考研英語閱讀長句難句300句連載-14

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2004年考研英語閱讀理解Part A
    Text 4
    15. Razitchs latest book,Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of antiintellectualism in our schools,concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.
    「譯文」 萊維西的最新著作《落后:一個世紀學校改革的失敗》探索了學校里反智主義傾向的根源,書中的結(jié)論是:美國學校根本沒有抵制美國人對才學追求的厭惡。
    「析句」 句子的主干是Razitch's latest book… traces the roots…。書名Left Back…是book的同位語,concluding引導的是狀語成分。句中的they指前面的schools.注意concluding…后面的賓語從句中各個詞之間的肯定和否定關(guān)系。
    「講詞」 trace作名詞主要指“痕跡,蹤跡”,作動詞表示“沿著,跟蹤,追溯”。Age has left its traces on her face.(歲月在她臉上留下了痕跡。)
    anything but的意思是“決不,遠非”:I was anything but happy about going.(我根本不喜歡去。)Id rather be anything but ordinary.(我決非愿做一個平凡的人。)
    counterbalance “抗衡”:His wifes calm nature acts as a counterbalance to his excitability.(他妻子的沉著冷靜抵消了他的火爆脾氣。)The girls earnest effort counterbalanced her slowness at learning.(這女孩的刻苦努力彌補了她在學習上的遲鈍。)
    distaste“討厭”:Its a shame that she has a distaste for hard work.(她厭惡干重活,真是丟人?。?BR>    16. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically,to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others,they cannot fully participate in our democracy.
    「譯文」 鼓勵孩子們排斥精神生活使得他們?nèi)菀妆蝗死煤涂刂啤]有能力進行批判性的思考,沒有能力捍衛(wèi)自己的思想并理解他人的思想,他們就不能充分地參與我們的民主。
    「析句」 第一句話的謂語動詞是leaves,動名詞短語充當句子的主語。第二句話中的三個平行的動詞不定式to think critically,to defend their ideas和to understand the ideas of others作ability 的后置定語。
    「講詞」 vulnerable意為“脆弱的,易受打擊的”。We are vulnerable both by water and land,without either fleet or army.(由于沒有艦隊和軍隊,我們在水路和陸路上都易受攻擊。)Women are more vulnerable to domestic violence.(女人更容易受到家庭暴力的侵害。)
    exploitation意為“開發(fā),開采,剝削,利用”。the exploitation of natural resources(自然資源的開發(fā)),ocean exploitation(海洋開發(fā))。The country resented the economic exploitation by the colonists.(這個國家痛恨殖民主義對其所進行的經(jīng)濟剝削。)exploitation的動詞形式是exploit.
    17. “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter in AntiIntellectualism in American life,a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of antiintellectualism in US politics,religion,and education.
    「譯文」 歷史學家理查德。霍夫斯塔特教授在《美國生活中的反智主義》中寫道:“才智被看作是一種權(quán)勢或特權(quán)而遭厭惡?!边@本曾獲普利策獎圖書獎的著作探討了美國政治、宗教和教育中的反智主義的根源。
    「析句」 此句的主語是historian and Professor Richard Hofstadter,謂語是writes,賓語是Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege.in AntiIntellectualism in American life是狀語,a Pulitzer Prize winning book是書名AntiIntellectualism in American life的同位語,介詞短語on the roots of…education修飾book.
    「講詞」 intellect指智力,學習和推理的能力,或?qū)χR的理解力和領(lǐng)悟力,也可指知識分子或有很高理解力的人。同根詞有intelligent(聰明的),intelligence(聰明,智慧),intelligentsia(知識分子總稱),intellectual(知識的,知識分子),intellectualism(知性主義)。所謂“知識產(chǎn)權(quán)”,英文為intellectual property rights.
    18. From the beginning of our history,says Hofstadter,our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.
    「譯文」 霍夫斯塔特說,自我們的歷史之初,我們對民主化和大眾化的渴望就驅(qū)使我們排斥任何帶有精英主義色彩的東西。
    「析句」 這是一個簡單句,句子的成分比較清楚。主語是Hofstadter,謂語是says,賓語是our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.From the beginning of our history是時間狀語。
    「講詞」 populist意為“民粹的,民粹主義者”。populism(民粹主義)是一個與elitism(精英主義)相對的政治概念,前者強調(diào)對民眾的依賴,而后者更重視社會精英(elites)的作用。
    urge作名詞時表示“驅(qū)策,鼓動,沖動,刺激”,例如:I had an urge to see him.(我迫切希望見到他。)democratic and populist urges可以譯為“民主和民粹思想沖動”。
    19. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”
    「譯文」 拉爾夫。瓦爾多。愛默生和其他一些先驗主義哲學家認為學校教育和死啃書本抑制了孩子們的天性?!拔覀儽魂P(guān)在中小學和大學的背誦室里十年或十五年,最后出來時滿腹經(jīng)綸卻什么也不懂?!?BR>    「析句」 理解這句話并不難,但是有些單詞和詞組(或搭配)平時可能不大遇到。transcendentalist意為“先驗論者”或“先驗論的”,schooling等于education(教育),rigorous book learning(拼命學習或死啃書本),unnatural restraints(非自然的束縛),college recitation rooms(大學的背誦教室),a bellying of words(相當于漢語的“一肚子墨水”或“滿腹經(jīng)綸”)。
    「講詞」 restrain是及物動詞,意為“拘束,抑制”:She tried to restrain her surprise from being visible.(她盡量不讓自己的驚奇表露出來。)如要表示在什么方面進行限制,注意restraint(名詞)和restrain(動詞)后面所接的介詞應該是on.restrain的形容詞形式是restrained,類似的一組單詞是restrict(動詞),restriction(名詞),restricted(形容詞,強調(diào)受限)和restrictive(形容詞,強調(diào)是限制性的)。
    20. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”
    「譯文」 霍夫斯塔特說,掌握我們國家教育體系的人“喜不自禁地、咄咄逼人地宣揚對才智的敵視,并且迫不及待地認同那些看來最沒有希望在才智上有造就的孩子。”
    「析句」 本句的主干是Hofstadter says…,其中people后面的who引導一個定語從句who joyfully… promise,而children后面又有一個 who引導的定語從句。
    「講詞」 militant意為“好戰(zhàn)的”或“好戰(zhàn)分子”。The militant youths of the two tribes were blamed for the conflict.(外界認為兩個部族好戰(zhàn)的青年應對這場沖突負責。)
    proclaim意為“宣告,宣布”(announce officially and publicly),其名詞形式為proclamation.
    hostility意為“敵意,對抗”,其復數(shù)形式hostilities常指“敵對的行為”或“戰(zhàn)爭”。例如:Hostilities broke out between the two countries following the border dispute.(在邊境爭端發(fā)生后,兩國爆發(fā)了戰(zhàn)爭。)
    promise除了表示“承諾,許諾”以外,還可表示“預示,暗示”或“(有)希望,(有)前途”。例如:a promise of spring in the milder air(和風預示著春天就要到來),a young player of great promise(一個很有前途的年輕演員。)