2000 Translation
26. Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
「譯文」 在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要采取不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句子的主干為this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists，主語(yǔ)是this，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞requires的賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)，分別是varying measures of centralized control和the help of specialized scientists.such as economists and operational research experts是specialized scientists的同位語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 measure意為“測(cè)量；尺寸；措施”，但在句中的意思為“程度，幅度”。 varying measures of意為“不同程度的”。
centralized control指中央控制，即中央政策的控制。operational research意為“運(yùn)籌學(xué)”，這個(gè)概念并不常見(jiàn)，個(gè)人認(rèn)為翻譯題中出現(xiàn)這樣的詞匯并不合適。
27. Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
「譯文」 再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴(lài)于各種科技人員的努力。
「析句」 本句的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，即that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，以及that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.另外應(yīng)該知道在第二個(gè)從句中，this指代前面的efficiency.
「講詞」 to be bound up with意為“與……聯(lián)系在一起”或“與……相關(guān)”。The destiny of Hong Kong is bound up with the economic progress in the mainland.（香港的命運(yùn)與大陸的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)息息相關(guān)。）Rockwell has realized that the thriving of the corporation and the local image in China are closely bound up with the knowledge and the skill of the personnel.（羅克維爾公司已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，公司的發(fā)展及在中國(guó)的形象與其人員的知識(shí)和技能密不可分。）
28. Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
「譯文」 大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
「析句」 Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications作全句的原因狀語(yǔ)，本句的主干為people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas.while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其中過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)given above作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the reasons.
「講詞」 expose意為“揭露；曝光；暴露于；接觸到”。The report exposed the secret operation which had been carried by the government.（這篇報(bào)導(dǎo)揭露了政府一直在從事的秘密行動(dòng)。）Our troops were exposed to the enemy fire.（我們的部隊(duì)暴露于敵人的火力之下。）You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well.（如果你想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)該多接觸英語(yǔ)。）
29. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
「譯文」 在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過(guò)程。
「析句」 本句的主干為the process of industrialization… was spread over nearly a century.in the early industrialized countries of Europe作全句的狀語(yǔ)，with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意連接詞whereas引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表示對(duì)比的從句。
「講詞」 翻譯此句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯，因此industrialized country應(yīng)該譯成“工業(yè)化國(guó)家”，the process of industrialization譯成“工業(yè)化進(jìn)程”，developing nation（country）譯成“發(fā)展中國(guó)家”。
undergo意為“經(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受”。You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing.（你簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法想象她經(jīng)歷了多少磨難。）The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant.（老人在經(jīng)歷了一次換心手術(shù)后活了5年。）
30. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
「譯文」 由于人口激增，加上大規(guī)模的人口遷移所產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題（如今，現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口遷移變得相對(duì)容易）也會(huì)造成額外的社會(huì)壓力。
「析句」 本句的主干為Additional social stresses may also occur.because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的狀語(yǔ)。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分，說(shuō)明mass migration movements，完整的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是that （which） are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
「講詞」 stress作名詞時(shí)常見(jiàn)的詞義是“壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)”。Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us.（我們的目標(biāo)不是消除壓力，而是要學(xué)會(huì)控制壓力，如何使用它以幫助自己。）Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China.（章學(xué)誠(chéng)一貫強(qiáng)調(diào)研究中華帝國(guó)的地方史意義重大。）
26. Under modern conditions,this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.
「譯文」 在現(xiàn)代條件下，這需要采取不同的中央控制，從而就需要獲得諸如經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和運(yùn)籌學(xué)等領(lǐng)域?qū)＜业膮f(xié)助。
「析句」 本句是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句。句子的主干為this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists，主語(yǔ)是this，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞requires的賓語(yǔ)是兩個(gè)，分別是varying measures of centralized control和the help of specialized scientists.such as economists and operational research experts是specialized scientists的同位語(yǔ)。
「講詞」 measure意為“測(cè)量；尺寸；措施”，但在句中的意思為“程度，幅度”。 varying measures of意為“不同程度的”。
centralized control指中央控制，即中央政策的控制。operational research意為“運(yùn)籌學(xué)”，這個(gè)概念并不常見(jiàn)，個(gè)人認(rèn)為翻譯題中出現(xiàn)這樣的詞匯并不合適。
27. Furthermore,it is obvious that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry,and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.
