一、代詞
代詞中主要講解六個問題
(一) 掌握代詞的幾種格
主格、賓格、所有格
名詞前面用代詞來修飾，只能用所有格（my books）
(二) 反身代詞
當(dāng)主語和賓語表示同一事物時，賓語使用反身代詞。
He killed himself. （他自殺了）
He killed him. （他殺了他）
例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating
A B
a series of indicators that could help
C
themselves to predict earthquakes.
D
分觶篋錯，應(yīng)改為them。如果用反身代詞themselves,指代對象是從句主語that(即名詞indicators),這顯然是錯誤的。從句意來看，help的賓語應(yīng)該是主句主語researchers,故應(yīng)用代詞賓格而不是反身代詞。注意C并沒有錯，情態(tài)動詞could 比can語氣弱，表示較小的可能性。
Indicator為征兆，這些征兆幫助他們來預(yù)言地震。主語是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一個事物
(三) 代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，代詞的性別
在考試中如果代詞打橫線，代詞錯誤的概率是非常高的，因此代詞打橫線，應(yīng)該先看代詞有沒有錯。
例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
A B C D
Pacific.
分析：D錯，應(yīng)改為those。D指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞waters, it是單數(shù)，顯然是錯誤的，根據(jù)習(xí)慣故改為those。注意waters一詞并沒有錯，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Water作為水是不可數(shù)名詞，waters表示水域，通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Work作為工作是不可數(shù)名詞，work作為作品，可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可以，例如：
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined
A
the word “normalcy” to express social and
B
economic conditions they promised the nation.
C D
分析：D錯，應(yīng)改為he。動作promised是由Warren Harding發(fā)出來的，故用第三人稱單數(shù)he來指代。
例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important
A
work is not poetry, but his biography, John
B C
Keats, published the year of her death.
D
分析：C錯，應(yīng)改為her。his指男性，顯然是錯誤的，應(yīng)改為her與后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
(四) Who和which的區(qū)別
which指代事物或者動物，who指代人
who/whom son往往要改為whose son, whose可以指代事物
例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
A B
account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為which或that。先行詞不是指人，而是指物，關(guān)系代詞不能用who,故改為which或that。
人體前面加定冠詞the, account for 占有多大的比例，解釋說明
(五) that和which的區(qū)別
介詞后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外
例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that it
A B
would affect society could not have been foreseen.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為which。The extent to which, 介詞加which(引導(dǎo)定語從句)，影響社會的程度沒有被預(yù)見
(六) 定語從句的特殊省略
Reason后面有定語從句，中間往往省略why,
Time后面有定語從句，中間往往省略when
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
way后面有定語從句，中間省略了in which
例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
A B
reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為main。mainly為副詞，不能修飾后面的名詞，故改為形容詞main。句子中people take medicine修飾reason，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略
例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb has
affected the way people in the United States----.
(A) living and working
(B) they live and work
(C) live and work
(D) to live and to work
分析：選擇C, the way people....影響了人們生活和工作的方式。
代詞中主要講解六個問題
(一) 掌握代詞的幾種格
主格、賓格、所有格
名詞前面用代詞來修飾，只能用所有格（my books）
(二) 反身代詞
當(dāng)主語和賓語表示同一事物時，賓語使用反身代詞。
He killed himself. （他自殺了）
He killed him. （他殺了他）
例：Researchers at the University of Colorado are investigating
A B
a series of indicators that could help
C
themselves to predict earthquakes.
D
分觶篋錯，應(yīng)改為them。如果用反身代詞themselves,指代對象是從句主語that(即名詞indicators),這顯然是錯誤的。從句意來看，help的賓語應(yīng)該是主句主語researchers,故應(yīng)用代詞賓格而不是反身代詞。注意C并沒有錯，情態(tài)動詞could 比can語氣弱，表示較小的可能性。
Indicator為征兆，這些征兆幫助他們來預(yù)言地震。主語是征兆，后面指研究者，不是同一個事物
(三) 代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，代詞的性別
在考試中如果代詞打橫線，代詞錯誤的概率是非常高的，因此代詞打橫線，應(yīng)該先看代詞有沒有錯。
例：The continental divide refers to an imaginary line in the North American Rockies
that divides the waters flowing into the Atlantic Ocean from it flowing into the
A B C D
Pacific.
分析：D錯，應(yīng)改為those。D指代復(fù)數(shù)名詞waters, it是單數(shù)，顯然是錯誤的，根據(jù)習(xí)慣故改為those。注意waters一詞并沒有錯，它指江湖河海中的大片水域，可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
Water作為水是不可數(shù)名詞，waters表示水域，通常使用復(fù)數(shù)形式，作主語謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Work作為工作是不可數(shù)名詞，work作為作品，可數(shù)不可數(shù)都可以，例如：
Many of his works= much of his work, work都表示作品
例：In 1920 the presidential candidate Warren Harding coined
A
the word “normalcy” to express social and
B
economic conditions they promised the nation.
C D
分析：D錯，應(yīng)改為he。動作promised是由Warren Harding發(fā)出來的，故用第三人稱單數(shù)he來指代。
例：Many critics believe that Amy Lwell' s most important
A
work is not poetry, but his biography, John
B C
Keats, published the year of her death.
D
分析：C錯，應(yīng)改為her。his指男性，顯然是錯誤的，應(yīng)改為her與后面的her同指Amy Lowell.
(四) Who和which的區(qū)別
which指代事物或者動物，who指代人
who/whom son往往要改為whose son, whose可以指代事物
例：The human body contains more than six hundred muscles who
A B
account for approximately forty percent of the body weight.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為which或that。先行詞不是指人，而是指物，關(guān)系代詞不能用who,故改為which或that。
人體前面加定冠詞the, account for 占有多大的比例，解釋說明
(五) that和which的區(qū)別
介詞后面使用which, 而不用that, in that除外
例：When television was first introduced, the extent to that it
A B
would affect society could not have been foreseen.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為which。The extent to which, 介詞加which(引導(dǎo)定語從句)，影響社會的程度沒有被預(yù)見
(六) 定語從句的特殊省略
Reason后面有定語從句，中間往往省略why,
Time后面有定語從句，中間往往省略when
I do remember the time I heard the sweetest voice in the wild world.
way后面有定語從句，中間省略了in which
例：Research on pain has been neglected, although the mainly
A B
reason people take medicine is to relieve pain.
C D
分析：B錯，應(yīng)改為main。mainly為副詞，不能修飾后面的名詞，故改為形容詞main。句子中people take medicine修飾reason，定語從句引導(dǎo)詞被省略
例：Commercial expansion from city to suburb has
affected the way people in the United States----.
(A) living and working
(B) they live and work
(C) live and work
(D) to live and to work
分析：選擇C, the way people....影響了人們生活和工作的方式。