TEXT 2
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi).The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters.As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence?One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names.So short sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues.At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A．A kind of overlooked inequality.
B．A type of conspicuous bias.
C．A type of personal prejudice.
D．A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A． In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B．The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.
C．Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.
D．Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that .
A．questions are often put to the more intelligent students
B．a(chǎn)lphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
C．teachers should pay attention to all of their students
D．students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by most people are literally having a ZZZ (Lines 2, Paragraph 5)?
A．They are getting impatient.
B． They are noisily dozing off.
C．They are feeling humiliated.
D．They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill treated.
B．VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C．The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D．Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
alphabet5 n.字母表
attention14 n.①注意（力），留心；②立正
author69 n.①作者；②創(chuàng)始人
award2 n.獎(jiǎng)（品）；v.授予，獎(jiǎng)給
ballot1 n.選舉票，投票，票數(shù)；vi.投票
bias7 n./v.（使有）偏見，偏心，偏袒
brand2 n.商標(biāo)，標(biāo)記，牌子；v.①使銘記；②打火印，打烙印
campaign4 n.①戰(zhàn)役；②運(yùn)動(dòng)；vi.從事活動(dòng)
ceremony1 n.①典禮，儀式；②禮節(jié)，禮儀
character4 n.①性格，品質(zhì)，特性，特征；②人物，角色；③字符，（漢）字
coincidence2 n.①巧合，巧事；②一致，符合
condemn1 v.①譴責(zé)，指責(zé)；②判刑，宣告有罪
conference3 n.會(huì)議，討論會(huì)
confidence6 n.①（in）信任；②信心，自信；③秘密，機(jī)密
conspicuous1 a.顯眼的，明顯的
directory1 n.人名地址錄，（電話）號(hào)碼簿
doze1 v./n.①瞌睡；②假寐
eliminate5 v.消除
essential11 a.①（to）必要的，必不可少的；②本質(zhì)的，基本的；n.①本質(zhì)，要點(diǎn)；②必需品
eyesight2 n.視力
failure6 n.①失敗，不及格；②失敗者；③故障，失靈；④未能
firm14 a.①堅(jiān)固的，穩(wěn)固的；②堅(jiān)決的，堅(jiān)定的；n.公司，商號(hào)
humiliate1 v.羞辱，使丟臉，恥辱
illegal4 a.不合法的，非法的
illustrate6 v.①舉例說明，闡明；②圖解，加插圖
impatient2 a.不耐煩的，急躁的
individual21 a.①個(gè)人的，單獨(dú)的；②獨(dú)特的；n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體
infant2 n.嬰兒，幼兒
infer21 v.推論，推斷
intelligent4 a.聰明的，明智的
intend15 v.想要，打算，企圖
interview3 v./n.①接見，會(huì)見；②采訪；③面試
junior1 a.①年少的，年幼的；②低年級(jí)的；③后進(jìn)的，下級(jí)的；④［美國(guó)四年制大學(xué)］三年級(jí)的；n.①年少者，低班生；②下級(jí)，晚輩；③（美國(guó)四年制大學(xué)）三年級(jí)學(xué)生
lead21 v.①領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)；②，占首位；③（to）通向，導(dǎo)致，引起；④經(jīng)歷，過（生活）；n.帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)；n.鉛
literally2 ad.①照字面意義，逐字地；②確實(shí)；③簡(jiǎn)直，差不多
lower9 a.較低的，下級(jí)的，下游的；v.降下，放低
lucky1 a.幸運(yùn)的，僥幸的
overlook3 v.①看漏，忽略；②俯瞰，眺望；③寬容，放任
phone3 n.電話，電話機(jī)；v.（給...）打電話
plough1 n.犁；v.①犁，耕；②跋涉，鉆研
pose4 v.①造成（困難等）；②提出（問題等），陳述（觀點(diǎn)等）；③擺姿勢(shì)；④假裝，冒充
predecessor1 n.前輩，前任，（被取代的）原有事物
prejudice4 n.①偏見，成見；②損害，侵害；v.抱有（存有）偏見
puzzle4 n.難題，謎，迷惑；v.（使）迷惑，（使）為難
qualification3 n.①資格，合格；②限定，條件；③合格證
rarely4 ad.很少，難得，非常地
recipient2 a.容易接受的，感受性強(qiáng)的；n.①容納者，容器；②接受者
recognize8 v.①認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；②承認(rèn)
result37 n.結(jié)果，成果，成績(jī)；v.①（in）導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是；②（from）起因于，因...而造成
rot1 v.（使）腐爛，（使）腐敗，腐朽；n.腐爛，胡說
school44 n.①學(xué)校；②（大學(xué)里的）學(xué)院，系；③學(xué)派，流派
seat3 n.①座位，底座；②所在地，場(chǎng)所；v.使坐下，安排座位
speaker6 n.說話人，演講人，揚(yáng)聲器
stick5 n.棍，棒，手杖；v.①刺，戳，扎；②粘合，附著；③堅(jiān)持，固守
striking1 a.顯著的，驚人的
subtle2 a.①精巧的，巧妙的；②細(xì)微的，微妙的
surname3 n.姓
tend26 v.①趨向，往往是；②照料，看護(hù)
theory20 n.①理論，原理；②學(xué)說，見解，看法；③看法，觀點(diǎn)
thrive1 v.興旺，繁榮
thumb1 n.拇指；v.（～ through）翻閱
vice3 n.①邪惡，壞事；②惡習(xí)；③［pl.］臺(tái)鉗，老虎鉗；a.副的
according47 ad.依照，根據(jù)
advantage13 n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 有利條件
alphabetically5 ad.按字母順序地
alphabetism1 n.字母表主義
attendee1 n.出席者，參加者
disadvantage6 n.不利，缺點(diǎn)，劣勢(shì)；v.①使處于不利地位；②損害
