考研英語閱讀長句難句300句連載-1

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2006 Part A Text 1
    1. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse,and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture.
    「譯文」 (美國社會出現(xiàn))“服飾和話語趨于平民化的一致,隨意和尊重的缺失”,這樣正是通俗文化的特點。
    「析句」 注意句子的表語是引號中的句子成分,表語實際是三個內容:the democrat-izing uniformity,the casualness和absence of deference.形容詞短語(characteristic of popular culture)是表語的后置定語。對此句的理解在很大程度上取決于對單詞的理解。
    「講詞」 democratize意為“民主化”,本句中意為“平民化”。
    uniformity意為“相同,一致”。Since then,the nation has sought uniformity in education to expand opportunities to all students.(自那時起,國家就致力于向所有的學生提供相同的教育機會。)This procedure has produced gratifying results in achieving uniformity in recommendations and decisions.(這一程序統(tǒng)一了建議和決定,效果令人滿意。)
    discourse表示書面和口頭的表達,因此一般譯成“話語”,語言學的說法是“語篇”。
    casualness表示隨意的態(tài)度、舉止、穿著等。
    deference意為“順從,尊重”。In deference to my friend and colleague Dr. B-rundtland,I wont show those slides at this symposium.(為了以示對我的朋友和同事布倫特蘭博士的尊重,我就不在這次研討會上播放那些幻燈片。)Out of deference to Grandma,the father neglected to tell her that he had become a Christian.(為對尊重奶奶,父親沒有告訴她自己已經信了基督教。)
    2. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are f-ans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks,yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immun-e to the nations assimilative power.”
    「譯文」 羅德里古茲指出,盡管世界邊遠鄉(xiāng)村的孩子崇拜阿諾德。施瓦辛格和加斯。布魯克斯,然而“有些美國人卻擔心生活在美國的移民不知何故不受這個國家同化力量的影響?!?BR>    「析句」 這是一個復合句,yet在句中起轉折作用。
    「講詞」 note意為“注意,記錄,作筆記”,作動詞表示口頭或書面表達他所注意到的事件或觀點,因而有時可以譯成“指出,寫到,注意到,說”等。He noted that many issues had been discussed at the conference.(他說會上討論了許多議題。)
    immune意為“免疫的;免除的;豁免的”。The criminal was told he would be im-mune from punishment if he helped the police.(罪犯被告知,如果他協(xié)助警方就可以免受懲罰。)Small businesses started by the unemployed urban dwellers are immun-e from taxes for a certain period of time.(城市失業(yè)人員經營小本生意在一定時間里可以享受免稅待遇。)The operation of the company will be immune to any outsid-e interference.(公司的運營不會受外界的干擾。)
    3. Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Ind-eed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when view-ed against Americas turbulent past,todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
    「譯文」 美國是否存在分裂社會的問題和極度憤怒的群體?確實存在。美國太大了,什么都會存在。但是,尤其是與美國動蕩的過去相比,今天的社會指數(shù)根本就不說明存在著黑暗和惡化的社會環(huán)境。
    「析句」 此句的難點在于對一些詞語的理解。a bit of everything是一種口語化的表達,意為“什么都有一點”。
    「講詞」 divisive意為“區(qū)分的,分裂的”,divisive issues意為“分裂社會的問題”。
    pocket除了“口袋”之意,還可以表示“孤立的地區(qū),保護區(qū):被隔離的或被保護的小地區(qū)或集團”,在句中應該理解為“社會群體”。
    seething意為“火熱的,沸騰的”,例如:a seething revolutionary struggle(火熱的革命斗爭),a seething flood(滾滾的洪水)。seething anger意為“極度的憤怒”。
    to be viewed against意為“對著……觀察;與……相比;鑒于”。Viewed against his family background,he must have worked hard to become what he is today.(鑒于他的家庭背景,他一定非常努力才有了今日的成就。)
    2006 Part A Text 2 4. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come,not to see the plays,but to look at Anne Hathaways Cottage,Shakespeares birthplace and the other sights.
    「譯文」 另一邊是靠游客謀生的市民,游客來到小鎮(zhèn)不是為了看戲,而是想看看安妮。海瑟薇的房舍、莎士比亞的出生地和其他的風景點。
    「析句」 定語從句(who largely live off the tourists)修飾the townsfolk,而該定語從句的賓語the tourists的后面又跟了另一個定語從句。注意,不能把not to see the plays的主語看作是the townsfolk.
    「講詞」 largely意為“在很大程度上,主要地”。He owed his success largely to the support of his wife.(他的成功在很大程度上應歸于妻子的支持。)
    live off有兩個意思,分別是“住在……外”或“靠……生活”。The family used to live off the small pocket of land they owned.(這家人過去靠著自家的一小塊土地過日子。)Some college students have chosen to live off the campus.(有些學生選擇住在校外。)
    5. It is all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare,who earns their living,was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noisemaking.
