四六級語法詞匯9

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動(dòng)詞后接不定式或動(dòng)名詞
    有些動(dòng)詞或詞組如admit, appreciate, avoid, consale, defer, delay, enjoy, escape, excuse, finish, mention, mind, miss, quit, postpone, practise, resist, risk, (can‘t) stand, suggest, give up, put off等后面只能接動(dòng)名詞。例如:
    I enjoy playing football.
    I don‘t mind sleeping with the door open.
    有些動(dòng)詞如stop, remember, forget, try, mean等接不定式或動(dòng)名詞做賓語,意思各不相同。
    try doing sth試試看(沒有付諸的行動(dòng))
    try to do盡力去做(已有行動(dòng))
    mean doing sth意味著
    mean to do sth打算
    近義詞辨析
    change, alter, convert, modify, vary
    這組詞均含有“變化”的意思。
    change
    最常用,指任何一種變化過程,但多用于指某人或某物發(fā)生根本性轉(zhuǎn)變,失去了原來的身份特征,前后完全不同。
    Years of hard work had changed her a great deal.多年辛苦勞作使她變了很多。
    alter
    指對人或事物的某些特征進(jìn)行某種程度的更改,但并沒有使人或事物的性質(zhì)發(fā)生根本改變。
    She had to ask the dressmaker to alter the dress for her.她不得不請裁縫把衣服改一下。
    convert
    指使事物的條件、性質(zhì)、功能等發(fā)生重要改變、轉(zhuǎn)換、或轉(zhuǎn)化。
    Scientists are trying to find cheaper ways to convert salt water to fresh water.科學(xué)家在努力尋找將海水淡化的更廉價(jià)的方法。
    modify
    指在較小的范圍內(nèi)進(jìn)行形式上的修改或調(diào)整。
    They have to modify the terms of their lease.他們不得不修改租賃條款。
    vary
    可以指僅僅改變事物的外觀,也可指使事物的內(nèi)在性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化,通常是在同一組事物中將一種情形改變?yōu)榱硪环N情形。
    She varies the program each month to make it more attractive.每個(gè)月她都對節(jié)目做些變動(dòng),使它更吸引人。
    全真模擬試題
    1. Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its alw
    ays ____ with other elements, most commonly with oxygen.
    A. being combined B. having combined 
    C. to combine D. combined
    2. Physics is the presentday equivalent of ____ used to
    be called natural philosophy, from ____ most of presentday science arose.
    A. which, what B. that, which 
    C. what, which D. what, that
    3. On no account ____ ever leave the baby at home alone.
    A. should you B. you should C. shall you D. you shall
    4. ____the center of our planetary system was considered as heresy by the church in the Middle Ages.
    A. It is the sun and not the earth 
    B. That the sun and not the earth
    C. Being the sun and not the earth 
    D. The sun and not the earth
    5. The reason that his property was confiscated by the country, it ____, was that he was involved in a lot of fraudulent activities during the war.
    A. was turned out B. was being turned out
    C. being turned out D. turned out
    6. I‘d rather you ____ by train because the weather forecast said there would be heavy snow tomorrow.
    A. went B. should go C. will go D. go
    7. Einstein won the Nobel Prize in 1921 and enjoyed great fame in Germany u
    ntil the rise of Nazism ____ he was expelled from Germany becaus
    e he was a Jew.
    A. when B. who C. then D. which
    8. Nowhere but in the remotest region of the country ____find a place to settle down.
    A. can he B. he can C. he D. for him to
    9. With one leg broken in that car accident, he cannot even walk, ____ run.
    A. let alone B. that‘s to say 
    C. not to speak D. not to mention
    10. ____, she led a life of complete seclusion.
    A. Being disgraced B. Disgraced
    C. Disgracing D. She was disgraced
    11. Sometimes a bus ____ gets on the bus to check the tickets.
    A. agent B. officer C. conductor D. inspector
    12. He made a quick ____ from his illness.
    A. relief B. recovery C. survival D. relaxation
    13. ____ the stress of examinations are over, we can all relax.
    A. While B. Even though C. Now that D. For
    14. My cousin Nancy is often in a poisonous mood; I suppose it‘s because she is ____ child.
    A. one B. a lone C. a single D. an only
    15. ____ the factors already referred to, people sometimes feel insecure because their motives are misunderstood by others.