discrimination4 n.①識(shí)別力，辨別力；②（against）歧視
election1 n.選舉，當(dāng)選，選擇權(quán)
graduation1 n.畢業(yè)，畢業(yè)典禮，刻度，分等級(jí)
humiliation1 n.羞辱，蒙恥
inequality2 n.不平等，不平均
insensitive3 a.對(duì)...沒有感覺的，感覺遲鈍的
insidious1 a.陰險(xiǎn)的
respectively2 ad.分別地，各個(gè)地
shortlist1 n.后候選人名單
suspiciously1 ad.猜疑著，懷疑著
unaware3 a.不知道的，沒覺察到的
unfairness2 n.不公平
unintentional1 a.不是故意的，無意識(shí)的 難句1
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
?。劢Y(jié)構(gòu)分析］
1. 本句主干部分：This...refers to discrimination...；
2. 兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是插入語，是對(duì)說本句話對(duì)象的補(bǔ)充說明；
3. those后面是whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾those；
［本句難點(diǎn)］插入語對(duì)閱讀速度的影響；
［方法對(duì)策］插入語在第一遍閱讀可以不讀，跳過，直接找出本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)；
［例句精譯］對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其危害的人來說，它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
難句2
One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］
1. 本句主干部分是：One theory...is + that引導(dǎo)的表語從句；
2. 兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是過去分詞短語作狀語；
［本句難點(diǎn)］插入語對(duì)閱讀速度的影響；
［方法對(duì)策］閱讀時(shí)可以不讀插入語，直接找出句子主干；the alphabetically disadvantaged：為the+過去分詞，表示某一類人；
［例句精譯］有一種由那些在字母表上列位不佳者閑暇時(shí)構(gòu)幻出來的理論，認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。
46.［答案］ A
［解析］本文談到從小學(xué)排座位時(shí)，姓氏字母靠后的人就被排到了后面。這樣一來，他們被提問及回答問題的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)少。日積月累，他們的能力與自信心也比較弱，所以長(zhǎng)大成功的機(jī)會(huì)也相應(yīng)減少，這是一種很隱藏的不公平與歧視，本題首先以汽車公司為例講到了這種暗含的不公平。比如，以A字打頭的出租車公司在電話簿里排在前邊，顧客們會(huì)首先看到，當(dāng)然比Z字打頭的公司占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A：這是一種不公平。而不是B、C、D偏見或歧視。注意，A把原文中的unfairness換成選項(xiàng)中的inequality。
47.［答案］ D
［解析］問題："從頭三段我們可以推論出什么道理？"推理題，選D。A講了名字很重要，并不準(zhǔn)確。因?yàn)楸疚囊婚_始就談到了按字母排列姓氏順序是一種很微妙的歧視與不公平，并未提名字。
48.［答案］ C
［解析］從第四段可知，只能選C，因?yàn)椋篈老師常提問聰明學(xué)生;B姓氏不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常逃課;D學(xué)生應(yīng)該按視力來排座位;均不是文章的意思。
49.［答案］ B
［解析］如果按照字面意思，其實(shí)選項(xiàng)A與B都可以接受，但是按西方習(xí)慣ZZZ是代表打呼嚕的一串符號(hào)，故選B。需要說明的是：考研閱讀文章來自英、美報(bào)刊雜志，如《Newsweek》、《Times》、《USA Today》、《Scientific American》、《Discovery》、《Business Week》等等。文章大致分四類：社會(huì)生活、科普、商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化教育。所以，多看英、美雜志，了解西方風(fēng)俗民情對(duì)考試也有幫助。
50.［答案］ D
［解析］A：姓N至Z的人常受虐待，文中沒提。B：西方要員從字母表中獲益很多。此題錯(cuò)在哪里呢？他們不是從字母表，而是從人們對(duì)字母表的歧視性用法中獲益。換言之，字母表沒錯(cuò)，是人們用錯(cuò)了。C：本文并未講要淘汰字母表。而只是講了：D使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成無意中的偏見和歧視。在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里各種各樣的不公和歧視遭到了譴責(zé)或定為非法。但是有一種隱蔽的（歧視）形式還在蔓延：字母主義。對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其危害的人來說，它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴殡娫挷緯r(shí)，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott較之Zo Zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那么為人所知了。英語的姓氏在字母表的前后兩半部分的分布相當(dāng)平均。但人物的姓氏的首字母在A與K之間的卻多得可疑。
如此這般，美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭；喬治·布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。更加令人矚目的是七大富裕強(qiáng)國(guó)政府的首腦中有六位在其姓氏按字母表順序排名時(shí)靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。世界三大中央銀行行長(zhǎng)（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上富有的前五位情況也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。
這僅僅是巧合嗎？有一種由那些在字母表上列位不佳者閑暇時(shí)構(gòu)幻出來的理論，認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。在幼兒學(xué)校第一年之始，老師為了較為容易地記住學(xué)生的名字，就按字母表順序由前往后給學(xué)生排座位。因此近視的小Zysman就被插在了后排，這樣一來，粗心的教師提出的有助于提高的問題就很少會(huì)問到他。這時(shí)，按字母表順序排名靠后的學(xué)生還認(rèn)為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運(yùn)。然而，（這種情況的）結(jié)果可能就是成績(jī)欠佳，因?yàn)檫@種學(xué)生得到的個(gè)人關(guān)注較少，同時(shí)當(dāng)眾講話時(shí)的信心也不足。
這種委屈繼續(xù)著。在大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上，姓氏首字母是ABC的學(xué)生驕傲地首先領(lǐng)到獎(jiǎng)品；等輪到Zysmans們領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)品的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人簡(jiǎn)直都在鼾聲大作了。求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單，也是按字母表順序排序，當(dāng)人們費(fèi)勁地向下查看時(shí)，興趣隨之索然。
46. 作者利用AAAA cars和Zodiac汽車公司是為了舉例說明什么?
