2004 Part B
21. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
「譯文」 希臘人認(rèn)為,語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識到語言的千差萬別之前早就已在歐洲扎下了根。
「析句」 本句包含一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。句子的主語為The Greeks,謂語是assumed, that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾這個(gè)賓語從句。在 which從句中,how diverse language could be是realized的賓語從句。注意本句中 which指代前面的句子,應(yīng)譯為“這一觀點(diǎn)”,some在此處應(yīng)譯為“某種”,而不是“一些”。
「講詞」 assume意為“假定,采取,呈現(xiàn),承擔(dān)”,在句中的意思是“認(rèn)為”。I assume you always get up at the same time.(我猜想你總是在同一個(gè)時(shí)間起床。)The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.(物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)總是表現(xiàn)為一定的形式。)He is soon to assume the CEO of the company.(他很快就要擔(dān)任公司的首席執(zhí)行官。)
take root意為“扎根”。Extreme sports have taken root in China.(極限運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在中國扎下了根。)
22. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
「譯文」 我們感激他們,因?yàn)樵诖酥?,由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言,因而這些語言中有一部分已經(jīng)消失了。
「析句」 句子的主干為We are obliged to them.because引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語從句,其中又包含一個(gè)由as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。在as從句里,主語是the people,后面跟著三個(gè)由不同的謂語動(dòng)詞組成的并列結(jié)構(gòu):died out,became assimilated和lost their native languages.
「講詞」 be obliged to意為“感激”。I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.(我很感謝你的熱情好客。)此外,oblige可以表示“迫使,責(zé)成,幫助”。They obliged us by arriving early.(他們早早就來了,真是幫了我們大忙。)
vanish意為“消失,消亡”。It's like she just vanished in thin air.(她好像憑空消失了似的。)
die out意為“滅絕,消亡”。That tradition died out a long time ago.(那個(gè)傳統(tǒng)早就消亡了。)
assimilate意為“吸收,同化”。We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others.(我們對某些種類的食物比別的食物容易吸收。)The U. S. A. has assimilated people from many European countries.(美國同化了許多來自歐洲國家的移民。)
23. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
「譯文」 這些新近被描述的各種語言與經(jīng)過充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語言是如此顯著地不同,以至于一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾編造了資料。
「析句」 主句是The newly described… Asia,后面跟that從句so… that…是一種典型的結(jié)果狀語從句。
對于不了解語言學(xué)的同學(xué)來說,理解the newly described languages可能比較困難。語言學(xué)中有一分支叫descriptive linguistics(描述語言學(xué)),這種學(xué)科只對語言進(jìn)行描述性的研究。因此,the newly described languages就可以譯成剛被描述的語言。
「講詞」 strikingly different意為“明顯不同”,類似的說法還有markedly different或obviously different.well studied languages用英文解釋是languages that have been studied well,即語言本身已經(jīng)被研究得很深很透了。
fabricate意為“制作,構(gòu)成,捏造,偽造,虛構(gòu)”,例如:They fabricated evidence and threatened witnesses.(他們偽造證據(jù)并威脅目擊者。)fabricate的名詞形式是fabrication.She explained that it is a sheer fabrication that the EU has banned the exports of Chinas soy sauce.(她解釋說,所謂歐盟已經(jīng)禁止進(jìn)口中國醬油的說法是一個(gè)彌天大謊。)
24. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
「譯文」 沃爾夫?qū)φZ言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn):在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
「析句」 此句的主干為Whorf developed the idea,現(xiàn)在分詞短語“Being interested in the relationship of language and thought”作狀語,從句that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society是the idea的同位語,說明是什么樣的idea.
