《考研英語難句突破300句》22

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2003 Part A Text 4
    18. Failing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure.
    「譯文」 髖骨不行了可以更換,臨床的憂郁癥可以得到控制,白內(nèi)障僅用30分鐘手術(shù)便可以切除。
    「析句」 controlled和removed的前面省略了can be.不要把clinical depression controlled和cataracts removed in a 30minute surgical procedure看成獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu),其實兩個逗號連接的是三個平行部分。
    「講詞」 depression意為“(物理作用所導(dǎo)致的)下陷處,(氣候的)低壓,(情緒的)壓抑,(經(jīng)濟的)不景氣”。
    surgical意為“外科的,手術(shù)的”,例如:a surgical operation(外科手術(shù))。相關(guān)的同根詞有surgeon(外科醫(yī)生),surgery(外科,外科學(xué),手術(shù)室,診療室)。注意a surgical operation也有“精準(zhǔn)打擊”的意思。
    19. Shielded by third-party payers from the cost of our care,we demand everything that can possibly be done for us,even if it's useless.
    「譯文」 由于醫(yī)療費用由第三方支付,我們常常要求用盡所有的醫(yī)療手段,即使它們不會有任何作用。
    「析句」 本句的主干是we demand everything.everything的后面緊跟了一個由that引導(dǎo)的定語從句,主句前面的句子成分(Shielded by… care)是過去分詞短語作狀語。主句后面的成分是even if引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。實際上,這句話等于:As we are shielded by thirdparty payers from the cost of our care, we demand everything that can possibly be done for us, even if it's useless.
    「講詞」 shield最早的含義是“盾牌”,然后轉(zhuǎn)而表示“防御物,保護(hù)物”或“保護(hù)”: human shield(人體盾牌)。He shielded his eyes from the sun.(他把手放在眼前遮住太陽光。) 此句中的shielded意為protected(被保護(hù))。
    party除了表示“黨派”之外,還可以表示“方”,如法律的甲方乙方(Party A and Party B)。第三方英語是the third party.
    20. Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified.
    「譯文」 內(nèi)科醫(yī)生由于不能治愈疾病,同時又擔(dān)心病人失去希望,常常采用極端大膽的治療方法,這些方法遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出了科學(xué)能夠認(rèn)同的界限。
    「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Physicians…offer aggressive treatment,兩個破折號之間是一個過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu),作Physicians的定語。介詞beyond之后跟了一個賓語從句,構(gòu)成介賓結(jié)構(gòu),修飾treatment.
    「講詞」 frustrate意為“挫敗,阻撓,使感到灰心,阻止”。例如:A poor memory frustrated her efforts to become an actress.(糟糕的記憶力阻礙了她成為演員。) The police frustrated their attempt to rob the bank.(警察挫敗了他們搶劫銀行的企圖。)
    frustrated是形容詞,意為“挫敗的;失意的;泄氣的”。The child was feeling frustrated because he had to take piano lessons when his friends were playing outside.(這孩子感到很沮喪,因為他必須學(xué)鋼琴,而他的朋友們都在外面玩。)
    21. I also know that people in Japan and Sweden,countries that spend far less on medical care,have achieved longer,healthier lives than we have.
    「譯文」 我也知道在日本和瑞典這些醫(yī)療開銷少得多的國家里,人們獲得了比我們更長的壽命和更健康的生活。
    「析句」 本句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是I know that,that后面跟了一個完整的賓語從句。從句主語是people,謂語動詞是have achieved,countries作Japan和Sweden的同位語。that spend far less on medical care是一個定語從句,修飾countries.
    「講詞」 achieve意為“取得,達(dá)到”,其名詞是achievement“成就,做成的事情”。例如:Be proud of what you've achieved.(為你取得的成就自豪吧?。㎞egotiations about key issues at the ongoing World Summit on Sustainable Development(WSSD) have achieved substantial progress.(在正在進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性發(fā)展世界首腦會議上,就一些關(guān)鍵性問題所進(jìn)行的談判取得了實質(zhì)性的進(jìn)展。)