A．一種被人們忽視的不平等。
B．一種明顯的偏見。
C．一種個(gè)人偏見。
D．一種品牌歧視。
47. 根據(jù)文章的前面三段，我們可以推知什么？
A．不管是在東方或是在西方，名字對(duì)于成功至關(guān)重要。
B．字母表被指責(zé)因?yàn)樗鼘?dǎo)致姓氏靠后者的失敗。
C．消費(fèi)者通常非常注意公司的名字。
D．某種歧視太細(xì)微因而難以辨別。
48. 第四段暗示：
A．老師常提問更聰明的學(xué)生
B．姓氏不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常逃課
C．老師應(yīng)該關(guān)注所有學(xué)生
D．應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的視力來給他們排座位
49. 作者說most people are literally having a ZZZ（第五段第二行）的意思是什么？
A．他們變得不耐煩。
B．他們正在打瞌睡。
C．他們覺得丟臉。
D．他們忙于做字謎游戲。
50. 根據(jù)本文的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪項(xiàng)正確？
A．以N到Z為姓氏的人經(jīng)常受到虐待。
B．西方國(guó)家的重要人物從字母表中獲得極大的益處。
C．淘汰字母表的運(yùn)動(dòng)仍任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
D．字母表使用不當(dāng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無意識(shí)的偏見和歧視。TEXT 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet.But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either.Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.I'm a good economic indicator,she says,I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace.But don't sound any alarms just yet.Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.
Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,says John Deadly, a Bay Area real estate broker.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside, too.Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible.Not anymore.For that, Greenspan Co. may still be worth toasting.
51. By Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means .
A．Spero can hardly maintain her business
B．Spero is too much engaged in her work
C．Spero has grown out of her bad habit
D．Spero is not in a desperate situation
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
A． Optimistic.
B．Confused.
C．Carefree.
D．Panicked.
53. When mentioning the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range (Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about .
A．gold market
B． real estate
C．stock exchange
D．venture investment
54. Why can many people see silver liningsto the economic slowdown?
A． They would benefit in certain ways.
B．The stock market shows signs of recovery.
C．Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
D．The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A．A new boom, on the horizon.
B．Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
C．Caution all right, panic not.
D．The more ventures, the more chances abandon4 v.①拋棄；②放棄；③放縱，放任
ability15 n.①能力，智能；②才能，才干
admission3 n.①允許進(jìn)入，接納，收容；②承認(rèn)
alarm1 n.①警報(bào)；②驚恐，驚慌；v.①使驚恐，驚動(dòng)，驚嚇；②向...報(bào)警
approach13 v.靠近，接近，鄰近；n.①方法，途徑；②探討
author69 n.①作者；②創(chuàng)始人
bay1 n.海灣，（港）灣
benefit16 n.利益，好處，恩惠；v.①有益于；②（from，by）受益
bonus1 n.獎(jiǎng)金，紅利
boom7 v.①繁榮，興旺；②發(fā)出隆隆聲；n.①繁榮，興?。虎诼÷÷?；③激增
brow1 n.①眉（毛）；②額；③（middle）中檔的，普通的
bubble2 n.泡，水泡，氣泡；v.冒泡，起泡，沸騰
business36 n.①商業(yè)，生意；②事務(wù)，業(yè)務(wù)，職責(zé)；③企業(yè)；④貿(mào)易量；⑤行業(yè)，業(yè)務(wù)
caution4 n.①小心，謹(jǐn)慎；②警告，告誡；v.警告
cautious1 a.（of）小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的
client2 n.①顧客；②（訴訟）委托人
concern20 v.①涉及，關(guān)系到；②（常與with，about，in連用）關(guān)心，掛念；③擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂；n.①（利害）關(guān)系；②關(guān)心，掛念；③擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂
confuse9 v.使混亂，混淆
crucial5 a.至關(guān)重要的，決定性的
current7 n.①電流，水流，氣流；②潮流，趨勢(shì)；a.①當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的；②通用的，流行的，近的
deadly2 a.致命的，致死的
department5 n.①部，局，處，科，部門；②系，學(xué)部
despair2 n.絕望；v.（of）對(duì)...絕望
desperate2 a.①絕望的；②不顧一切的，拼死的
despite5 prep.不管，不顧
economic23 a.經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的
economy29 n.①節(jié)約；②經(jīng)濟(jì)
employer4 n.雇主
engage6 v.①（in）從事，忙于；②（to）與...訂婚；③聘用；④吸引
enhance7 v.提高，增強(qiáng)
estate1 n.地產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)
exchange8 v./n.①（for）交換，調(diào)換，兌換；②交流，交易；③交換臺(tái)，交易所
expert14 n.專家，能手；a.①熟練的，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；②專門的，專家的
folk3 n.人們；a.民間的
gap2 n.間隙，缺口
headline3 n.大字標(biāo)題
horizon3 n.①地平線；②眼界，見識(shí)；③（思想等的）范圍，限度；④（on the ～）即將發(fā)生
influence17 n.①（on）影響，感化；②勢(shì)力，權(quán)勢(shì)；v.影響，感化
ingredient1 n.組成部分，成分
