《考研英語(yǔ)難句突破300句》23

字號(hào):

2003 Part B
    22. Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies.
    「譯文」 而且,人類(lèi)還有能力改變自己的生存環(huán)境,從而讓所有其它形態(tài)的生命服從人類(lèi)自己獨(dú)特的想法和想象。
    「析句」 本句的主干是humans have the ability to modify the environment.定語(yǔ)從句in which they live修飾environment.thus subjecting… fancies是現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。注意their指代humans.life forms是一個(gè)生物學(xué)術(shù)語(yǔ),意為“生命形態(tài)”。
    「講詞」 modify意為“更改,修改”。Could you possibly modify your demands so that we can reach an agreement?(你能不能調(diào)整你的要求,以便我們能夠達(dá)成協(xié)議?)modify還有“限制,修飾”之意。This word is used to modify the noun.(這個(gè)單詞是用來(lái)修飾這個(gè)名詞的。)
    subject的意思較多,作名詞時(shí)可以表示“課程,主題;臣民,國(guó)民;(語(yǔ)法)主語(yǔ)”。作動(dòng)詞時(shí)表示“使屈從,使隸屬”:Hitler tried to subject the people of Europe to his rule.(*企圖迫使歐洲人民接受他的統(tǒng)治。)subject還可作形容詞,表示“服從于,受制于,易于”。This plan is subject to discussion before the final decision is made.(在終下定決心之前,可以對(duì)這一計(jì)劃進(jìn)行討論。)
    23. Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry which seeks to study humans and their endeavors in the same reasoned, orderly, systematic, and dispassioned manner that natural scientists use for the study of natural phenomena.
    「譯文」 社會(huì)科學(xué)是知識(shí)探索的一個(gè)分支,它致力于以自然科學(xué)家研究自然現(xiàn)象的同樣方式,理性、有序、系統(tǒng)而冷靜地研究人類(lèi)及其行為。
    「析句」 本句為帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的主從復(fù)合句。句子的主干為Social science is that branch of intellectual enquiry.第一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(which seeks to… dispassioned manner)修飾前面的enquiry,第二個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句(that natural scientists used for the study of natural phenomena)修飾前面的manner.
    「講詞」 enquiry意為“詢(xún)問(wèn),探詢(xún)”,這是美國(guó)英語(yǔ)的拼寫(xiě)方式,英國(guó)英語(yǔ)則是 inquiry,其動(dòng)詞形式是enquire(inquire)。如跟about連用,一般表示“詢(xún)問(wèn)”,例如:Ill inquire about the flights.(我將打聽(tīng)航班的情況。)She inquired after my mothers health.(她問(wèn)起我母親的健康情況。)如跟into連用,一般表示“調(diào)查”,例如:We inquired into his story,and found it was true.(我們調(diào)查了他所講的事情,發(fā)現(xiàn)情況屬實(shí)。)
    24. The emphasis on data gathered first hand, combined with a cross cultural perspective brought to the analysis of cultures past and present, makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science.
    「譯文」 強(qiáng)調(diào)收集第一手資料,加上采用跨文化視角分析過(guò)去和現(xiàn)在的文化形態(tài),這就使得這一研究成為一門(mén)獨(dú)特并且顯然重要的社會(huì)科學(xué)。
    「析句」 本句為簡(jiǎn)單句。The emphasis… makes this study a unique and distinctly important social science是句子的主干,gathered firsthand和 brought to the analysis of cultures past and present兩個(gè)過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ),分別修飾data和perspective.在翻譯時(shí),應(yīng)該注意過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作后置定語(yǔ)的處理方法,應(yīng)根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)的表達(dá)習(xí)慣適當(dāng)調(diào)整句子結(jié)構(gòu)。
    「講詞」 perspective意為“透視畫(huà)法,透視圖;遠(yuǎn)景,前途;觀點(diǎn)”,表示“認(rèn)識(shí)或分析問(wèn)題角度”是一個(gè)常見(jiàn)的用法。From the perspective of history,the reason that China is faced with the issue of living space is because Western countries have developed ahead of Eastern countries.(從歷史的角度來(lái)看,中國(guó)之所以面臨了生活空間這一問(wèn)題是因?yàn)槲鞣絿?guó)家的發(fā)展早于東方國(guó)家。)
    25. Tylor defined culture as “…that complex whole which includes belief,art,morals,law,custom,and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.”
    「譯文」 泰勒把文化定義為“……一個(gè)復(fù)合整體,它包括人作為社會(huì)成員所獲得的信仰、藝術(shù)、道德、法律、風(fēng)俗以及其它能力和習(xí)慣”。
    「析句」 本句的主干為T(mén)ylor defined culture,as與引號(hào)中的內(nèi)容一起作間接賓語(yǔ)。其中which includes… of society是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面的that complex whole.在定語(yǔ)從句中,過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)acquired by man as a member of society作后置定語(yǔ),修飾前面的belief… other capabilities and habits.
    「講詞」 define意為“定義,詳細(xì)說(shuō)明”。Throughout history man has tried to define Time.(自古以來(lái),人類(lèi)就一直試圖給時(shí)間下定義。)The goal of this project is to define the potential market for the new product.(這一項(xiàng)目的目標(biāo)是詳細(xì)說(shuō)明這一新產(chǎn)品的潛在市場(chǎng)。)
    26. Thus,the anthropological concept of “culture”— like the concept of “set” in mathematics,is an abstract concept which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding.
    「譯文」 因此,人類(lèi)學(xué)中“文化”的概念就像數(shù)學(xué)中“集”的概念一樣,是一個(gè)抽象概念,它使大量的具體研究和認(rèn)識(shí)成為可能。
    「析句」 本句的主干是the anthropological concept of “culture,”… is an abstract concept.which makes possible immense amounts of concrete research and understanding是定語(yǔ)從句,修飾前面an abstract concept.like the concept of “set” in mathematics是一個(gè)作狀語(yǔ)的介詞短語(yǔ),修飾系動(dòng)詞is.當(dāng)然,在翻譯此句時(shí),如果不知道在數(shù)學(xué)中set對(duì)應(yīng)的漢語(yǔ)術(shù)語(yǔ)是什么,那么翻譯就會(huì)出現(xiàn)困難。
    「講詞」 concrete作名詞時(shí)表示“混凝土”,例如:a concrete building(一個(gè)混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)的建筑)。作形容詞時(shí),concrete意為“具體的,有形的”,例如:The police now had had concrete evidence needed to convict him.(警察現(xiàn)在有了確鑿的證據(jù)將他定罪。)Have you any concrete suggestions on how to deal with these difficulties? (對(duì)怎樣解決這些困難,你有沒(méi)有什么具體建議?)