詞語固定搭配,多做練習(xí),以掌握更多的詞匯。
    例1: The wood was so rotten that, when we pulled, it ___ into fragments.
    A. broke away B. broke off C. broke up D. broke through (2000年1月考題)
    答案C. 本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即(同一)動(dòng)詞+(不同)副詞+(同一)介詞的詞義辨析。 A. break away: 突然離開;強(qiáng)行逃脫。B. break off: 中斷;突然停止。C. break up:打碎;粉碎。D.breakthrough:突圍;沖破。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
    例2: The detective and his assistant have begun to ___ the mysterious murder.
    A. look into B. see to C. make over D. come through (2000年1月考題)
    答案A.本題為動(dòng)詞短語,即動(dòng)詞+介詞的詞義辨析。A.100kinto:調(diào)查;觀察。B.see to:注意;照料。C.makeover:(此為超綱詞)更改;(法律上)轉(zhuǎn)讓。D.come through:經(jīng)歷……仍活著;安然度過。A符合題意,故為正確答案。
    例3: The goal is to make higher education available to everyone who is willing and capable ___ his financial situation.
    A. with respect to B. in accord with C. regardless of D. in terms of (1999年1月考題)
    答案C.本題為介詞短語詞義辨析。A.with respect to:關(guān)于;至于。B.in accord with:與……一致;與……相符合。C.regardless Of:不顧;不惜。D.in terms Of:用……的話;按照,從……方面來說。C符合題意,故為正確答案。
    例4: When he tried to make a ___ , he found that the hotel was completely filled with because of a convention.
    A. reservation B. chaim C. mess D. revision (1998年6月考題)
    答案A.(本題分別在1998年6月和1999年1月考過兩次)本題為動(dòng)詞十名詞固定搭配詞義辨析。A.reservation: ' (美)booking訂位,用法:make a reservation for.'.。;confirm a reservation;cancel a reservation.B.claim:要求;權(quán)利;聲明等,用 法:consider one's claim;have a claim to something;make wild claims about doing some.thing;make no claim to be something.C.mess:凌亂狀態(tài),臟亂狀態(tài);混合的局面;困境,用法: make a mess;clear up a mess;be a mess of something;be in a mess;get oneself into a mess;sort out the mess;make a mess of something.D.revision: 修訂; 修改; 休整;修訂本;修訂版;復(fù)習(xí);溫習(xí),用法:do revision;do no revision.通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:雖然A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)都可以與動(dòng)詞make搭配使用,但只有A符合題意,故A為本題正確答案。
    例5: If you want to set up a company, you must ___ with the regulations laid down by the authorities.
    A. comply B. adhere C. confirm D. accord (19999年6月考題)
    答案A.本題為詞語固定搭配詞義辨析。A.comply(with):遵從;依從;服從。
    B.adhere(to):黏附;附著。C.confirm:為不及物動(dòng)詞,不能與with連用。D.accord(with):相符合;相一致;相和諧。通過詞義辨析我們可以看出:A與D均可與with連用,但D與題意不符,故A為本題正確答案。