investment11 n.投資，投資額
lag2 v./n.落后（于），滯后（于）
lower9 a.較低的，下級(jí)的，下游的；v.降下，放低
maintain9 v.①維修，保養(yǎng)；②維持，保持；③堅(jiān)持，主張，支持
modest1 a.謙虛的，謙讓的，謙遜的
optimistic6 a.樂觀主義的
outlet2 n.①出路，出口；②發(fā)泄方法，排遣；③經(jīng)銷店
pace3 n.步，步伐；v.踱步
panic2 n.驚慌，恐慌；v.使驚慌，使恐慌
polish1 v.①磨光，擦亮；②使優(yōu)美，潤(rùn)飾；n.擦光劑，上光蠟
potential13 a.潛在的，可能的；n.潛能，潛力
precede2 v.①（于），在（...之前）；②優(yōu)先，先于
prospect7 n.①景色；②前景，前途，展望
purchase4 v.買，購買；n.①購買的物品；②購買
range6 n.①范圍，距離，領(lǐng)域；②排列，連續(xù)；③（山）脈；④爐灶；v.排列成行
rate31 n.①比率，率；②等級(jí)；③價(jià)格，費(fèi)用；v.①估價(jià)；②評(píng)級(jí)，評(píng)價(jià)
recovery4 n.①痊愈，復(fù)元；②（經(jīng)濟(jì)）復(fù)蘇
region3 n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域，范圍
remedy1 n.①藥品；②治療措施，補(bǔ)救辦法；v.①治療，醫(yī)治；②糾正，補(bǔ)救
revenue7 n.財(cái)政收入，稅收
sound7 n.聲音，聲響；v.①發(fā)聲，響；②聽起來；a.①健全的，完好的；②正當(dāng)?shù)?，有根?jù)的；③徹底的，充分的
steady1 a.①穩(wěn)定的，不變的；②堅(jiān)定的，扎實(shí)的；v.（使）穩(wěn)固，（使）穩(wěn)定
stock9 n.①備料，庫存，現(xiàn)貨；②股票，公債；③無生命之物；④群，家庭，家系；v.儲(chǔ)存
sustain5 v.①支撐，撐住；②維持，持續(xù)，經(jīng)受，忍耐
swing2 v.搖擺，搖蕩，回轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)；n.①秋千；②搖擺，擺動(dòng)
temper2 n.①脾氣，情緒；②韌度，回火度；v.調(diào)和，調(diào)節(jié)
toast1 n.①烤面包，吐司；②祝酒（詞）；v.①烘，烤；②祝酒，慶祝
venture2 v.①冒險(xiǎn)，拼；②取于；③大膽表示；n.①冒險(xiǎn)事業(yè)，拼，闖；②商業(yè)投機(jī)
view28 n.①景象，風(fēng)景；②觀點(diǎn)，見解；③觀察，觀看；④眼界；v.看待，觀察，考慮
worth5 n.價(jià)值；a.值得的
broker2 n.經(jīng)紀(jì)人
carefree1 a.無憂無慮的，輕松愉快的，不負(fù)責(zé)的
consumer20 n.消費(fèi)者
dealership1 n.代理權(quán)，經(jīng)銷權(quán)
downscale1 v.縮減...規(guī)模
dreadful2 a.可怕的
frenzy1 n.狂暴，狂怒v.使發(fā)狂，使狂怒
indicator4 n.指示器
investor2 n.投資者
lining1 n.內(nèi)襯，襯里
manicurist1 n.指甲修飾師
mildly2 ad.溫和地，適度地，略微
overbid1 v.出價(jià)過高；n.過高的出價(jià)
predominantly1 ad.占優(yōu)勢(shì)地，主要地，壓倒性地
retailer1 n.零售商人
slowdown2 n.減速
suburban1 a.郊外的，偏遠(yuǎn)的
Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal.But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism.This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories.Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zo Zysman.English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet.Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.
Thus the American president and vice president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush's predecessors (including his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half.Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien and Koizumi).The world's three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters.As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).
Can this merely be coincidence?One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names.So short sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers.At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape.Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.
The humiliation continues.At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.
46. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?
A．A kind of overlooked inequality.
B．A type of conspicuous bias.
C．A type of personal prejudice.
D．A kind of brand discrimination.
47. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A． In both East and West, names are essential to success.
B．The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zo Zysman.
C．Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies names.
D．Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.
48. The 4th paragraph suggests that .
A．questions are often put to the more intelligent students
B．a(chǎn)lphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class
C．teachers should pay attention to all of their students
D．students should be seated according to their eyesight
49. What does the author mean by most people are literally having a ZZZ (Lines 2, Paragraph 5)?
A．They are getting impatient.
B． They are noisily dozing off.
C．They are feeling humiliated.
D．They are busy with word puzzles.
50. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A．People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill treated.
B．VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.
C．The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.
