快速閱讀要求在15分鐘內(nèi)完成一篇1200字左右的文章和后面的10道題。前面7個題是判斷正誤(包括NOT GIVEN)，后3個是填空題(答案基本都是原文中出現(xiàn)的原詞)。從文章的篇幅和題目的設(shè)置都讓我們感覺到，在復習階段必須有意識地培養(yǎng)快速閱讀能力，以便有效地應對這個部分的測試。
快速閱讀能力的提高固然有賴于在大量閱讀中逐步的積累。但是，在平時的訓練的時候，應該注意通過對邏輯關(guān)系、標點符號乃至一些特征語言信息點，乃至尋讀等方法的積極運用，實現(xiàn)文章主旨的快速把握，并對隨后的題目作出有效的判斷和填寫。
一、邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運用
快速閱讀理解能力的提高是有一定方法可循的，為此應該尤其注意文章邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運用。邏輯關(guān)系散布在文章的句子內(nèi)部、句句之間、以及段落之間。最基本的邏輯關(guān)系有以下幾種：
1、因果關(guān)系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等等。
2、并列、遞進關(guān)系：and, or, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover等等
3、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however，but, yet, in fact等等。
這些我們其實已經(jīng)很熟悉的邏輯提示詞在文章中起的效果，并非僅僅是銜接文章的句子，從閱讀的角度來看，其實同時在給我們某種提示，告訴我們哪些句子是有效信息，相對重要的信息，哪些信息是相對不重要的信息，因為我們在處理文章的時候，有一條清晰的思路，你不是為了完整翻譯文章而進行閱讀，而是為了獲取主旨來閱讀。
例如樣題中的第一段：You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
我們注意到，在該段尾部出現(xiàn)了“But”。這里的“But”，說明作者陳述的內(nèi)容的邏輯主旨發(fā)生了變化，因此，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞之前的信息就變得不重要了，簡單的處理方法是可以僅保留閱讀轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的信息。
相應地，并列、遞進關(guān)系詞，意味著它們前后銜接的信息從主旨的體現(xiàn)上沒有發(fā)生變化，而更多的表現(xiàn)為前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我們選擇其中的一半進行閱讀。這樣，在保證了閱讀質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)上，也極大地提高了閱讀速度。如樣題中“How Is a Landfill Operated?”一段中：
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies.
注意到“In addition”，該詞的出現(xiàn)意味著其后內(nèi)容和上一段信息主旨基本一致，可以放棄本句的閱讀。
二、標點符號在快速閱讀中的運用
可以運用標點符號(破折號、小括號、冒號)了解不認識的詞匯或句子的含義。因為這些標點符號的出現(xiàn)就是為了更進一步地其前的信息。但同時，由于快速閱讀用詞相對比較簡單，很容易理解和把握標點前的被解釋信息，所以，可以將這些標點符號后面的信息刪除，從而更加快速地把握文章的主旨。
例如樣題中有下列信息：
Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)
Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
• Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
• Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
注意到在“Dump”、“ Landfill”之后分別有一個破折號，如果我們已經(jīng)明白該標點的意義就在于后面的信息對前者進一步進行解釋，那么就可以在明白這些單詞基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上，放棄其后信息的閱讀，因為，閱讀理解，我們更強調(diào)的是對文章主旨信息的把握，而不是具體的細節(jié)信息。
閱讀材料
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt(i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.
The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
mda.com
1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______.
a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.
a. need for sodium 22
b. rate of mating
c. reaction to salt
d. type of blood
3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.
a. control high blood pressure
b. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
c. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats
d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
mda.com
4.The most beneficial results of the research might be ______.
a. development of diets free of salt
b. an early cure for high blood pressure
c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
b. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.mda.com
c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
答案：acddd
快速閱讀能力的提高固然有賴于在大量閱讀中逐步的積累。但是，在平時的訓練的時候，應該注意通過對邏輯關(guān)系、標點符號乃至一些特征語言信息點，乃至尋讀等方法的積極運用，實現(xiàn)文章主旨的快速把握，并對隨后的題目作出有效的判斷和填寫。
一、邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運用
快速閱讀理解能力的提高是有一定方法可循的，為此應該尤其注意文章邏輯關(guān)系在快速閱讀中的運用。邏輯關(guān)系散布在文章的句子內(nèi)部、句句之間、以及段落之間。最基本的邏輯關(guān)系有以下幾種：
1、因果關(guān)系：as a result ，therefore，hence，consequently，because, for, due to, hence, consequently等等。
2、并列、遞進關(guān)系：and, or, then，in addition，besides，in other words，moreover等等
3、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系：however，but, yet, in fact等等。
這些我們其實已經(jīng)很熟悉的邏輯提示詞在文章中起的效果，并非僅僅是銜接文章的句子，從閱讀的角度來看，其實同時在給我們某種提示，告訴我們哪些句子是有效信息，相對重要的信息，哪些信息是相對不重要的信息，因為我們在處理文章的時候，有一條清晰的思路，你不是為了完整翻譯文章而進行閱讀，而是為了獲取主旨來閱讀。
例如樣題中的第一段：You have just finished your meal at a fast food restaurant and you throw your uneaten food, food wrappers, drink cups, utensils and napkins into the trash can. You don’t think about that waste again. On trash pickup day in your neighborhood, you push your can out to the curb, and workers dump the contents into a big truck and haul it away. You don’t have to think about that waste again, either. But maybe you have wondered, as you watch the trash truck pull away, just where that garbage ends up.