「講詞」 idea這里意為“想法,設(shè)想,思想”。Just a few years ago,the idea of having a computer in ones home seemed impossible for most Chinese.(幾年前,對大多數(shù)中國人來說,在家里有一臺(tái)電腦的想法是不大可能的。)to develop an idea意為to form an idea,注意develop暗指有個(gè)過程,所以譯成“形成”比較合適。habitual意為“習(xí)慣性的”,例如:habitual lying(習(xí)慣性撒謊),a habitual criminal(慣犯),a habitual sight in winter(冬季的一個(gè)尋常的景致),habitual thought(習(xí)慣思維)。
25.Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
「譯文」 沃爾夫進(jìn)而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點(diǎn),其極端說法是:語言禁錮思維,語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
「析句」 句子的主干為Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism.which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,修飾linguistic determinism.在由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞states跟了兩個(gè)賓語從句,一是that language imprisons the mind,一是and that the grammatical patterns…society.注意:句中imprison the mind不能譯成“把大腦(或思想)關(guān)進(jìn)牢房”,只能譯成“禁錮思想(或思維)”。
「講詞」 a sort of與a kind of的意思一樣,如用在形容詞前一般譯為“有一點(diǎn)”或“有幾分”,如用在名詞前可譯為“某種”。a kind of magic(某種魔術(shù)或魔力)。
far reaching意為“深遠(yuǎn)的”,far reaching consequences算是一個(gè)常用的搭配,但是注意consequence往往表示“后果”,即不一定是好的結(jié)果。“深遠(yuǎn)的影響”或“深遠(yuǎn)的意義”,常用farreaching significance來表示。
21. The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought,which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse language could be.
「譯文」 希臘人認(rèn)為,語言結(jié)構(gòu)與思維過程之間存在著某種聯(lián)系。這一觀點(diǎn)在人們尚未認(rèn)識到語言的千差萬別之前早就已在歐洲扎下了根。
「析句」 本句包含一個(gè)非限制性定語從句。句子的主語為The Greeks,謂語是assumed, that引導(dǎo)一個(gè)賓語從句,而which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句修飾這個(gè)賓語從句。在 which從句中,how diverse language could be是realized的賓語從句。注意本句中 which指代前面的句子,應(yīng)譯為“這一觀點(diǎn)”,some在此處應(yīng)譯為“某種”,而不是“一些”。
「講詞」 assume意為“假定,采取,呈現(xiàn),承擔(dān)”,在句中的意思是“認(rèn)為”。I assume you always get up at the same time.(我猜想你總是在同一個(gè)時(shí)間起床。)The motion of matter always assumes certain forms.(物質(zhì)的運(yùn)動(dòng)總是表現(xiàn)為一定的形式。)He is soon to assume the CEO of the company.(他很快就要擔(dān)任公司的首席執(zhí)行官。)
take root意為“扎根”。Extreme sports have taken root in China.(極限運(yùn)動(dòng)已經(jīng)在中國扎下了根。)
22. We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished,as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages.
「譯文」 我們感激他們,因?yàn)樵诖酥?,由于說這些語言的部族或是消亡了,或是被同化而喪失了自己的本族語言,因而這些語言中有一部分已經(jīng)消失了。
「析句」 句子的主干為We are obliged to them.because引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語從句,其中又包含一個(gè)由as引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。在as從句里,主語是the people,后面跟著三個(gè)由不同的謂語動(dòng)詞組成的并列結(jié)構(gòu):died out,became assimilated和lost their native languages.
「講詞」 be obliged to意為“感激”。I am obliged to you for your gracious hospitality.(我很感謝你的熱情好客。)此外,oblige可以表示“迫使,責(zé)成,幫助”。They obliged us by arriving early.(他們早早就來了,真是幫了我們大忙。)
vanish意為“消失,消亡”。It's like she just vanished in thin air.(她好像憑空消失了似的。)
die out意為“滅絕,消亡”。That tradition died out a long time ago.(那個(gè)傳統(tǒng)早就消亡了。)
assimilate意為“吸收,同化”。We assimilate some kinds of food more easily than others.(我們對某些種類的食物比別的食物容易吸收。)The U. S. A. has assimilated people from many European countries.(美國同化了許多來自歐洲國家的移民。)