    A. But for B. Except for C. Apart from D. Except that
    16. If the scheme is ____ carried out without waste of time or energy I shall be completely satisfied.
    A.relatively B. noticeably 
    C. appropriately D. efficiently
    17. One day we all may find it useful to have a(n) ____for sending documents, writing any pictures across the telephone lines.
    A. receiver B. echo C. extension D. facility
    18. To their credit the Department of Energy ____ these ideas and funded a detailed study.
    A. took over B. took on C. took up D. took to
    19. Feeling that she was in the right, she took ____ at the dirty remark.
    A. protection B. offense C. defense D. guard
    20. They agreed to share in common any ____ of funds after all expenses were paid in full.
    A. sufficiency B. surpass C. excess D. surplus
    21. He was ____her in intelligence.
    A. below B. under C. beneath D. down
    22. It took a lot of imagination to come up with such an ____ plan.
    A. bright B. clever C. brilliant D. ingenious
    23. In the refining process, rice and flour lose much of their ____。
    A. acid B. alcohol C. vitamin D. sulphur
    24. Individual lines of the poem were very beautiful, but I didn‘t see how the lines fit together. To me, the poem wasn’t ____。
    A. inherent B. coherent C. logical D. corporate
    25. To an especially sensitive child, a simple scolding can be a ____experience.
    A. hysterical B. grievous C. gracious D. sensible
    試題答案與解析 
    1. A) 「句意」 由于鋁總是和其它元素結(jié)合在一起,最常見的是和氧氣在一起,所以自然界中哪里也不會(huì)找到單獨(dú)的鋁元素。
    「難點(diǎn)」 owing to 是介詞,后應(yīng)接名詞或動(dòng)名詞,根據(jù)題意,應(yīng)接被動(dòng)
    語態(tài)形式。
    2. C) 「句意」 當(dāng)今的物理就是以前被稱之為自然哲學(xué)的等同物,大多數(shù)現(xiàn)代科學(xué)都產(chǎn)生于自然哲學(xué)。
    「難點(diǎn)」 what used to be called作定語,修飾natural philosophy,from which引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。
    3. A) 「句意」 你決不應(yīng)該把小孩一個(gè)人放在家里。
    「難點(diǎn)」 on no account 意為“決不”屬否定意義的詞,引導(dǎo)倒裝句,所
    以只有A)項(xiàng)正確。
    4. B) 「句意」 太陽系的中心是太陽而不是地球這一事實(shí)被中世紀(jì)的教會(huì)認(rèn)為是異端邪說。
    「難點(diǎn)」 That引導(dǎo)主語從句,全句的謂語是was considered.
    5. D) 「句意」 后來證明他的財(cái)產(chǎn)被國家沒收的原因是,戰(zhàn)爭期間他參與了詐騙活動(dòng)。
    「難點(diǎn)」 it turned out (to be)這里作插入語,意為“證明是…”。
    6. A) 「句意」 我寧愿你乘火車去,因?yàn)樘鞖忸A(yù)報(bào)說明天將有大雪。
    「難點(diǎn)」 would rather 后接虛擬語氣的從句,用一般過去時(shí)。
    7. A) 「句意」 愛因斯坦于1921年獲諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)金,在德國享有盛譽(yù)。后來隨著納粹主義的興起,他被逐出德國,因?yàn)樗莻€(gè)*人。
    「難點(diǎn)」 關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾名詞詞組the rise of Nazism.
    8. A) 「句意」 他只能在最遙遠(yuǎn)的地方找個(gè)安身之處。
    「難點(diǎn)」 Nowhere是否定副詞,位于句首引導(dǎo)倒裝句。
    9. A) 「句意」 在車禍中,他的一條腿骨折,他連走路都不行,更不用說跑了。
    「難點(diǎn)」 let alone意為“更不必說”;not to mention意為“再加上”;that is to say意為“也就是說”。
    10. B) 「句意」 失寵后,她過著完全隱居的生活。
    「難點(diǎn)」 disgraced在這里是過去分詞作狀語,表示伴隨狀態(tài)。
    11. C) 「句意」 有時(shí),公共汽車檢票員上車查票。
    「難點(diǎn)」 bus conductor意為“公共汽車售票員”;agent意為“代理人,中介人”;officer意為“軍官,官員”;inspector意為“檢查員,視察員”。
    12. B) 「句意」 他很快恢復(fù)了健康。
    「難點(diǎn)」 recovery意為“恢復(fù),復(fù)蘇”,后接介詞from;relief意為“寬慰,安心”;relaxation意為“放松”;survival意為“生存”。
    13. C) 「句意」 既然考試的緊張已經(jīng)過去,我們現(xiàn)在可以放松了。
    「難點(diǎn)」 now that意為“既然;由于”,用于新的事情的發(fā)生,接一般現(xiàn)
    在時(shí)的句子。while意為“雖然”;even though意為“即使”,for意為“因?yàn)椤?,不能用于句首?BR>    14. D) 「句意」 我表妹南希的情緒經(jīng)常很糟,我想這是因?yàn)樗仟?dú)生子的緣故。
    「難點(diǎn)」 表示“獨(dú)生子”的時(shí)候,只能說an only child.