D．Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.
alphabet5 n.字母表
attention14 n.①注意（力），留心；②立正
author69 n.①作者；②創(chuàng)始人
award2 n.獎(jiǎng)（品）；v.授予，獎(jiǎng)給
ballot1 n.選舉票，投票，票數(shù)；vi.投票
bias7 n./v.（使有）偏見，偏心，偏袒
brand2 n.商標(biāo)，標(biāo)記，牌子；v.①使銘記；②打火印，打烙印
campaign4 n.①戰(zhàn)役；②運(yùn)動(dòng)；vi.從事活動(dòng)
ceremony1 n.①典禮，儀式；②禮節(jié)，禮儀
character4 n.①性格，品質(zhì)，特性，特征；②人物，角色；③字符，（漢）字
coincidence2 n.①巧合，巧事；②一致，符合
condemn1 v.①譴責(zé)，指責(zé)；②判刑，宣告有罪
conference3 n.會(huì)議，討論會(huì)
confidence6 n.①（in）信任；②信心，自信；③秘密，機(jī)密
conspicuous1 a.顯眼的，明顯的
directory1 n.人名地址錄，（電話）號(hào)碼簿
doze1 v./n.①瞌睡；②假寐
eliminate5 v.消除
essential11 a.①（to）必要的，必不可少的；②本質(zhì)的，基本的；n.①本質(zhì)，要點(diǎn)；②必需品
eyesight2 n.視力
failure6 n.①失敗，不及格；②失敗者；③故障，失靈；④未能
firm14 a.①堅(jiān)固的，穩(wěn)固的；②堅(jiān)決的，堅(jiān)定的；n.公司，商號(hào)
humiliate1 v.羞辱，使丟臉，恥辱
illegal4 a.不合法的，非法的
illustrate6 v.①舉例說明，闡明；②圖解，加插圖
impatient2 a.不耐煩的，急躁的
individual21 a.①個(gè)人的，單獨(dú)的；②獨(dú)特的；n.個(gè)人，個(gè)體
infant2 n.嬰兒，幼兒
infer21 v.推論，推斷
intelligent4 a.聰明的，明智的
intend15 v.想要，打算，企圖
interview3 v./n.①接見，會(huì)見；②采訪；③面試
junior1 a.①年少的，年幼的；②低年級(jí)的；③后進(jìn)的，下級(jí)的；④［美國(guó)四年制大學(xué)］三年級(jí)的；n.①年少者，低班生；②下級(jí)，晚輩；③（美國(guó)四年制大學(xué)）三年級(jí)學(xué)生
lead21 v.①領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，引導(dǎo)；②，占首位；③（to）通向，導(dǎo)致，引起；④經(jīng)歷，過（生活）；n.帶領(lǐng)，引導(dǎo)；n.鉛
literally2 ad.①照字面意義，逐字地；②確實(shí)；③簡(jiǎn)直，差不多
lower9 a.較低的，下級(jí)的，下游的；v.降下，放低
lucky1 a.幸運(yùn)的，僥幸的
overlook3 v.①看漏，忽略；②俯瞰，眺望；③寬容，放任
phone3 n.電話，電話機(jī)；v.（給...）打電話
plough1 n.犁；v.①犁，耕；②跋涉，鉆研
pose4 v.①造成（困難等）；②提出（問題等），陳述（觀點(diǎn)等）；③擺姿勢(shì)；④假裝，冒充
predecessor1 n.前輩，前任，（被取代的）原有事物
prejudice4 n.①偏見，成見；②損害，侵害；v.抱有（存有）偏見
puzzle4 n.難題，謎，迷惑；v.（使）迷惑，（使）為難
qualification3 n.①資格，合格；②限定，條件；③合格證
rarely4 ad.很少，難得，非常地
recipient2 a.容易接受的，感受性強(qiáng)的；n.①容納者，容器；②接受者
recognize8 v.①認(rèn)出，識(shí)別；②承認(rèn)
result37 n.結(jié)果，成果，成績(jī)；v.①（in）導(dǎo)致，結(jié)果是；②（from）起因于，因...而造成
rot1 v.（使）腐爛，（使）腐敗，腐朽；n.腐爛，胡說
school44 n.①學(xué)校；②（大學(xué)里的）學(xué)院，系；③學(xué)派，流派
seat3 n.①座位，底座；②所在地，場(chǎng)所；v.使坐下，安排座位
speaker6 n.說話人，演講人，揚(yáng)聲器
stick5 n.棍，棒，手杖；v.①刺，戳，扎；②粘合，附著；③堅(jiān)持，固守
striking1 a.顯著的，驚人的
subtle2 a.①精巧的，巧妙的；②細(xì)微的，微妙的
surname3 n.姓
tend26 v.①趨向，往往是；②照料，看護(hù)
theory20 n.①理論，原理；②學(xué)說，見解，看法；③看法，觀點(diǎn)
thrive1 v.興旺，繁榮
thumb1 n.拇指；v.（～ through）翻閱
vice3 n.①邪惡，壞事；②惡習(xí)；③［pl.］臺(tái)鉗，老虎鉗；a.副的
according47 ad.依照，根據(jù)
advantage13 n.優(yōu)勢(shì), 有利條件
alphabetically5 ad.按字母順序地
alphabetism1 n.字母表主義
attendee1 n.出席者，參加者
disadvantage6 n.不利，缺點(diǎn)，劣勢(shì)；v.①使處于不利地位；②損害
discrimination4 n.①識(shí)別力，辨別力；②（against）歧視
election1 n.選舉，當(dāng)選，選擇權(quán)
graduation1 n.畢業(yè)，畢業(yè)典禮，刻度，分等級(jí)
humiliation1 n.羞辱，蒙恥
inequality2 n.不平等，不平均
insensitive3 a.對(duì)...沒有感覺的，感覺遲鈍的
insidious1 a.陰險(xiǎn)的
respectively2 ad.分別地，各個(gè)地
shortlist1 n.后候選人名單
suspiciously1 ad.猜疑著，懷疑著
unaware3 a.不知道的，沒覺察到的
unfairness2 n.不公平
unintentional1 a.不是故意的，無意識(shí)的 難句1
This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.