23. The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data.
「譯文」 這些新近被描述的各種語言與經(jīng)過充分研究的歐洲和東南亞的語言是如此顯著地不同,以至于一些學(xué)者甚至指責(zé)博厄斯和薩皮爾編造了資料。
「析句」 主句是The newly described… Asia,后面跟that從句so… that…是一種典型的結(jié)果狀語從句。
對于不了解語言學(xué)的同學(xué)來說,理解the newly described languages可能比較困難。語言學(xué)中有一分支叫descriptive linguistics(描述語言學(xué)),這種學(xué)科只對語言進(jìn)行描述性的研究。因此,the newly described languages就可以譯成剛被描述的語言。
「講詞」 strikingly different意為“明顯不同”,類似的說法還有markedly different或obviously different.well studied languages用英文解釋是languages that have been studied well,即語言本身已經(jīng)被研究得很深很透了。
fabricate意為“制作,構(gòu)成,捏造,偽造,虛構(gòu)”,例如:They fabricated evidence and threatened witnesses.(他們偽造證據(jù)并威脅目擊者。)fabricate的名詞形式是fabrication.She explained that it is a sheer fabrication that the EU has banned the exports of Chinas soy sauce.(她解釋說,所謂歐盟已經(jīng)禁止進(jìn)口中國醬油的說法是一個(gè)彌天大謊。)
24. Being interested in the relationship of language and thought,Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society.
「譯文」 沃爾夫?qū)φZ言與思維的關(guān)系很感興趣,逐漸形成了這樣的觀點(diǎn):在一個(gè)社會(huì)中,語言的結(jié)構(gòu)決定習(xí)慣思維的結(jié)構(gòu)。
「析句」 此句的主干為Whorf developed the idea,現(xiàn)在分詞短語“Being interested in the relationship of language and thought”作狀語,從句that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society是the idea的同位語,說明是什么樣的idea.
「講詞」 idea這里意為“想法,設(shè)想,思想”。Just a few years ago,the idea of having a computer in ones home seemed impossible for most Chinese.(幾年前,對大多數(shù)中國人來說,在家里有一臺(tái)電腦的想法是不大可能的。)to develop an idea意為to form an idea,注意develop暗指有個(gè)過程,所以譯成“形成”比較合適。habitual意為“習(xí)慣性的”,例如:habitual lying(習(xí)慣性撒謊),a habitual criminal(慣犯),a habitual sight in winter(冬季的一個(gè)尋常的景致),habitual thought(習(xí)慣思維)。
25.Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which,in its strongest form,states that language imprisons the mind,and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far reaching consequences for the culture of a society.
「譯文」 沃爾夫進(jìn)而相信某種類似語言決定論的觀點(diǎn),其極端說法是:語言禁錮思維,語言的語法結(jié)構(gòu)能對一個(gè)社會(huì)的文化產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)的影響。
「析句」 句子的主干為Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism.which引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句,修飾linguistic determinism.在由which引導(dǎo)的定語從句中,謂語動(dòng)詞states跟了兩個(gè)賓語從句,一是that language imprisons the mind,一是and that the grammatical patterns…society.注意:句中imprison the mind不能譯成“把大腦(或思想)關(guān)進(jìn)牢房”,只能譯成“禁錮思想(或思維)”。
「講詞」 a sort of與a kind of的意思一樣,如用在形容詞前一般譯為“有一點(diǎn)”或“有幾分”,如用在名詞前可譯為“某種”。a kind of magic(某種魔術(shù)或魔力)。
far reaching意為“深遠(yuǎn)的”,far reaching consequences算是一個(gè)常用的搭配,但是注意consequence往往表示“后果”,即不一定是好的結(jié)果。“深遠(yuǎn)的影響”或“深遠(yuǎn)的意義”,常用farreaching significance來表示。