    15. C) 「句意」 除了已經(jīng)提及的因素外,有時(shí)人們感到不安全是因?yàn)樗麄兊膭?dòng)機(jī)被他人誤解。
    「難點(diǎn)」 apart from是包含在內(nèi)的“除了”;excepr for和except that是不包含在內(nèi)的除了;but for意為“要不是”。
    16. D) 「句意」 如果計(jì)劃能在不浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和精力的情況下得到有效實(shí)施,我將十分滿意。
    「難點(diǎn)」 efficiently意為“有效地”;relatively意為“相對地”;not iceably意為“顯而易見地”;appropriately意為“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍薄?BR>    17. D) 「句意」 有朝一日我們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn),擁有一個(gè)能通過電話線發(fā)送信息、繪制圖片的設(shè)備是非常有用的。
    「難點(diǎn)」 facility意為“設(shè)備”;receiver意為“電話聽筒”;echo意為“回聲;回音”;extension意為“分機(jī)”。
    18. C) 「句意」 令他們感到光榮的是,能源部采納了這些想法并為一個(gè)詳細(xì)的研究報(bào)告作了資助。
    「難點(diǎn)」 take up意為“采納(觀點(diǎn))”;take over意為“接收,接管,占據(jù)”;take on 意為“承擔(dān)”;take to意為“喜歡上”。
    19. B) 「句意」 她覺得自己有理,因此,她對這樣骯臟的話語十分惱怒。
    「難點(diǎn)」 take offence意為“對…生氣”;protection意為“保護(hù)”;defense意為“防衛(wèi)”;guard意為“看守;警戒”。
    20. D) 「句意」 他們同意在全部費(fèi)用支出后共享剩余的資金。
    「難點(diǎn)」 surplus意為“剩余,剩余額”;sufficiency意為“足量,充足”;surpass是動(dòng)詞,不適合本句;excess意為“超過”。
    21. A) 「句意」 他的智力不如她。
    「難點(diǎn)」 below意為“(智力、地位、軍階等)低于”;under意為“(尺寸、
    價(jià)值、數(shù)量、程度、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等)少于,低于“;beneath意為”在…下方;(地位,級別等)低于,次于“;down意為”往…下端“。
    22. D) 「句意」 想出這樣一個(gè)天才的計(jì)劃需要豐富的想象力。
    「難點(diǎn)」 ingenious意為“(方法等)巧妙的;制作精巧的;bright意為”聰明的,機(jī)靈的“;clever意為”頭腦機(jī)敏的,伶俐的“;brilliant意為”才華橫溢的,有才能的“。
    23. C) 「句意」 在加工過程中,大米和面粉失去大量維生素。
    「難點(diǎn)」 vitamin是“維生素”,其它詞義不符本題。acid是“酸”;alcohol是“酒精”;sulphur是“硫”。
    24. B) 「句意」 這首詩的每個(gè)單行寫得很美,但我不明白各行是如何聯(lián)系在一起的。依我看,這首詩不連貫。
    「難點(diǎn)」 coherent意為“連貫的,緊湊的”;inherent意為“內(nèi)在的,固
    有的“;logical意為”邏輯的“;corporate意為”社團(tuán)的,法人的“。
    25. B) 「句意」 對十分敏感的兒童來說,一次簡單的呵斥可能會(huì)成為極其痛苦的經(jīng)歷。
    「難點(diǎn)」 grievous意為“極痛苦的”;hysterical意為“情緒暴躁不能控制的”;gracious意為“親切的,有禮的”;sensible意為“明白事理的;合情理的”。