?。劢Y(jié)構(gòu)分析］
1. 本句主干部分：This...refers to discrimination...；
2. 兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是插入語，是對(duì)說本句話對(duì)象的補(bǔ)充說明；
3. those后面是whose引導(dǎo)的定語從句，修飾those；
［本句難點(diǎn)］插入語對(duì)閱讀速度的影響；
［方法對(duì)策］插入語在第一遍閱讀可以不讀，跳過，直接找出本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)；
［例句精譯］對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其危害的人來說，它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
難句2
One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.
［結(jié)構(gòu)分析］
1. 本句主干部分是：One theory...is + that引導(dǎo)的表語從句；
2. 兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間是過去分詞短語作狀語；
［本句難點(diǎn)］插入語對(duì)閱讀速度的影響；
［方法對(duì)策］閱讀時(shí)可以不讀插入語，直接找出句子主干；the alphabetically disadvantaged：為the+過去分詞，表示某一類人；
［例句精譯］有一種由那些在字母表上列位不佳者閑暇時(shí)構(gòu)幻出來的理論，認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。
46.［答案］ A
［解析］本文談到從小學(xué)排座位時(shí)，姓氏字母靠后的人就被排到了后面。這樣一來，他們被提問及回答問題的機(jī)會(huì)就會(huì)少。日積月累，他們的能力與自信心也比較弱，所以長(zhǎng)大成功的機(jī)會(huì)也相應(yīng)減少，這是一種很隱藏的不公平與歧視，本題首先以汽車公司為例講到了這種暗含的不公平。比如，以A字打頭的出租車公司在電話簿里排在前邊，顧客們會(huì)首先看到，當(dāng)然比Z字打頭的公司占有優(yōu)勢(shì)。故選A：這是一種不公平。而不是B、C、D偏見或歧視。注意，A把原文中的unfairness換成選項(xiàng)中的inequality。
47.［答案］ D
［解析］問題："從頭三段我們可以推論出什么道理？"推理題，選D。A講了名字很重要，并不準(zhǔn)確。因?yàn)楸疚囊婚_始就談到了按字母排列姓氏順序是一種很微妙的歧視與不公平，并未提名字。
48.［答案］ C
［解析］從第四段可知，只能選C，因?yàn)椋篈老師常提問聰明學(xué)生;B姓氏不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常逃課;D學(xué)生應(yīng)該按視力來排座位;均不是文章的意思。
49.［答案］ B
［解析］如果按照字面意思，其實(shí)選項(xiàng)A與B都可以接受，但是按西方習(xí)慣ZZZ是代表打呼嚕的一串符號(hào)，故選B。需要說明的是：考研閱讀文章來自英、美報(bào)刊雜志，如《Newsweek》、《Times》、《USA Today》、《Scientific American》、《Discovery》、《Business Week》等等。文章大致分四類：社會(huì)生活、科普、商業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)和文化教育。所以，多看英、美雜志，了解西方風(fēng)俗民情對(duì)考試也有幫助。
50.［答案］ D
［解析］A：姓N至Z的人常受虐待，文中沒提。B：西方要員從字母表中獲益很多。此題錯(cuò)在哪里呢？他們不是從字母表，而是從人們對(duì)字母表的歧視性用法中獲益。換言之，字母表沒錯(cuò)，是人們用錯(cuò)了。C：本文并未講要淘汰字母表。而只是講了：D使用不當(dāng)會(huì)造成無意中的偏見和歧視。在過去的一個(gè)世紀(jì)里各種各樣的不公和歧視遭到了譴責(zé)或定為非法。但是有一種隱蔽的（歧視）形式還在蔓延：字母主義。對(duì)于尚未意識(shí)到其危害的人來說，它指的是對(duì)那些姓氏首字母位于字母表后半部的人的歧視。
人們?cè)缫阎涝诳蛻舴殡娫挷緯r(shí)，名叫AAAA的出租汽車公司要比Zodiac出租汽車公司有很大的優(yōu)越性。至于在生活方面Adam Abbott較之Zo Zysman的優(yōu)越性就不那么為人所知了。英語的姓氏在字母表的前后兩半部分的分布相當(dāng)平均。但人物的姓氏的首字母在A與K之間的卻多得可疑。
如此這般，美國(guó)的總統(tǒng)和副總統(tǒng)的姓氏分別是以B和C字母起頭；喬治·布什的前任有二十六位（包括其父）的姓氏均在字母表的前半部，而姓氏在字母表后半部的卻僅有十六位。更加令人矚目的是七大富裕強(qiáng)國(guó)政府的首腦中有六位在其姓氏按字母表順序排名時(shí)靠前（Berlusconi，Blair，Bush，Chirac，Chrétien，Koizumi）。世界三大中央銀行行長(zhǎng)（Greenspan，Duisenberg，Hayami）全都接近字母表的上端，三人之中有一人即使用日文也是如此。世界上富有的前五位情況也是如此（Gates，Buffett，Allen，Ellison，Albrecht）。
這僅僅是巧合嗎？有一種由那些在字母表上列位不佳者閑暇時(shí)構(gòu)幻出來的理論，認(rèn)為這種倒霉事老早就開始了。在幼兒學(xué)校第一年之始，老師為了較為容易地記住學(xué)生的名字，就按字母表順序由前往后給學(xué)生排座位。因此近視的小Zysman就被插在了后排，這樣一來，粗心的教師提出的有助于提高的問題就很少會(huì)問到他。這時(shí)，按字母表順序排名靠后的學(xué)生還認(rèn)為他們能逃避老師的問題很幸運(yùn)。然而，（這種情況的）結(jié)果可能就是成績(jī)欠佳，因?yàn)檫@種學(xué)生得到的個(gè)人關(guān)注較少，同時(shí)當(dāng)眾講話時(shí)的信心也不足。
這種委屈繼續(xù)著。在大學(xué)的畢業(yè)典禮上，姓氏首字母是ABC的學(xué)生驕傲地首先領(lǐng)到獎(jiǎng)品；等輪到Zysmans們領(lǐng)獎(jiǎng)品的時(shí)候，大多數(shù)人簡(jiǎn)直都在鼾聲大作了。求職面試、選舉投票、會(huì)議發(fā)言或參加會(huì)議等諸多名單，也是按字母表順序排序，當(dāng)人們費(fèi)勁地向下查看時(shí)，興趣隨之索然。
46. 作者利用AAAA cars和Zodiac汽車公司是為了舉例說明什么?
