1999 Passage 3
11. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.
「譯文」 對于計算機課堂教學(xué)，人們在觀點上存在著一條無形的界線：有人認為應(yīng)從學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景來考慮這一問題，另一些人認為應(yīng)從推行根本教育改革方面更加全面地考慮計算機進入教室這一問題。
「析句」 此句在結(jié)構(gòu)上是個簡單句，復(fù)雜之處在于divides的賓語是兩個those，而且各自跟了一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語，一是arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects，一是arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.兩個賓語代表了兩種不同的觀點。
「講詞」 career prospects指就業(yè)前景，當(dāng)然這個詞組也可以表示“職業(yè)前景”，即一個人在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。
radical意為“激進的；根本的”，也可指“激進分子”。radical faults in the design（設(shè)計中的基本錯誤）。A radical is a man with both feet firmly planted in the air. （激進分子就是不講實際的人。）
12. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
「譯文」 旨在使學(xué)生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，它存在的理由與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有很大差別。
「析句」 這個句子的主語是An education，后面that引導(dǎo)的從句既是主語的定語，表語是a technical education.過去分詞justified引導(dǎo)的短語修飾a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語。
「講詞」 justify意為“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?。Is he justified in all his actions?（他的這許多行為是正當(dāng)?shù)膯?）The course of events fully justifies our views.（事情的發(fā)展完全證明我們的意見是正確的。）
radically表示“根本地”。radical意為“根本的，基本的，激進的”。
require意為“要求，需要”。I require two children to help me.（我需要兩個孩子來幫忙。）The rules require us all to be present.（按規(guī)定我們都要到場。）
13. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
「譯文」 相反，我們應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)美國公民的某種觀念，如果他無法準確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，他的公民特征就是不完整的。
「析句」 這個句子的難點在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character… outside of himself.這里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句；該定語從句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導(dǎo)條件從句，這個條件從句中的謂語動詞access跟了一個 how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
「講詞」 assess意為“評估，評價”。The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.（這地方的學(xué)校教師的年收入為900美元。）Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.（損失估計達一千元人民幣。）
affect意為“影響”。You should be aware of the fact that smoking affects health.（你應(yīng)該清楚吸煙有害健康。）He was deeply affected by my words.（他聽了我的話很受感動。）注意affected的意思是“假裝的，造作的”。She showed an affected interest in our subject.（她假裝對我們的課題感興趣。）
14. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.
「譯文」 但是情況并不總是如此。在法律要求所有兒童在一定年齡之前必須上學(xué)，人們普遍認為有些兒童天生就不適合接受這種教育。
「析句」 全句由兩個分句組成，前后用分號隔開。在第二個分句的主句中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.it was widely accepted意為“人們普遍認為”。
「講詞」 pursue意為“追趕,追蹤,追擊,繼續(xù),從事”。She pursued the study of English for five years.（她堅持學(xué)了五年英語。）The ship continued to pursue a northern course.（船只繼續(xù)向北航行。）
attend意為“出席，參加；照顧；注意；伴隨”。The speech was attended with wild applause.（聽眾對演講報以熱烈的掌聲。）We'll attend to that problem later.（我們稍后會關(guān)注那個問題。）
15. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
「譯文」 此外，在我們這么大的一個國家里，經(jīng)濟延展到這么多的州，涉及這么多的國際公司，因而要培養(yǎng)出所需數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的。
「析句」 這里的主語this指的是前面所說的professional training，后面不定式短語中動詞produce的賓語是professional，前面的成分是修飾這個詞的短語，接著是地點狀語，其中country帶了兩個修飾成分，前一個是形容詞性的短語as large as ours，后一個是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這個從句的主語the economy有兩個謂語動詞：is和 involves，后面都用了相似的結(jié)構(gòu)so many，表示強調(diào)。
「講詞」 needed意為“所需的”。Select this link to print a checklist of the documents needed.（選擇這一鏈接，然后打印所需的文件。）另外，注意spread的過去式和過去分詞與原形一樣。
spread除了表示“伸展；展開；傳播”，也可表示“延伸；延長”。This is a prescribed course which spreads over two semesters.（這是一門需要兩個學(xué)期才能學(xué)完的必修課。）注意spread的過去式和過去分詞都是spread.
16. But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.
「譯文」 但是對少數(shù)學(xué)生而言，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是可取之路，因為在其他因素相同的情況下，熟練的技能是能否得到工作的關(guān)鍵。
「析句」 該句是個主從復(fù)合句，前面for引導(dǎo)的短語表示的是對象，注意主句的表語the way跟了一個不定式to go，從句由since引導(dǎo)，這個從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是skills… can be the difference，其中difference帶了一個介詞短語between… and…，and后面的 not可以補足為not having a job.all other factors being equal是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在本句中作為插入短語，起到限制的作用。
「講詞」 factor意為“因素”。Her friendly manner is an important factor in her rapid success.（待人友好是她迅速獲得成功的重要因素。）They take family background seriously,which is the most important factor to earn others respect.（他們非常重視家庭背景，認為這是贏得相互尊重的重要因素。
11. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.
