《考研英語難句突破300句》36

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2000 Passage 2
    5. The grand mediocrity of today — everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring — means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper middle class India compared to the tribes.
    「譯文」 今天這種極其顯著的平均化——每個(gè)人的生存機(jī)會和子女?dāng)?shù)量都相同——意味著,與部落相比較,自然選擇在印度中上階層已經(jīng)失去了80%的效力。
    「析句」 該句的主語是The grand mediocrity,謂語是means,其后跟著that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,其中compared to the tribes是過去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語,完整的說法是if/when it (the natural selection) is compared to the tribes.破折號中間的成分(everyone… of offspring)是插入語,其中survival和number of offspring都是介詞in的賓語。
    「講詞」 mediocrity意為“平常,平庸”或指“平常的人,平庸的人”。其形容詞是 mediocre(平庸,平凡,普通)。When something is distinctly not as good as it could be, it is mediocre.(要是某個(gè)東西沒有明顯的好壞之處,那肯定是一個(gè)平庸的東西。)結(jié)合插入語(破折號里的詞語),可以確定the grand mediocrity of today是指每個(gè)人的生存機(jī)會和后代的數(shù)量相同,因此這個(gè)詞組可以譯為“今天這種很普遍的平均化”。
    offspring有子女的意思,但在這里建議譯成“后代”,因?yàn)轱@然難以確定只是指一代人。
    6. Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution: they “l(fā)ook at an organic being as a savage looks at a ship,as at something wholly beyond his comprehension.”
    「譯文」 達(dá)爾文有一句話描述那些對進(jìn)化一無所知的人:他們“看待有機(jī)的生命如同野人看著一艘大船,以為是某個(gè)完全不能理解的東西”。
    「析句」 Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution是主句,冒號后的句子是主句中a phrase的同位語。該同位語從句中的結(jié)構(gòu)是A does something as B does something.注意句尾的his指代前面的a savage.beyond his comprehension意思是說超出了他的理解范圍。
    「講詞」 ignorant意為“無知的,愚昧的”。例如:an ignorant mistake(愚昧的錯(cuò)誤)。如果表示對什么無知,需用固定搭配to be ignorant of.Some people in the West are ignorant of what China is now.(西方有些人對中國的現(xiàn)狀視而不見。)
    beyond通常作介詞,表示“在……以外”。The villagers asked for nothing beyond peace and quiet.(那些村民除了平安和平靜外一無所求。)注意beyond可以作名詞。 Sputnik is the first satellite to enter the great beyond of space.(蘇聯(lián)人造地球衛(wèi)星是進(jìn)入未知空間的第一顆人造衛(wèi)星。)