A．一種被人們忽視的不平等。
B．一種明顯的偏見。
C．一種個(gè)人偏見。
D．一種品牌歧視。
47. 根據(jù)文章的前面三段，我們可以推知什么？
A．不管是在東方或是在西方，名字對(duì)于成功至關(guān)重要。
B．字母表被指責(zé)因?yàn)樗鼘?dǎo)致姓氏靠后者的失敗。
C．消費(fèi)者通常非常注意公司的名字。
D．某種歧視太細(xì)微因而難以辨別。
48. 第四段暗示：
A．老師常提問更聰明的學(xué)生
B．姓氏不占優(yōu)勢(shì)的學(xué)生經(jīng)常逃課
C．老師應(yīng)該關(guān)注所有學(xué)生
D．應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的視力來給他們排座位
49. 作者說most people are literally having a ZZZ（第五段第二行）的意思是什么？
A．他們變得不耐煩。
B．他們正在打瞌睡。
C．他們覺得丟臉。
D．他們忙于做字謎游戲。
50. 根據(jù)本文的觀點(diǎn)，下面哪項(xiàng)正確？
A．以N到Z為姓氏的人經(jīng)常受到虐待。
B．西方國(guó)家的重要人物從字母表中獲得極大的益處。
C．淘汰字母表的運(yùn)動(dòng)仍任重而道遠(yuǎn)。
D．字母表使用不當(dāng)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致無意識(shí)的偏見和歧視。TEXT 3
When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet.But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either.Most of her clients spend ＄12 to ＄50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up.Spero blames the softening economy.I'm a good economic indicator,she says,I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus.I don't know if other clients are going to abandon me, too,she says.
Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves.From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending.For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time.Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace.But don't sound any alarms just yet.Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long term prospects, even as they do some modest belt tightening.
Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good.Home prices are holding steady in most regions.In Manhattan, there's a new gold rush happening in the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,says broker Barbara Corcoran.In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets.Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,says John Deadly, a Bay Area real estate broker.And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.
Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown.Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates.Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market.Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom.Diners might see an upside, too.Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible.Not anymore.For that, Greenspan Co. may still be worth toasting.
51. By Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet(Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means .
A．Spero can hardly maintain her business
B．Spero is too much engaged in her work
C．Spero has grown out of her bad habit
D．Spero is not in a desperate situation
52. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?
A． Optimistic.
B．Confused.
C．Carefree.
D．Panicked.
53. When mentioning the ＄4 million to ＄10 million range (Lines 3, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about .
A．gold market
B． real estate
C．stock exchange
D．venture investment
54. Why can many people see silver liningsto the economic slowdown?
A． They would benefit in certain ways.
B．The stock market shows signs of recovery.
C．Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.
D．The purchasing power would be enhanced.
55. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?
A．A new boom, on the horizon.
B．Tighten the belt, the single remedy.
C．Caution all right, panic not.