「譯文」 對于計算機課堂教學(xué)，人們在觀點上存在著一條無形的界線：有人認為應(yīng)從學(xué)生的就業(yè)前景來考慮這一問題，另一些人認為應(yīng)從推行根本教育改革方面更加全面地考慮計算機進入教室這一問題。
「析句」 此句在結(jié)構(gòu)上是個簡單句，復(fù)雜之處在于divides的賓語是兩個those，而且各自跟了一個現(xiàn)在分詞短語，一是arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students' career prospects，一是arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform.兩個賓語代表了兩種不同的觀點。
「講詞」 career prospects指就業(yè)前景，當(dāng)然這個詞組也可以表示“職業(yè)前景”，即一個人在事業(yè)上的發(fā)展。
radical意為“激進的；根本的”，也可指“激進分子”。radical faults in the design（設(shè)計中的基本錯誤）。A radical is a man with both feet firmly planted in the air. （激進分子就是不講實際的人。）
12. An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a technical education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is universally required by law.
「譯文」 旨在使學(xué)生勝任某種工作的教育是職業(yè)教育，它存在的理由與法律所規(guī)定的普及教育之間有很大差別。
「析句」 這個句子的主語是An education，后面that引導(dǎo)的從句既是主語的定語，表語是a technical education.過去分詞justified引導(dǎo)的短語修飾a technical education，radically different from why education is universally required by law是reasons的后置定語。
「講詞」 justify意為“證明……是正當(dāng)?shù)摹?。Is he justified in all his actions?（他的這許多行為是正當(dāng)?shù)膯?）The course of events fully justifies our views.（事情的發(fā)展完全證明我們的意見是正確的。）
radically表示“根本地”。radical意為“根本的，基本的，激進的”。
require意為“要求，需要”。I require two children to help me.（我需要兩個孩子來幫忙。）The rules require us all to be present.（按規(guī)定我們都要到場。）
13. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently assess how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
「譯文」 相反，我們應(yīng)該體現(xiàn)美國公民的某種觀念，如果他無法準確判斷自身的生活和幸福是如何受到外界影響的，他的公民特征就是不完整的。
「析句」 這個句子的難點在于理解a certain conception of the American citizen，即a character… outside of himself.這里的a character是指the American citizen，其后是一個who引導(dǎo)的定語從句；該定語從句是主從復(fù)合句，其中主句是who is incomplete，if引導(dǎo)條件從句，這個條件從句中的謂語動詞access跟了一個 how引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。
「講詞」 assess意為“評估，評價”。The annual income of school teachers in this place was assessed at $900.（這地方的學(xué)校教師的年收入為900美元。）Damages were assessed at 1000 RMB.（損失估計達一千元人民幣。）
affect意為“影響”。You should be aware of the fact that smoking affects health.（你應(yīng)該清楚吸煙有害健康。）He was deeply affected by my words.（他聽了我的話很受感動。）注意affected的意思是“假裝的，造作的”。She showed an affected interest in our subject.（她假裝對我們的課題感興趣。）
14. But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain age,it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.
「譯文」 但是情況并不總是如此。在法律要求所有兒童在一定年齡之前必須上學(xué)，人們普遍認為有些兒童天生就不適合接受這種教育。
「析句」 全句由兩個分句組成，前后用分號隔開。在第二個分句的主句中，it是形式主語，真正的主語是some were just not equipped by nature to pursue this kind of education.it was widely accepted意為“人們普遍認為”。
「講詞」 pursue意為“追趕,追蹤,追擊,繼續(xù),從事”。She pursued the study of English for five years.（她堅持學(xué)了五年英語。）The ship continued to pursue a northern course.（船只繼續(xù)向北航行。）
attend意為“出席，參加；照顧；注意；伴隨”。The speech was attended with wild applause.（聽眾對演講報以熱烈的掌聲。）We'll attend to that problem later.（我們稍后會關(guān)注那個問題。）
15. Besides,this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
「譯文」 此外，在我們這么大的一個國家里，經(jīng)濟延展到這么多的州，涉及這么多的國際公司，因而要培養(yǎng)出所需數(shù)量的各類專業(yè)人員是不太可能的。
「析句」 這里的主語this指的是前面所說的professional training，后面不定式短語中動詞produce的賓語是professional，前面的成分是修飾這個詞的短語，接著是地點狀語，其中country帶了兩個修飾成分，前一個是形容詞性的短語as large as ours，后一個是where引導(dǎo)的定語從句，這個從句的主語the economy有兩個謂語動詞：is和 involves，后面都用了相似的結(jié)構(gòu)so many，表示強調(diào)。
「講詞」 needed意為“所需的”。Select this link to print a checklist of the documents needed.（選擇這一鏈接，然后打印所需的文件。）另外，注意spread的過去式和過去分詞與原形一樣。
spread除了表示“伸展；展開；傳播”，也可表示“延伸；延長”。This is a prescribed course which spreads over two semesters.（這是一門需要兩個學(xué)期才能學(xué)完的必修課。）注意spread的過去式和過去分詞都是spread.
16. But,for a small group of students,professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills,all other factors being equal,can be the difference between having a job and not.
「譯文」 但是對少數(shù)學(xué)生而言，職業(yè)培訓(xùn)也許是可取之路，因為在其他因素相同的情況下，熟練的技能是能否得到工作的關(guān)鍵。
「析句」 該句是個主從復(fù)合句，前面for引導(dǎo)的短語表示的是對象，注意主句的表語the way跟了一個不定式to go，從句由since引導(dǎo)，這個從句的主干結(jié)構(gòu)是skills… can be the difference，其中difference帶了一個介詞短語between… and…，and后面的 not可以補足為not having a job.all other factors being equal是一個獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，在本句中作為插入短語，起到限制的作用。
「講詞」 factor意為“因素”。Her friendly manner is an important factor in her rapid success.（待人友好是她迅速獲得成功的重要因素。）They take family background seriously,which is the most important factor to earn others respect.（他們非常重視家庭背景，認為這是贏得相互尊重的重要因素。