《考研英語(yǔ)難句突破300句》38

字號(hào):

2000 Passage 4
    13. Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.
    「譯文」 戰(zhàn)后日本的生產(chǎn)率和社會(huì)的和諧為美國(guó)和歐洲所稱羨,因此漫無(wú)目標(biāo)根本就算不上是戰(zhàn)后日本的特色。
    「析句」 注意句子的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan,而定語(yǔ)從句(whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe)修飾the postwar Japan.由于定語(yǔ)太長(zhǎng),因此在翻譯時(shí)適當(dāng)調(diào)整了句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。
    「講詞」 envy意為“羨慕,嫉妒”,它既可以作動(dòng)詞又可以作名詞,在本句中作名詞。 If the rumors prove true,Jay will be the envy of Taiwanese men.(如果謠言屬實(shí),周杰倫將成為臺(tái)灣男人羨慕的對(duì)象。)Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990,an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.(馬丁尼說(shuō)這一數(shù)字也許從90年代以來(lái)進(jìn)一步下降,這一成就使得它(巴西)成為許多其他第三世界國(guó)家羨慕的對(duì)象。)
    14. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japan's rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
    「譯文」 戰(zhàn)后嬰兒潮(出生高峰期)的到來(lái)及婦女進(jìn)入男性主宰的就業(yè)市場(chǎng),限制了青少年的發(fā)展機(jī)遇,他們已經(jīng)開(kāi)始質(zhì)疑在進(jìn)好學(xué)校、找好工作,攀登日本等級(jí)森嚴(yán)的社會(huì)階梯的過(guò)程中所付出的巨大的個(gè)人犧牲是否值得。
    「析句」 本句的主語(yǔ)是The coming… and an entry,謂語(yǔ)是have limited,賓語(yǔ)是 the opportunities of teen-agers,而who are… schools and jobs是賓語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句,該從句中involved in… schools and jobs又是personal sacrifices的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 dominate意為“控制,占優(yōu)勢(shì)”。Successful leaders dominate events rather than react to them.(成功的是事先控制事件而不是事后才做反應(yīng)。) Ambition dominated his life.(他的生活受野心驅(qū)使。)
    questioning的意思是“質(zhì)問(wèn),質(zhì)疑”。
    15. Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister,raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War Ⅱ had weakened the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”.
    「譯文」 去年,時(shí)任教育大臣的瀨戶光夫提出二戰(zhàn)后美國(guó)占領(lǐng)*引進(jìn)的自由改革削弱了“日本人尊敬父母的道德觀”,一時(shí)間輿論嘩然。
    「析句」 本句主語(yǔ)是Mitsuo Setoyama(瀨戶光夫),從句who was then education minister是其定語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)是raised eyebrows.when he argued that…是全句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句,其中that引導(dǎo)的從句是argued的賓語(yǔ),該賓語(yǔ)從句中主語(yǔ)是liberal reforms,謂語(yǔ)是had weakened,賓語(yǔ)是the “Japanese morality of respect for parents”, introduced by the American occupation authorities after World War II是liberal reforms的定語(yǔ)。
    「講詞」 raise eyebrows字面意思是“揚(yáng)起眉毛”,但其實(shí)際意思是“引起不滿”。The plan initiated by the government raised eyebrows in the country.(政府推行的計(jì)劃引起了國(guó)人的不滿。)
    16. With economic growth has come centralization; fully 76 percent of Japan's 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,two generation households.
    「譯文」 隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,居住呈集中化。日本的人口為1.19億,其中足有76%住在城市,在那里社區(qū)和幾世同堂的大家庭已經(jīng)成為過(guò)去,而取而代之的是單門獨(dú)戶的兩代之家。
    「析句」 全句由兩個(gè)并列的分句組成,由分號(hào)隔開(kāi)。在第一分句中,主干是With economic growth has come centralization,是一個(gè)倒裝結(jié)構(gòu),正常的詞序是 Centralization has come with economic growth.在第二個(gè)分句中,in cities是狀語(yǔ),其后面跟了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated,twogeneration households)。
    「講詞」 centralization意為“集中化”,在句中指家庭成員減少,即一般的家庭都是 nuclear family(核心家庭),家庭成員只是父母加子女。與nuclear family相對(duì)的概念是extended family(擴(kuò)大家庭),即家庭成員至少包括三代人。
    community通常譯為“社區(qū)”,也可表示“社會(huì)”,如international community(國(guó)際社會(huì))。