「譯文」 再者，顯而易見(jiàn)的是一個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力與其工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)效率密切相關(guān)，而效率的提高則又有賴(lài)于各種科技人員的努力。
「析句」 本句的it是形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為兩個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句，即that the strength of a country's economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry，以及that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.另外應(yīng)該知道在第二個(gè)從句中，this指代前面的efficiency.
「講詞」 to be bound up with意為“與……聯(lián)系在一起”或“與……相關(guān)”。The destiny of Hong Kong is bound up with the economic progress in the mainland.（香港的命運(yùn)與大陸的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)息息相關(guān)。）Rockwell has realized that the thriving of the corporation and the local image in China are closely bound up with the knowledge and the skill of the personnel.（羅克維爾公司已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)到，公司的發(fā)展及在中國(guó)的形象與其人員的知識(shí)和技能密不可分。）
28. Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications,people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas,while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.
「譯文」 大眾通訊的顯著發(fā)展使各地的人們不斷感到有新的需求，不斷接觸到新的習(xí)俗和思想，由于上述原因，政府常常得推出更多的革新。
「析句」 Owing to the remarkable development in mass communications作全句的原因狀語(yǔ)，本句的主干為people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas.while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above是一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，其中過(guò)去分詞結(jié)構(gòu)given above作后置定語(yǔ)，修飾the reasons.
「講詞」 expose意為“揭露；曝光；暴露于；接觸到”。The report exposed the secret operation which had been carried by the government.（這篇報(bào)導(dǎo)揭露了政府一直在從事的秘密行動(dòng)。）Our troops were exposed to the enemy fire.（我們的部隊(duì)暴露于敵人的火力之下。）You should expose yourself to English if you want to learn it well.（如果你想學(xué)好英語(yǔ)，就應(yīng)該多接觸英語(yǔ)。）
29. In the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization—with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed—was spread over nearly a century,whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.
「譯文」 在先期實(shí)現(xiàn)工業(yè)化的歐洲國(guó)家中，其工業(yè)化進(jìn)程以及隨之而來(lái)的各種深刻的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)變革，持續(xù)了大約一個(gè)世紀(jì)之久，而如今一個(gè)發(fā)展中國(guó)家在十年左右就可能完成這個(gè)過(guò)程。
「析句」 本句的主干為the process of industrialization… was spread over nearly a century.in the early industrialized countries of Europe作全句的狀語(yǔ)，with all the far reaching changes in social patterns that followed是插入成分。注意連接詞whereas引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)表示對(duì)比的從句。
「講詞」 翻譯此句時(shí)，應(yīng)該注意術(shù)語(yǔ)的翻譯，因此industrialized country應(yīng)該譯成“工業(yè)化國(guó)家”，the process of industrialization譯成“工業(yè)化進(jìn)程”，developing nation（country）譯成“發(fā)展中國(guó)家”。
undergo意為“經(jīng)歷,遭受,忍受”。You can hardly imagine the sufferings she has been undergoing.（你簡(jiǎn)直無(wú)法想象她經(jīng)歷了多少磨難。）The old man lived for five years after he underwent a heart transplant.（老人在經(jīng)歷了一次換心手術(shù)后活了5年。）
30. Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements—themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
「譯文」 由于人口激增，加上大規(guī)模的人口遷移所產(chǎn)生的問(wèn)題（如今，現(xiàn)代交通工具使人口遷移變得相對(duì)容易）也會(huì)造成額外的社會(huì)壓力。
「析句」 本句的主干為Additional social stresses may also occur.because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements是表示原因的狀語(yǔ)。themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport在句中是附加成分，說(shuō)明mass migration movements，完整的說(shuō)法應(yīng)該是that （which） are made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
「講詞」 stress作名詞時(shí)常見(jiàn)的詞義是“壓力；強(qiáng)調(diào)”。Our goal is not to eliminate stress but to learn how to manage it and how to use it to help us.（我們的目標(biāo)不是消除壓力，而是要學(xué)會(huì)控制壓力，如何使用它以幫助自己。）Zhang Xuecheng was noted for his stress on the importance of local history of the empire of China.（章學(xué)誠(chéng)一貫強(qiáng)調(diào)研究中華帝國(guó)的地方史意義重大。）