英語四級(jí)翻譯的原則與方法(五)

字號(hào):

三、正反譯與反正譯
       通常翻譯時(shí),英語原文是肯定句或否定句,譯為漢語時(shí)也采取相應(yīng)的形式即可。但有時(shí),如果一味的按照原文的肯定形式或否定形式來翻譯,會(huì)出現(xiàn)表達(dá)不通順,或不符合漢語習(xí)慣的情況。這時(shí),就需要將原文的反面表達(dá)(否定形式)轉(zhuǎn)換為正面表達(dá)(肯定形式),或?qū)⒃牡恼姹磉_(dá)(肯定形式)轉(zhuǎn)換為反面表達(dá)(否定形式)。這樣才能既不改變?cè)囊馑迹质拐Z句通順流暢。
       1.正反譯
       所謂正反譯是指原文通過正面(肯定形式)表達(dá)的詞或句子,譯文以反面(否定形式)來表
       達(dá)。
       1)動(dòng)詞及短語,例如:
       As a result, many people avoided the very attempts that are the source of true happiness.
       譯文:結(jié)果,很多人沒有嘗試,而這些嘗試正是幸福的源泉。
       He felt ill at ease.
       譯文:他感到不自在。
       2)有些形容詞的比較級(jí)和級(jí)可表示否定意義,例如:
       At present it is generally accepted, although more as a self-evident statement than on the base of a closely-reasoned scientific proof.
       譯文:目前,這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)已被普遍接受,雖然它是不言而喻的,并不是根據(jù)科學(xué)嚴(yán)密推理而證明的。
       3)形容詞及其短語,例如:
       The light in the classroom is poor.
       譯文:教室里的光線不足。
       4)介詞及其短語,例如:
       His answer is beside the mark.
       譯文:他的回答文不對(duì)題。
       5)連接詞,例如:
       The soldiers would fight to death before they surrendered.
       譯文:戰(zhàn)士們寧愿戰(zhàn)死也決不投降。
       6)名詞,例如:
       Behave yourself during my absence.
       譯文:我不在時(shí)要規(guī)矩點(diǎn)。
       7)習(xí)慣用法,例如:
       He is anything but a writer.
       譯文:他決不是一個(gè)作家。
       The islanders found themselves far from ready to fight the war.
       譯文:島民發(fā)現(xiàn)自己遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)沒有做好作戰(zhàn)準(zhǔn)備。
       The decision has to come.
       譯文:決定尚未作出。
       It is a wise father that knows his own child.
       譯文:無論怎樣聰明的父親也不見得了解自己的孩子。
       2.反正譯
       所謂反正譯是指原文通過反面(否定形式)表達(dá)的詞或句子,譯文以正面(肯定形式)來表達(dá)。
       1)動(dòng)詞及短語,例如:
       The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
       譯文:雖經(jīng)他一再解釋,疑團(tuán)仍然存在。
       The examination left no doubt that the patient had died of cancer.
       譯文:調(diào)查結(jié)果清楚的說明病人死于癌癥。
       2)副詞,例如:
       It is the only possession that I have not given up.
       譯文:這是我所保留的財(cái)產(chǎn)。
       3)形容詞及其短語,例如:
       He was an indecisive sort of person and always capricious(反復(fù)無常的).
       譯文:他這個(gè)人優(yōu)柔寡斷,而且總是反復(fù)無常。
       4)介詞及其短語,例如:
       The whole gun was no longer than eight inches.
       譯文:整枝槍的長(zhǎng)度只有8英寸。
       The problem is not beyond our reach.
       譯文:這個(gè)問題我們能解決。
       5)名詞,例如:
       He showed a strong dislike for father’s business.
       譯文:他對(duì)他父親的生意表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的厭惡。
       6)句子,例如:
       The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.
       譯文:這些事件引起了我們的重視。