我們注意到，在該段尾部出現(xiàn)了“But”。這里的“But”，說明作者陳述的內(nèi)容的邏輯主旨發(fā)生了變化，因此，轉(zhuǎn)折邏輯詞之前的信息就變得不重要了，簡單的處理方法是可以僅保留閱讀轉(zhuǎn)折詞之后的信息。
相應地，并列、遞進關(guān)系詞，意味著它們前后銜接的信息從主旨的體現(xiàn)上沒有發(fā)生變化，而更多的表現(xiàn)為前后句子主旨的相似性，所以我們選擇其中的一半進行閱讀。這樣，在保證了閱讀質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ)上，也極大地提高了閱讀速度。如樣題中“How Is a Landfill Operated?”一段中：
Along the site, there are drop-off stations for materials that are not wanted or legally banned by the landfill. A multi-material drop-off station is used for tires, motor oil, lead-acid batteries. Some of these materials can be recycled.
In addition, there is a household hazardous waste drop-off station for chemicals (paints, pesticides, other chemicals) that are banned from the landfill. These chemicals are disposed of by private companies.
注意到“In addition”，該詞的出現(xiàn)意味著其后內(nèi)容和上一段信息主旨基本一致，可以放棄本句的閱讀。
二、標點符號在快速閱讀中的運用
可以運用標點符號(破折號、小括號、冒號)了解不認識的詞匯或句子的含義。因為這些標點符號的出現(xiàn)就是為了更進一步地其前的信息。但同時，由于快速閱讀用詞相對比較簡單，很容易理解和把握標點前的被解釋信息，所以，可以將這些標點符號后面的信息刪除，從而更加快速地把握文章的主旨。
例如樣題中有下列信息：
Dump—an open hole in the ground where trash is buried and that is full of various animals (rats, mice, birds). (This is most people’s idea of a landfill!)
Landfill—carefully designed structure built into or on top of the ground in which trash is isolated from the surrounding environment (groundwater, air, rain). This isolation is accomplished with a bottom liner and daily covering of soil.
• Sanitary landfill—land fill that uses a clay liner to isolate the trash from the environment
• Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill—landfill that uses a synthetic (plastic) liner to isolate the trash from the environment
注意到在“Dump”、“ Landfill”之后分別有一個破折號，如果我們已經(jīng)明白該標點的意義就在于后面的信息對前者進一步進行解釋，那么就可以在明白這些單詞基本含義的基礎(chǔ)上，放棄其后信息的閱讀，因為，閱讀理解，我們更強調(diào)的是對文章主旨信息的把握，而不是具體的細節(jié)信息。
閱讀材料
There is evidence that the usual variety of high blood pressure is, in part, a familiar disease. Since families have similar genes as well as similar environments, familiar diseases could be due to shared genetic influences, to shared environmental factors, or to both. For some years, the role of one environmental factor commonly shared by families, namely dietary salt(i.e., sodium chloride), has been studied at Brookhaven National Laboratory. These studies suggest that chromic excess salt ingestion can lead to high blood pressure in man and animals. Some individuals, however, and some rats consume large amounts of salt without developing high blood pressure. No matter how strictly all environmental factors were controlled in these experiments, some salt-fed animals never developed hypertension whereas a few rapidly developed very severe hypertension followed by early death. These marked variations were interpreted to result from differences in genetic constitution.
By mating is successive generations only those animals that failed to develop hypertension from salt ingestion, a resistant strain(the "R" Strain)has been evolved in which consumption of large quantities of salt fails to influence the blood pressure significantly. In contrast, by mating only animals that quickly develop hypertension from salt, a sensitive strain("S" strain)has also been developed.
The availability of these tow strains permits investigations not heretofore possible. They provide a plausible laboratory model on which to investigate some clinical aspects of the human prototypes of hypertension. More important, there might be the possibility of developing methods by which genetic susceptibility of human beings to high blood pressure can be defined without waiting for its appearance. Radioactive sodium 22 was an important "tool" in working out the characteristics of the sodium chloride metabolism.
mda.com
1.The study of the effects of salt on high blood pressure was carried out ______.
a. as members of the same family tend to use similar amounts of salt
b. to explore the long-term use of a sodium based substance
c. because it was proven that salt caused high blood pressure
d. because of the availability of chemically pure salt and its derivatives
2.The main difference between "S" and "R" rats is their ______.
a. need for sodium 22
b. rate of mating
c. reaction to salt
d. type of blood
3.We can infer from the article that sodium 22 can de used to ______.
a. control high blood pressure
b. cure high blood pressure caused by salt
c. tell the "S" rats from the "R" rats
d. determine what a sodium chloride metabolism is like
mda.com
4.The most beneficial results of the research might be ______.
a. development of diets free of salt
b. an early cure for high blood pressure
c. control of genetic agents that cause high blood pressure
d. the early identification of potential high blood pressure victims
5.Which of the statements best relates the main idea of this article?
a. When salt is added rats and human beings react similarly.
b. The near future will see a cure for high blood pressure.mda.com
c. The medical field is desperately in need of research.
d. A tendency toward high blood pressure may be a hereditary factor.
答案：acddd