D．The more ventures, the more chances abandon4 v.①拋棄；②放棄；③放縱，放任
ability15 n.①能力，智能；②才能，才干
admission3 n.①允許進(jìn)入，接納，收容；②承認(rèn)
alarm1 n.①警報(bào)；②驚恐，驚慌；v.①使驚恐，驚動(dòng)，驚嚇；②向...報(bào)警
approach13 v.靠近，接近，鄰近；n.①方法，途徑；②探討
author69 n.①作者；②創(chuàng)始人
bay1 n.海灣，（港）灣
benefit16 n.利益，好處，恩惠；v.①有益于；②（from，by）受益
bonus1 n.獎(jiǎng)金，紅利
boom7 v.①繁榮，興旺；②發(fā)出隆隆聲；n.①繁榮，興?。虎诼÷÷?；③激增
brow1 n.①眉（毛）；②額；③（middle）中檔的，普通的
bubble2 n.泡，水泡，氣泡；v.冒泡，起泡，沸騰
business36 n.①商業(yè)，生意；②事務(wù)，業(yè)務(wù)，職責(zé)；③企業(yè)；④貿(mào)易量；⑤行業(yè)，業(yè)務(wù)
caution4 n.①小心，謹(jǐn)慎；②警告，告誡；v.警告
cautious1 a.（of）小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的
client2 n.①顧客；②（訴訟）委托人
concern20 v.①涉及，關(guān)系到；②（常與with，about，in連用）關(guān)心，掛念；③擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂；n.①（利害）關(guān)系；②關(guān)心，掛念；③擔(dān)心，擔(dān)憂
confuse9 v.使混亂，混淆
crucial5 a.至關(guān)重要的，決定性的
current7 n.①電流，水流，氣流；②潮流，趨勢(shì)；a.①當(dāng)前的，現(xiàn)在的；②通用的，流行的，近的
deadly2 a.致命的，致死的
department5 n.①部，局，處，科，部門；②系，學(xué)部
despair2 n.絕望；v.（of）對(duì)...絕望
desperate2 a.①絕望的；②不顧一切的，拼死的
despite5 prep.不管，不顧
economic23 a.經(jīng)濟(jì)（上）的，經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的
economy29 n.①節(jié)約；②經(jīng)濟(jì)
employer4 n.雇主
engage6 v.①（in）從事，忙于；②（to）與...訂婚；③聘用；④吸引
enhance7 v.提高，增強(qiáng)
estate1 n.地產(chǎn)，房地產(chǎn)
exchange8 v./n.①（for）交換，調(diào)換，兌換；②交流，交易；③交換臺(tái)，交易所
expert14 n.專家，能手；a.①熟練的，有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的；②專門的，專家的
folk3 n.人們；a.民間的
gap2 n.間隙，缺口
headline3 n.大字標(biāo)題
horizon3 n.①地平線；②眼界，見識(shí)；③（思想等的）范圍，限度；④（on the ～）即將發(fā)生
influence17 n.①（on）影響，感化；②勢(shì)力，權(quán)勢(shì)；v.影響，感化
ingredient1 n.組成部分，成分
investment11 n.投資，投資額
lag2 v./n.落后（于），滯后（于）
lower9 a.較低的，下級(jí)的，下游的；v.降下，放低
maintain9 v.①維修，保養(yǎng)；②維持，保持；③堅(jiān)持，主張，支持
modest1 a.謙虛的，謙讓的，謙遜的
optimistic6 a.樂觀主義的
outlet2 n.①出路，出口；②發(fā)泄方法，排遣；③經(jīng)銷店
pace3 n.步，步伐；v.踱步
panic2 n.驚慌，恐慌；v.使驚慌，使恐慌
polish1 v.①磨光，擦亮；②使優(yōu)美，潤(rùn)飾；n.擦光劑，上光蠟
potential13 a.潛在的，可能的；n.潛能，潛力
precede2 v.①（于），在（...之前）；②優(yōu)先，先于
prospect7 n.①景色；②前景，前途，展望
purchase4 v.買，購買；n.①購買的物品；②購買
range6 n.①范圍，距離，領(lǐng)域；②排列，連續(xù)；③（山）脈；④爐灶；v.排列成行
rate31 n.①比率，率；②等級(jí)；③價(jià)格，費(fèi)用；v.①估價(jià)；②評(píng)級(jí)，評(píng)價(jià)
recovery4 n.①痊愈，復(fù)元；②（經(jīng)濟(jì)）復(fù)蘇
region3 n.地區(qū)，區(qū)域，范圍
remedy1 n.①藥品；②治療措施，補(bǔ)救辦法；v.①治療，醫(yī)治；②糾正，補(bǔ)救
revenue7 n.財(cái)政收入，稅收
sound7 n.聲音，聲響；v.①發(fā)聲，響；②聽起來；a.①健全的，完好的；②正當(dāng)?shù)?，有根?jù)的；③徹底的，充分的
steady1 a.①穩(wěn)定的，不變的；②堅(jiān)定的，扎實(shí)的；v.（使）穩(wěn)固，（使）穩(wěn)定
stock9 n.①備料，庫存，現(xiàn)貨；②股票，公債；③無生命之物；④群，家庭，家系；v.儲(chǔ)存
sustain5 v.①支撐，撐住；②維持，持續(xù)，經(jīng)受，忍耐
swing2 v.搖擺，搖蕩，回轉(zhuǎn)，旋轉(zhuǎn)；n.①秋千；②搖擺，擺動(dòng)
temper2 n.①脾氣，情緒；②韌度，回火度；v.調(diào)和，調(diào)節(jié)
toast1 n.①烤面包，吐司；②祝酒（詞）；v.①烘，烤；②祝酒，慶祝
venture2 v.①冒險(xiǎn)，拼；②取于；③大膽表示；n.①冒險(xiǎn)事業(yè)，拼，闖；②商業(yè)投機(jī)
view28 n.①景象，風(fēng)景；②觀點(diǎn)，見解；③觀察，觀看；④眼界；v.看待，觀察，考慮
worth5 n.價(jià)值；a.值得的
broker2 n.經(jīng)紀(jì)人
carefree1 a.無憂無慮的，輕松愉快的，不負(fù)責(zé)的
consumer20 n.消費(fèi)者
dealership1 n.代理權(quán)，經(jīng)銷權(quán)
downscale1 v.縮減...規(guī)模
dreadful2 a.可怕的
frenzy1 n.狂暴，狂怒v.使發(fā)狂，使狂怒
indicator4 n.指示器
investor2 n.投資者
lining1 n.內(nèi)襯，襯里
manicurist1 n.指甲修飾師
mildly2 ad.溫和地，適度地，略微
overbid1 v.出價(jià)過高；n.過高的出價(jià)
predominantly1 ad.占優(yōu)勢(shì)地，主要地，壓倒性地
retailer1 n.零售商人
slowdown2 n.減速
suburban1 a.郊外的，偏遠(yuǎn)的