《考研英語(yǔ)難句突破300句》27

字號(hào):

2002 Part A Text 4
    18. The Supreme Court's decisions on physician assisted suicide carry important implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering.
    「譯文」 法庭關(guān)于醫(yī)生協(xié)助病人結(jié)束生命問(wèn)題的裁決,對(duì)如何用藥物減輕病危者的痛苦具有重要的意義。
    「析句」 要理解本句,一定要抓住它的核心成分。全句的主語(yǔ)是The Supreme Court's decisions,謂語(yǔ)是carry,賓語(yǔ)是important implications,后面有一個(gè)how引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 assist的意思就是help(幫助),記住常用的搭配是to assist sb in doing sth和to assist sb by doing sth.例如:The clerk assisted the judge by looking up related precedents.(這位書(shū)記官協(xié)助那位法官查閱有關(guān)判例。)The boy assisted the blind man in crossing the street.(男孩幫助盲人過(guò)馬路。)在體育比賽中, assist表示“助攻”。
    relieve意為“減輕,解除,援救,救濟(jì),換班”。The medicine is supposed to relieve your pains.(這藥應(yīng)該能夠減緩你的病痛。)常用結(jié)構(gòu)relieve sb of sth表示“解除某人的……”。He was relieved of his job.(他遭到了解職。)
    19. Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physician assisted suicide,the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect,” a centuries old moral principle holding that an action having two effects—a good one that is intended and a harmful one that is foreseen—is permissible if the actor intends only the good effect.
    「譯文」 盡管法庭裁定,憲法沒(méi)有賦予醫(yī)生幫助病人自殺的權(quán)利,然而它實(shí)際上認(rèn)可了醫(yī)療界的“雙效”原則,這個(gè)存在了好幾個(gè)世紀(jì)的道德原則認(rèn)為,某種行為具有雙重效果(一個(gè)是意圖達(dá)到的好效果,一個(gè)是可以預(yù)見(jiàn)的壞效果),那么,如果行為實(shí)施者只是想達(dá)到好的效果,這個(gè)行為就是可以允許的。
    「析句」 該句是一個(gè)復(fù)雜句。主句是the Court in effect supported the medical principle of “double effect”,although引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語(yǔ)從句。a centuries old moral principle… good effect是principle of double effect的同位語(yǔ)。在同位語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞holding又帶了一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句。
    「講詞」 rule作動(dòng)詞時(shí)可以表示“裁決”,其名詞形式是ruling.另外,應(yīng)該記住 rule out這個(gè)詞組,它表示“避免,排除,否決”。例如:The snowstorm ruled out their weekly meeting.(暴風(fēng)雪使他們一周一次的會(huì)議無(wú)法舉行。)The option of starting over has been ruled out.(“重新開(kāi)始”這種選擇已被排除。)
    20. Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center,contends that the principle will shield doctors who “until now have very,very strongly insisted that they could not give patients sufficient mediation to control their pain if that might hasten death.”
    「譯文」 蒙特非奧里醫(yī)療中心主任南希·杜布勒認(rèn)為,這項(xiàng)原則將保護(hù)部分醫(yī)生,“他們?cè)诖酥耙恢眻?jiān)持認(rèn)為,如果會(huì)加速病人的死亡,他們就不會(huì)給病人提供充分的藥品來(lái)控制他們的病痛”。
    「析句」 該句的主語(yǔ)是Nancy Dubler,director of Montefiore Medical Center是其同位語(yǔ)。句子的謂語(yǔ)是contends,后面有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,而這個(gè)從句的賓語(yǔ)又包含一個(gè)由who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
    「講詞」 contend主要表示“競(jìng)爭(zhēng),爭(zhēng)取”,競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者是contender,例如:He was a strong contender in the election.(他在選舉中是一位有力的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者。)contend還可表示“爭(zhēng)論;辯論;聲稱(chēng)”,在此情況下與argue,assert,maintain等意思相同。The man contended that it was not his fault.(那人爭(zhēng)辯說(shuō)這不是他的過(guò)錯(cuò)。)The official in the tax office contended that the shopkeeper was innocent.(稅務(wù)所的官員認(rèn)為該店主是無(wú)罪的。)
    21. On another level,many in the medical community acknowledge that the assisted suicide debate has been fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical agony of dying.
    「譯文」 另一方面,許多醫(yī)療界人士承認(rèn),致使醫(yī)助自殺這場(chǎng)爭(zhēng)論升溫的部分原因是由于病人們的絕望情緒,對(duì)這些病人來(lái)說(shuō),現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)延長(zhǎng)了臨終前肉體的痛苦。
    「析句」 該句的主語(yǔ)是many,謂語(yǔ)是acknowledge承認(rèn),后面有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句,用的是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),而其中由by引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ)后面又有一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句for whom… of dying來(lái)修飾前面的patients.本句閱讀的重點(diǎn)在于理清句子主干結(jié)構(gòu)。
    「講詞」 level作名詞時(shí)表示“水平,水平面,水準(zhǔn),標(biāo)準(zhǔn),級(jí)別”,如:the local level of government(地方政府)。句中on another level表示“在另一方面”或“在另一個(gè)層次”。注意,on the level表示“誠(chéng)實(shí)地,直率地”。
    fuel作名詞時(shí)表示“燃料”,作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“加燃料”,延伸意為“激發(fā)”,有火上澆油之意。Fueled by anger over the governments policy,the opposition organized a nationwide protest.(反對(duì)派對(duì)政府的政策大為光火,他們組織了全國(guó)性的*活動(dòng)。)
    prolong意為“延長(zhǎng),拖延”。The delegation decided to prolong their visit by one week.(代表團(tuán)決定把訪問(wèn)延長(zhǎng)一個(gè)星期。)