    「譯文」 他們是靠莎士比亞過日子,而莎士比亞自己就是一位演員(留著胡子),當初也是吵吵嚷嚷的,想到這些不無諷刺的意味。
    「析句」 這是一個主從復合句,主句是Its all deliciously ironic.另外,非限制性定語從句who earns their living修飾Shakespeare,其字面意思是:莎士比亞掙錢養(yǎng)活他們,即他們靠莎士比亞過日子。
    「講詞」 ironic意為“諷刺的,說反話的;有諷刺意味的”。Ironically,even the government was aware of the situation.(具有諷刺意味的是,甚至連政府都清楚這一情況。)
    share作名詞時表示“分享;份額;一份;股份”,句中did his share of noisemaking字面意思是他也制造他那一份噪音,即莎士比亞當初也是吵吵嚷嚷的,像現(xiàn)在的演員一樣。
    6. The sightseers who come by bus—and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side—dont usually see the plays,and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford.
    「譯文」 坐著大巴來的觀光客,雖然經常順便看看沃爾威克城堡和布倫海姆宮,一般都不是來看戲,其中有些人看到斯特拉福德竟然一家劇院甚至驚訝不已。
    「析句」 全句是由兩個分句組成,在第一個句子的主干結構是The sightseers… dont usually see the plays.定語從句(who come by bus)是修飾主語The sightseers,而破折號中間的成分是對定語從句的補充。some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford是第二個分句。
    「講詞」 take in的詞義較多,可以表示“接受,接待,吸收,理解,包括,輕信,注意到,欺騙”,在句中的意思是“游覽,觀光”。
    on the side意為“兼職;另外”。He did some accounting on the side.(他還人幫人做會計。)
    7. It is the playgoers,the RSC contends,who bring in much of the towns revenue because they spend the night(some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants.
    「譯文」 皇家莎士比亞戲劇公司說,游客給小鎮(zhèn)帶來了很大一部分收入,因為他們過夜(有些人甚至住上四五夜),把大把的錢花在旅館和餐館。
    「析句」 這是一個因果復合句。主句的正常語序是The RSC contends it is the playgoers…。從句(who bring in much of the towns revenue)是the playgoers的定語。
    「講詞」 contend意為“競爭;奮爭;主張;聲明”。The defense contended that the evidence was inadmissible.(被告方聲稱證據(jù)是不可接受的。)I had to contend with long lines before I could get a taxi at the airport.(我在機場必須排著長隊才上了一出租車。)Hilary Clinton may contend in the 2008 presidential race against a Republican.(希拉里??死镱D會在2008年的總統(tǒng)選舉中與一位共和黨人一爭高下。)
    bring in意為“引進;帶來;生產”。How much did the sideline bring the farmer family in last year?(去年副業(yè)使這家農戶增加了多少收入?)The sale brought us in over $1,000.(那筆買賣使我們賺了一千多美元。)
    8. Hilton is building its own hotel there,which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,and will be very expensive.
    「譯文」 希爾頓正在那里建造自己的飯店,你可以肯定飯店會裝修哈姆萊特漢堡吧、李爾王廳、班戈宴會廳等等之類,而且消費水平會非常高。
    「析句」 全句的主干結構是Hilton is building its own hotel there,which引導的非限制性定語從句包含兩個并列的謂語成分以修飾its own hotel,其中you may be sure是插入語。注意Hamlet Hamburger Bars,the Lear Lounge,the Banquo Banqueting Room,and so forth,希爾頓飯店肯定會在店內以哈姆萊特、李爾王和班戈等來命名其酒吧、大廳和餐廳等。
    「講詞」 expensive在句中是修飾希爾頓,即Hilton is very expensive,意思是指希爾頓的消費水平很高。再如:Tokyo is expensive不能譯“東京很貴”,而應該譯成“東京的消費(水平)很高?!?BR>    9. They all seem to look alike(though they come from all over)—lean,pointed,dedicated faces,wearing jeans and sandals,eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standingroom tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10∶30 a.m.
    「譯文」 他們長相一樣(盡管他們來自四面八方)——瘦削、專注的面孔,穿著牛仔服和涼鞋,啃著面包,在劇院外的石板臺階上席地而臥,等著購買20張坐票和80張站票,這些戲票是劇院會為席地而臥的人預備,并在早晨10∶30向他們出售。
    「析句」 句子的主干結構是They all seem to look alike,括號中的成分(though they come from all over)是插入的條件從句。破折號后面的成分是全句的狀語,之所以用破折號是因為作者想對主語(they,即the young people)進一步加以說明。
    細分起來,狀語分為兩大部分:一是描繪他們的長相、穿著和吃住,二是說明他們的目的(購票)。前一部分包括四個方面的內容:一是(with) lean,pointed,dedicated faces,二是wearing jeans and sandals,三是eating their buns,四是bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre.
    而在目的狀語中,when the box office opens at 10∶30 a.m.是一個時間狀語從句,兩個過去分詞結構(held for the sleepers和sold to them)修飾the 20 seats and 80 standingroom tickets.
    「講詞」 pointed意為“尖的,尖削的”,a pointed nose(尖鼻子),a pointed face(尖臉)。
    dedicated意為“專注的,一心一意的”。He is a dedicated musician.(他是一富有獻身精神的音樂家。)be dedicated to,dedicate oneself to和dedicate ones life to都有“獻身于……”的意思。注意dedicate還有“捐贈;獻”的意思。Id like to dedicate the book to my parents.(我想把這本書獻給我的父母。)